Vocational Identity and Agency of Chinese College Students: Effects of Filial Piety and Implications in Career Education

Balancing family obligations and personal aspirations is crucial for college students in making life decisions.This critical review examined empirical studies on the effects of filial piety on college students’vocational identity and agency.According to identity capital theory,college students need a sense of agency to construct identity consciously and adapt to adulthood.Filial piety may profoundly influence this process as the core value and internalized social structure for the role of being an adult child in a Chinese family.However,no studies have been conducted from the identity capital perspective.This review found that filial piety had direct effects on college students'vocational identity and also indirect effects by shaping specific agency competencies.The impact of filial piety on the agency was more likely to occur through providing normative guidance about adult roles,influencing how college students view family as a supportive resource,and perpetuating parenting experiences.Based on these findings,this article suggested further examining the mediating role of agency between filial piety and identity development,as well as the effects of filial piety on the psychological foundation of agency development.This review suggested enhancing the agency of college students and encouraging reflections on filial piety in career education.

Research on Career Identity in China:A Literature Review

Career identity is one of the important topics to study the psychological problems of employees,especially after the outbreak of CoV-19.Being a populous country in the world,China has a large number of employees from all walks of life,and its research on career identity has attracted more and more attention.Thus,this study aims to sort out the history,characteristics,and trends of the research on career identity in China through a literature review,which can help more scholars pay attention to China’s career identity research.In this study,Citespace is used to statistically analyze the selected literature from China’s National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)and Web of Science(WOS).The results show that:(1)The historical evolution of career identity research in China can be divided into three stages:germination,development and maturity.(2)From the perspective of cooperation between authors and institutions,researchers tend to do independent research,mainly focusing on the research in the field of psychology.(3)From the key words,career identity and employability are the main high-frequency words.(4)From the cluster analysis,the research focuses mainly include social support,teachers’career identity,influencing factors,and job involvement.(5)From the emergent analysis,it can be seen that the research on roles and differences between urban and rural areas is weakening,and the research on factors such as job satisfaction is gradually strengthening as the frontier theme.Finally,according to the existing analysis results,this study predicts the future trend of career identity in China and thinks that it will extend from the fields of concept explanation,interdisciplinary research,scientific research tools,and so on.

Discussion on the Infiltration of Experiential Career Education Concept in Biology Teaching in Senior High Schools

Based on the implementation of the new college entrance examination reform policy and the demand of related policies,the choice of subjects for high school students has shifted from the traditional relatively single model of arts and sciences division to the"3+3"model,and the topic of"how to infiltrate the concept of career education in the teaching process of senior high schools"has become increasingly important.However,at present,the implementation of career education in senior high schools is frequently limited,mainly in the form of class meetings,which instills the concept of career education to students.Therefore,the implementation effect is often not satisfactory.Therefore,experiential learning,a novel and efficient learning method,has entered public's view.Based on relevant research literature at home and abroad,we started with the importance and urgency of implementing career education in high schools,and generally reviewed the research status and future development trends of experiential career education both domestically and internationally.The practical and theoretical significance of the research were explained,and relevant concepts were summarized.Finally,strategic suggestions were proposed for integrating experiential career education concepts into biology teaching in ordinary high schools in China.

New College Entrance Examination Reform in the Zhejiang Province of China

This paper reviews the situation,challenge,and consequence of the new college entrance examination(NEMT)reform in the Zhejiang Province of China.By analyzing the issues arising from the new NEMT reform,the researchers analyze the effectiveness of the new college entrance examination reform in Zhejiang Province.Three main issues could be found in the new college entrance examination reform,which are difficult in class arrangements,increasing costs,and confusion for students in choosing future careers.The researchers compare the influence of these issues from the new college entrance examination reform with that of the labor markets.This review also indicates that the influence of the labor market exceeds that of issues from NEMT reform.Then the way career planning education under the new college entrance reform is discussed.

Practitioner Perspectives on the Current Status of Agriculture Education in the United States

For modern nations, a healthy agricultural sector provides the necessary foundation for the economic growth and social progress that enhance their citizens’ quality of life. Historically, agriculture education has been a dynamic and growing facet of career and technical education in the United States. Currently, however, public policy and support for agriculture education is negatively impacted by a national attitude that devalues agriculture education and perceives it as less desirable than a four-year college degree. This paper considers the history, scope, and current status of agriculture education in the context of increasing worldwide demand for agricultural products and rapidly changing technology.

Reliability and validity of the Chinese version of the Work-FamilySchool Role Conflicts Scale among nurses

Objective:To translate and validate the Chinese version of the Work-Family-School Role Conflicts Scale(WFSRCs-S)among nurses with multiple roles.Methods:A sample of 233 registered nurses pursuing an advanced degree was recruited from 8 university hospitals in 5 cities in China from March to July 2016.The original scale of WFSRCs-S was translated into Chinese and revised to reflect cultural meaning,using standard translation methodology,and its reliability and validity were assessed.Results:The content validity index of the 12-item WFSRCs-S-Chinese was 0.83,and the item level of content validity index ranged from 0.79 to 1.00.The exploratory factor analysis yielded a three-factor solution(work-school-to-family role conflict,family-school-to-work role conflict,and work-family-toschool role conflict)and explained 71.9%of the total variance for WFSRCs-S-Chinese.The Cronbach's a coefficients for the total scale and the three sub-scales were 0.87,0.79,0.78,and 0.87.The confirmatory factor analysis revealed that the measurement model was satisfied,and the test-retest reliability of WFSRCs-S-Chinese was 0.85.The WFSRCs-S-Chinese score was positively associated with burnout(r=0.36,P<0.001)and negatively related to role-related social support(r=—0.18,P=0.046),thereby establishing concurrent validity.Conclusion:The reliability and construct validity of the WFSRCs-S-Chinese suggest that this scale could be useful to assess inter-role conflicts among nurses with multiple roles in China.

Impact of Gender,Family Factors and Exploratory Activities on Students’Career and Educational Search Competencies in Shanghai and Hong Kong

Purpose-This study examines the career and educational search competencies(CESC),a capability which may be necessary for a successful transition from high school to work or postsecondary education,of students from Shanghai and Hong Kong.Design/Approach/Methods-The data for this study was taken from the Main Study of PISA 2012 in Shanghai and Hong Kong.Regression analysis was used to examine the relative impact of different forms of career and educational exploratory activities on students’CESC.Findings-Results showed a consistent pattern of socio-economic inequality in student’s self-reported CESC in the two Chinese cities,which was largely mediated by the family capital or resources.Besides,career and educational exploratory activities initiated by schools,enterprises or the students themselves were found to have significant positive associations with CESC regardless of socioeconomic status.Originality/Value-The paper provides empirical evidence for enhancing students’career search capacity through engaging in career exploration in the face of structural barriers.In light of this,the roles of schools,business sectors,and governments in students’capacity building are discussed.