Adaptive Optimal Discrete-Time Output-Feedback Using an Internal Model Principle and Adaptive Dynamic Programming

In order to address the output feedback issue for linear discrete-time systems, this work suggests a brand-new adaptive dynamic programming(ADP) technique based on the internal model principle(IMP). The proposed method, termed as IMP-ADP, does not require complete state feedback-merely the measurement of input and output data. More specifically, based on the IMP, the output control problem can first be converted into a stabilization problem. We then design an observer to reproduce the full state of the system by measuring the inputs and outputs. Moreover, this technique includes both a policy iteration algorithm and a value iteration algorithm to determine the optimal feedback gain without using a dynamic system model. It is important that with this concept one does not need to solve the regulator equation. Finally, this control method was tested on an inverter system of grid-connected LCLs to demonstrate that the proposed method provides the desired performance in terms of both tracking and disturbance rejection.

Effects of a Stress Management Program Based on Psychological Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Disease after Retirement in an Underpopulated Area: A Pilot Study

Background: To develop an effective health education program to prevent cardiovascular disease in middle-aged residents after retirement in underpopulated areas, we explored the effects of a stress management program based on the type A behavior pattern. Methods: This study was carried out in a rural city in Japan recognized as underpopulated and participants were civil servants aged 45 - 64 who joined a stress management program offered as part of staff training. Learning materials for the program were developed based on the type A behavior pattern. Measures for the impact evaluation were Bloom’s learning domains and stage of change for stress management practice. Measures for the outcome evaluation were KG’s Daily Life Questionnaire (KG Questionnaire), the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Framingham 10-year cardiovascular risk score (CVD risk score). We statistically analyzed changes in each item between time points. Results: Eighteen participants completed questionnaire surveys at pre-, post-, and 4 weeks post-program and eleven had complete blood pressure and weight measurements at pre- and post-program. In the impact evaluation, the Friedman test found significant differences between the three time points in all of Bloom’s learning domain scores and stage of change for stress management. In the post hoc analysis, a significant increase was seen between pre- and post-program and between pre- and 4 weeks post-program in cognitive domain score, psychomotor domain score and stage of change for stress management. In the outcome evaluation, a significant decrease in systolic blood pressure was seen between pre- and post-program. Conclusion: The present study suggested that a stress management program using learning materials based on type A behavior could promote stress management practices and reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease. This stress management program is expected to be useful as a health promotion activity for middle-aged residents after retirement in underpopulated areas.

Cardiovascular Automatic Feedback Control Instrument for Rescuing Critical Patients With Abnormal Blood Pressure

Objectives Most medical instruments are designed for diagnosis purpose but very few for clinical treatment. Our research aim is to design and develop a cardiovascular automatic feedback control instrument （CAFCI） for rescuing the critical patients with abnormal blood pressure. Methods The CAFCI was designed on the basis of abundant clinical experiences and on successful mathematic modeling of our blood pressure, pulmonary experimental data. The capillary wedge pressure, and rates of heart beat were measured and inputted into a computer and drugs were chosen by a doctor through a user-friendly interface with the computer. The responses to medication were rapidly acquired and feed back to the computer by automatic detection system in a close-loop system. every 7.5 sec in order to dosage The data were refreshed regulate the speed and of the medications that were given. Results The experimental results with ten dogs showed that the CAFCI system took samples promptly and accurately so that the targeted blood pressure could be reached reliably based on our input parameters and our designing requirements. Conclusions Since the dependability and accuracy of the CAFCI system are much superior to that of the traditional method, its clinical application to rescue the critical patient warrants evaluation in the future.

Management of chronic heart failure:Role of home echocardiography in monitoring care programs

AIM:To identify a possible role of home echocardiography for monitoring chronic heart failure(CHF)patients.METHODS:We prospectively investigated 118 patients hospitalized during the last year for CHF who could not easily reach the pertaining District Healthcare Center.The patients were followed up with 2 home management programs:one including clinical and electrocardiographic evaluations and also periodic home echocardiographic examinations(group A),the other including clinical and electrocardiographic evaluations only(group B).RESULTS:At the end of the 18-mo follow-up no significant differences were observed between the 2 groups as regards the primary endpoint:rehospitalization occurred in 4 patients of the group A and in 6 patients of the group B;major cardiovascular events occurred in 2 and in 3 patients,respectively.No significant differences were observed with respect to the secondary endpoints:one vascular event appeared in both the groups,3 cardiovascular deaths occurred in group A and 2 in group B.No significant differences were observed between the 2 groups as regards the composite endpoint of death plus hospitalization.CONCLUSION:Home echocardiography for monitoring of CHF patients does not improve the cardiovascular endpoints.In our CHF patients,a low incidence of vascular events was observed.

