Putative adult neurogenesis in two domestic pigeon breeds(Columba livia domestica)：racing homer versus utility carneau pigeons

Generation of neurons in the brains of adult birds has been studied extensively in the telencephalon of song birds and few studies are reported on the distribution of PCNA and DCX in the telencephalon of adult non-song learning birds.We report here on adult neurogenesis throughout the brains of two breeds of adult domestic pigeons（Columba livia domestica）,the racing homer and utility carneau using endogenous immunohistochemical markers proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA）for proliferating cells and doublecortin（DCX）for immature and migrating neurons.The distribution of PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was very similar in both pigeon breeds with only a few minor differences.In both pigeons,PCNA and DCX immunoreactivity was observed in the olfactory bulbs,walls of the lateral ventricle,telencephalic subdivisions of the pallium and subpallium,diencephalon,mesencephalon and cerebellum.Generally,the olfactory bulbs and telencephalon had more PCNA and DCX cells than other regions.Two proliferative hotspots were evident in the dorsal and ventral poles of the lateral ventricles.PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells migrated radially from the walls of the lateral ventricle into the parenchyma.In most telencephalic regions,the density of PCNA-and DCX-immunoreactive cells increased from rostral to caudal,except in the mesopallium where the density decreased from rostral to middle levels and then increased caudally.DCX immunoreactivity was more intense in fibres than in cell bodies and DCX-immunoreactive cells included small granular cells,fusiform bipolar cells,large round and or polygonal multipolar cells.The similarity in the distribution of proliferating cells and new neurons in the telencephalon of the two breeds of pigeons may suggest that adult neurogenesis is a conserved trait as an ecological adaptation irrespective of body size.

不同季节白卡奴鸽和银王鸽生产性能比较分析

为深入了解白卡奴鸽和银王鸽的应用潜力,试验对不同季节296只28日龄白卡奴鸽和银王鸽体重体尺指标、屠宰性能及器官指数进行比较分析。结果显示:季节因素对28日龄白卡奴鸽和银王鸽的体尺指标、屠宰性状及器官指数等生产特性产生一定的影响。①秋季组和冬季组28日龄白卡奴鸽的体斜长和腿肌率极显著高于春季组和夏季组(P<0.01);秋季组28日龄白卡奴鸽的胸深、半净膛率、屠宰率极显著高于夏季组(P<0.01);春季组28日龄白卡奴鸽的胸宽极显著高于夏季组(P<0.01)。②秋季组和冬季组28日龄银王鸽的体斜长极显著高于春季组和夏季组(P<0.01);春季组28日龄银王鸽的胸宽和胫围极显著高于其他三组(P<0.01);春季组和夏季组28日龄银王鸽的胸角极显著高于秋季组和冬季组(P<0.01);春季组28日龄银王鸽的全净膛率、半净膛率、屠宰率极显著高于秋季组(P<0.01),春季组28日龄银王鸽的胸肌率极显著高于夏季组(P<0.01)。研究表明白卡奴鸽和银王鸽具有屠宰性能优良、产肉性能良好的特点,并且季节对白卡奴鸽和银王鸽的体尺指标、屠宰性能、器官指数均有影响。

不同杂交组合鸽后代生长性能比较与生长曲线模型建立

为比较不同杂交组合鸽后代的生长性能,探寻优势杂交后代的生长发育规律及其最佳生长曲线模型,本试验以0日龄TK组(塔里木鸽♂×白卡奴鸽♀)后代乳鸽和OK组(欧洲肉鸽Ⅲ系♂×白卡奴鸽♀)后代乳鸽各60只(公母对半)为试验对象,测定其0~28日龄体重、体尺指标,比较两种杂交后代乳鸽体重、体尺差异性与相关性,并确定优势杂交后代;利用Logistic、Gompertz和Von Bertalanffy 3种非线性生长模型对不同性别乳鸽的体重进行曲线拟合,寻求最佳生长曲线模型。结果表明:在体重与体尺指标差异性方面,OK组乳鸽优于TK组,同性别下公鸽优于母鸽;0~28日龄体重生长曲线中,除0日龄外,其余日龄OK组公、母乳鸽体重均极显著高于TK组,分别提高了9.32%、13.43%、19.24%、19.33%和16.84%、19.42%、23.04%、19.20%(P<0.01);用具优势的OK组乳鸽做生长曲线拟合分析发现,Von Bertalanffy模型拟合值更接近实测值,是OK组乳鸽的最佳生长曲线模型;体重体尺相关性分析结果显示,OK组乳鸽体重与体斜长之间具有较高相关性,因此今后可将体斜长作为OK组乳鸽选育的参考标准。研究表明,本试验条件下,欧洲肉鸽Ⅲ系与白卡奴鸽(OK组乳鸽)的杂交效果优于塔里木鸽与白卡奴鸽(TK组乳鸽)的杂交效果,且OK组乳鸽的最佳生长曲线模型为Von Bertalanffy模型。