Data⁃Based Feedback Relearning Algorithm for Robust Control of SGCMG Gimbal Servo System with Multi⁃source Disturbance

Single gimbal control moment gyroscope(SGCMG)with high precision and fast response is an important attitude control system for high precision docking,rapid maneuvering navigation and guidance system in the aerospace field.In this paper,considering the influence of multi-source disturbance,a data-based feedback relearning(FR)algorithm is designed for the robust control of SGCMG gimbal servo system.Based on adaptive dynamic programming and least-square principle,the FR algorithm is used to obtain the servo control strategy by collecting the online operation data of SGCMG system.This is a model-free learning strategy in which no prior knowledge of the SGCMG model is required.Then,combining the reinforcement learning mechanism,the servo control strategy is interacted with system dynamic of SGCMG.The adaptive evaluation and improvement of servo control strategy against the multi-source disturbance are realized.Meanwhile,a data redistribution method based on experience replay is designed to reduce data correlation to improve algorithm stability and data utilization efficiency.Finally,by comparing with other methods on the simulation model of SGCMG,the effectiveness of the proposed servo control strategy is verified.

TWO FEEDBACK PROBLEMS FOR GRAPHS WITH BOUNDED TREE-WIDTH

Many difficult (often NP-complete) optimization problems can be solved efficiently on graphs of small tree-width with a given tree-decomposition.In this paper,it is discussed how to solve the minimum feedback vertex set problem and the minimum vertex feedback edge set problem efficiently by using dynamic programming on a tree-decomposition.

Quality Improvement in Cardiovascular Imaging

Implementation of quality improvement(QI)activities is growing in health care settings across the world.Within cardiovascular imaging,areas for improvement include consistency of result reporting,greater patient safety through reductions in radiation exposure,and greater effi ciency of care delivery by elimination of wasteful practices and elimination of low-value or rarely appropriate testing.QI in health care is often driven through one of several endorsed frameworks,such as Lean,Six Sigma,and the Model for Improvement.Multiple examples of how to teach QI to medical trainees and physicians have been published.In this narrative review,we explore the growth and impact of QI in cardiovascular imaging,providing specifi c examples of successful projects,barriers to conducting QI,and rewards of persistent effort toward improving care.

心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案的构建研究

目的构建心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案。方法以胜任力冰山模型为理论依据,基于文献回顾法、问卷调查及半结构访谈法拟订心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案初稿,通过Delphi法对28名心血管内科护理专家进行2轮专家函询,构建心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案。结果2轮函询专家积极系数均为100%,专家的权威系数为0.847,肯德尔协调系数分别为0.274和0.395(P<0.05)。构建的心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案包括培训模块(理论知识、操作技能、应急抢救、沟通协调、职业特质)、培训内容、培训方式、学时安排、培训师资、考核方式。结论构建的心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力培训方案具有科学性和可靠性,为各医院心血管内科低年资护士临床急救能力规范化培训提供参考依据和实践思路。

SSFuzz:状态敏感的网络协议服务灰盒模糊测试技术

网络协议服务作为个人设备与互联网交互的接口,其脆弱性严重威胁用户的隐私和信息安全。最先进的网络协议灰盒模糊测试工具在代码覆盖率的基础上引入了状态反馈,通过分析网络协议服务的状态信息,进一步筛选有效的变异种子。但是,不同的模糊测试工具对网络协议服务状态有着不同的定义,如AFLNET通过分析服务器响应数据包的内容提取状态,StateAFL定义长寿命内存作为程序状态。在状态收集上,SGFuzz通过分析Enum类型数据定义,识别状态变量的赋值语句并插桩。然而,SGFuzz无法识别状态变量的间接赋值语句,对于状态变量的识别并不全面。同时,在构建状态机时,不同的模糊测试技术对状态机节点有着不同的定义,难以在同一个模糊测试工具上同时使用多种状态收集策略。此外,在实验设计上,现有的方案倾向于比较相同时间内的代码覆盖率情况。但是,代码覆盖率的增长受到多方面因素的影响,如吞吐量、种子筛选策略等。相同时间内的代码覆盖率实验适用于不同模糊测试工具之间的比较,对于其中单个模块的改进实验则不适用。针对以上问题,提出了SSFuzz。具体地,SSFuzz研究了基于状态变量的插桩方式,依据代码编译过程中的抽象语法树信息,识别状态变量赋值的间接赋值方法,能够更精准地对状态变量赋值语句进行插桩;其次,SSFuzz对用于指导状态筛选的状态机进行了定义,该方法有助于不同的状态反馈策略共同构建状态机。实验结果表明,SSFuzz能够实现对大部分网络协议服务的插桩,并且相较于SGFuzz,能够实现对间接赋值语句的插桩。此外,讨论了适用于评估状态机有效性的实验方法,并证明了SSFuzz能够以更少的测试样例数量达到更高的路径覆盖率。

靶向铁死亡治疗心血管疾病的研究进展

随着我国经济社会的发展、国人饮食结构发生变化以及老龄化程度不断加深,我国心血管疾病的发病率和病死率仍在升高,给国民的生命健康造成巨大威胁,同时也给社会造成较大的经济负担。因此,近年来针对心血管疾病发病机制的研究亦是日新月异。铁死亡是近年来新定义的一种程序性细胞死亡方式,本团队前期研究发现铁死亡是调控主动脉夹层发生发展的病理新机制,且靶向铁死亡能显著抑制小鼠主动脉夹层的进展及夹层破裂死亡。此外,铁死亡也被证实参与心肌缺血再灌注损伤、动脉粥样硬化、药物诱发的心力衰竭、败血症诱发的心肌病和糖尿病心肌病等多种心血管疾病的病理进程,提示靶向铁死亡有望成为治疗心血管疾病的新方法。因此,本文将对铁死亡在心血管疾病中的研究进展进行概述,并讨论其潜在的临床转化价值。

永磁同步电动机速度伺服系统最优输出反馈控制器设计

针对永磁同步电动机(Permanent magnet synchronous motor,PMSM)模型参数未知以及电枢电流和负载转矩无法直接测量的问题,设计一种基于自适应动态规划(Adaptive dynamic programming,ADP)的输出反馈控制方案,实现PMSM最优速度跟踪控制.首先,根据PMSM内部特性确定其数学模型的结构,构建与原始系统相对应的辅助系统,引入新的线性二次指标来实现速度最优跟踪调节.其次,设计一种嵌入式观测器,该观测器能够在系统模型未知情况下用可测量数据重构系统全部状态.此外,提出一种离线策略的ADP方法逼近最优控制增益的解.最后,仿真结果验证所提控制方案在模型参数未知以及电枢电流和负载转矩不可测量的情况下,实现了精确的速度跟踪性能和良好的瞬态响应,同时降低了电压的冲击.

基于护理质量反馈构建的SDMM护理方案在脑出血患者中的应用

目的本文主要对脑出血的患者提供基于护理质量反馈构建的Siebens领域管理模式(SDMM),探讨患者的护理效果。方法选取2022年4月1日至2023年4月30日收治的243例脑出血患者进行研究,采用随机平衡法分为参照组(121例,采用常规的护理模式)、试验组(122例,采用基于护理质量反馈构建的SDMM护理方案),分析两组患者的生活质量、自我管理水平、BI水平以及神经功能,评价患者的护理满意度。结果护理前,两组患者的生活质量、BI水平、自我管理水平以及神经功能差异不大,P>0.05。护理后,与参照组相比,试验组患者生活质量更佳,自我管理水平,BI水平以及神经功能均得到改善,护理满意度更高,P<0.05。结论为脑出血患者提供基于护理质量反馈构建的SDMM护理方案可以使得患者的生活质量得到有效的提升,提高了患者的生活能力、提升其护理满意度,有效地改善了患者的神经功能。

M^(6)A modification in cardiovascular disease:With a focus on programmed cell death

N^(6)-methyladenosine(m^(6)A)methylation is one of the most predominant internal RNA modifications in eukaryotes and has become a hot spot in the field of epigenetics in recent years.Cardiovascular diseases(CVDs)are a leading cause of death globally.Emerging evidence demonstrates that RNA modifications,such as the m^(6)A modification,are associated with the development and progression of many diseases,including CVDs.An increasing body of studies has indicated that programmed cell death(PCD)plays a vital role in CVDs.However,the molecular mechanisms underlying m^(6)A modification and PCD in CVDs remain poorly understood.Herein,elaborating on the highly complex connections between the m^(6)A mechanisms and different PCD signaling pathways and clarifying the exact molecular mechanism of m^(6)A modification mediating PCD have significant meaning in developing new strategies for the prevention and therapy of CVDs.There is great potential for clinical application.

Need for education of psychiatric evaluation of offenders with mental disorders:A questionnaire survey for Japanese designated psychiatrists

BACKGROUND The management of offenders with mental disorders has been a significant concern in forensic psychiatry.In Japan,the introduction of the Medical Treatment and Supervision Act in 2005 addressed the issue.However,numerous psychiatric patients at risk of violence still find themselves subject to the administrative involuntary hospitalization(AIH)scheme,which lacks clarity and updated standards.AIM To explore current as well as optimized learning strategies for risk assessment in AIH decision making.METHODS We conducted a questionnaire survey among designated psychiatrists to explore their experiences and expectations regarding training methods for psychiatric assessments of offenders with mental disorders.RESULTS The findings of this study’s survey suggest a prevalent reliance on traditional learning approaches such as oral education and on-the-job training.CONCLUSION This underscores the pressing need for structured training protocols in AIH consultations.Moreover,feedback derived from inpatient treatment experiences is identified as a crucial element for enhancing risk assessment skills.

二阶锥约束规划的机器人视觉闭环位姿自协调方法

将机器人“手-眼”位姿自协调视为无标定约束规划问题,提出一种基于二阶锥约束规划的视觉闭环控制方法。在图像平面和笛卡儿空间分别建立基于图像与基于位姿的视觉伺服控制算法;在路径约束和局部极小约束准则下构建二阶锥凸优化模型,实现了图像特征轨迹和机器人运动路径折中最优;将所提出的二阶锥约束规划模型嵌入自适应状态估计器,实现了机器人雅可比矩阵在线映射学习,解决了“手-眼”标定参数和视觉深度信息未知问题;最后通过无标定机器人视觉定位证明了二阶锥约束规划模型的有效性,真实环境抓取操作表明了机器人位姿自协调控制的可行性。

一种面向嵌入式设备的动态插桩方法

现有动态插桩方法大多基于x86/x64指令集,对嵌入式设备常用的RISC兼容性较差,且在应用嵌入式设备时存在插桩效率低、资源消耗大等问题。文中提出了一种面向嵌入式设备的动态插桩方法DIEB(Dynamic Instrumentation Method for Embedded Physical Devices)。DIEB在嵌入式设备中使用以控制转移指令为探针的探测模式对目标进程进行动态二进制插桩。DIEB提出了一种轻量化的解释执行指令方法,根据指令的运行环境设置指令解释执行区域,并在解释执行区域中解释执行指令获取执行结果。在目标进程动态运行过程中,DIEB通过解释执行用作探针的控制转移指令,获取控制转移指令的目的地址,从而跟踪目标进程的执行流,在软硬件资源紧张的嵌入式设备上高效地进行动态插桩。ARM指令集是一种典型的RISC指令集,测试实验以ARM指令集为验证对象,在NetGear R7000等设备上进行。实验结果表明,经过DIEB插桩的进程可以正常运行,插桩导致的时延远小于基于ptrace的插桩方式,解决了PIN,Dynamorio等现有动态插桩框架难以在嵌入式设备上运行的问题。此外,DIEB具有在多线程环境下稳定运行的能力,可以准确记录并发线程的执行流轨迹。

抚顺东露天矿电机车无线视频监控系统应用

为了减少抚顺东露天矿电机车生产事故,提高电铁运输安全管理水平,分析了监控系统的现状以及无线传输相关技术的研究,设计出专门为电机车使用的无线视频监控系统,实现了对各个电机车作业岗点的远程无线视频监控、GPS定位导航、GPS测速报警、远程语音对讲,录像回放及监听,提升了电机车远程实时监控的安全管理水平。

编程教育在初中教学中的融合实践研究

本文探讨了将编程教育融入初中课程的策略,主要分析了初中阶段编程教育的课程设计、教学方法和学生反馈。在课程设计部分,文章明确了知识、能力和情感目标,并按照学生的认知发展划分为入门、进阶和实战三个阶段,同时构建了全面的评价体系。在教学方法上,文章探讨了情境教学法、任务驱动法、协作学习法以及信息化教学策略,其中信息化教学策略特别强调了网络资源、编程平台和多媒体的整合应用。通过对学生的问卷调查和访谈分析发现,学生对编程教育表现出较高兴趣,且教学策略有效促进了学生的逻辑思维的提升、创新能力和协作技能的提高。本研究旨在为初中编程教育的推广和实施提供实践指导,以期提高教育质量,提升学生的综合素养。

基于智慧平台的程序设计类课程教学方法改革及实践

在智慧环境教学背景下,各高校的程序设计类课程建设面临着更高的要求。本文探究了基于智慧平台的教学方法改革的有效路径,分析了当前教学现状存在的问题,总结了在教学内容、群体差异、实践比例等方面的解决方案,提出了一种“教考评”闭环反馈教学方法,并阐述了具体的改革实践案例。该方法赋予了教学模式动态性,有效保证了程序设计类课程教学质量的稳步提高。