The protective effect of carnosic acid on dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis based on metabolomics and gut microbiota analysis

Accumulating evidence suggests that the gut microbiota plays an important role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease(IBD).Carnosic acid(CA)is a major antioxidant component of rosemary and sage.Herein,we investigated the protective effects of dietary CA on dextran sodium sulfate(DSS)-induced colitis mouse model with an emphasis on its impact on the composition and metabolic function of gut microbiota.We found that CA effectively attenuated DSS-stimulated colitis in mice,as evidenced by reduced disease activity index(DAI),and systemic and colonic inflammation.Additionally,CA restored microbial diversity and improved the composition of gut microbiota in DSS-treated mice.Moreover,Spearman’s correlation coefficient showed a significant correlation between the fecal metabolites and the gut microbiota species.Changes in gut microbiota and the correlated metabolites might partially explain CA’s anti-inflammatory effects against colitis.Future clinical trials are needed to determine the therapeutic effects and mechanisms of CA on IBD in humans.

Calcium-Magnesium Ca/Mg Ratios and Their Agronomic Implications for the Optimization of Phosphate Fertilization in Rainfed Rice Farming on Acidic Ferralsol in the Forest Zone of Ivory Coast

This study is a contribution to improving rice productivity on acidic plateau soils of the tropical rainforest zone. It is based on taking into account the cationic balances of the soil in order to optimize the phosphorus (P) nutrition of rice on these acidic soils, where this nutrient constitutes a limiting factor for agricultural production. Three (3) pot trials were conducted in Adiopodoumé in the forested south of Côte d’Ivoire. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Ca ha−1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg Mg ha−1) were evaluated on the response of NERICA 5 rice at doses 0, 25, 50 and 75 kg P ha−1 of natural phosphate from Togo, applied only once at the start of the experiment. Additional fertilizers of nitrogen (N) (100 kg N ha−1) and potassium (K) (50 kg KCl ha−1) were added to each of the tests in a split-plot device. The test results revealed a paddy production potential of approximately 3 to 5 t⋅ha−1 for NERICA 5 on an acidic soil, under the effect of the interaction of P, Ca and Mg. The quadratic response of rice yield to the doses of these fertilizers would be more dependent on their balance, itself influenced by Ca nutrition. For the sustainability and maintenance of rice production in agro-ecology studied, it was recommended doses of 38 kg Ca ha−1, 34 kg Mg ha−1 in a Ca/Mg ratio (1/1) with intakes of 41 kg P ha−1, overall in a ratio 1/1/1 (P/Ca/Mg) more favorable to the availability of free iron considered a guiding element of mineral nutrition. Thus, these promising results should be confirmed in a real environment for better management of the fertilization of rice cultivated on acidic plateau soils in Côte d’Ivoire.

富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌介导生成次生高铁矿物的影响

为揭示富里酸和Ca^(2+)共存对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌(Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans)氧化酸性矿山废水(AMD)中的Fe^(2+)和形成次生高铁矿物的影响,分析了pH、Fe^(2+)氧化率、铁沉淀率以及次生高铁矿物矿相、基团等相关指标。结果表明,Ca^(2+)确实具有提高嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌氧化Fe^(2+)的能力。低质量浓度(0.2 g/L)的富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌活性的提高具有促进作用,高质量浓度(0.4 g/L)的富里酸具有抑制作用,而增加Ca^(2+)反过来能够减弱高浓度富里酸对嗜酸性氧化亚铁硫杆菌的抑制作用。对形成的次生高铁矿物进行X射线衍射(XRD)和傅立叶红外光谱(FTIR)分析,结果表明高浓度富里酸促进了另一次生高铁矿物草黄铁矾的生成。

Influence of Ca/P ratio on the catalytic performance of hydroxyapatite for decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid

Methacrylic acid,an important organic chemical,is commercially manufactured starting from fossil feedstock.The decarboxylation of itaconic acid derived for biomass is a green route to the synthesis of methacrylic acid.In view of the problems existing in the researches on this route such as use of noble metal catalyst,harsh reaction conditions and low desired-product yield,we prepared a series of hydroxyapatite catalysts with different Ca/P molar ratios and evaluated their catalytic performance.The results showed that the hydroxyapatite catalyst with a Ca/P molar ratio of 1.58 had the best catalytic activity.The highest yield of MAA up to 61.2%was achieved with basically complete conversion of itaconic acid under the suitable reaction conditions of 1 equivalent of NaOH,2 MPa of N_(2),250℃,and 2 h.On this basis,a reaction network for the decarboxylation of itaconic acid to methacrylic acid catalyzed by hydroxyapatite was established.With the aid of catalyst characterization using X-ray powder diffraction,NH3/CO2 temperature-programmed desorption,N_(2)physisorption,inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry,and scanning electron microscopy,we found that the distribution of surface acid sites and basic sites,crystal growth orientation,texture properties and morphology of hydroxyapatite varied with the Ca/P molar ratio.Furthermore,the change of the crystal growth orientation and its influence on the surface acidity and alkalinity were clarified.

CRISPR/Cas-等温扩增技术在食源性病原菌检测中的研究进展

食源性病原菌引起的食品安全事件引起广泛关注,为保证食品安全,采取有效的检测手段至关重要。新兴的簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)及其关联蛋白(CRISPR-associated protein,Cas)组成的CRISPR/Cas系统是广泛存在于细菌和古细菌中的一种获得性免疫系统,可高效、特异性识别并切割外源核酸,与传统技术相比在检测病原菌方面更为高效。本文基于CRISPR/Cas生物传感系统-等温扩增技术联用的相关研究进行综述,对CRISPR/Cas系统的分类、原理以及与等温扩增耦合后在食源性病原菌检测方面的研究进展进行概述,并对其在即时检测应用中的前景以及所面临的挑战进行深入探讨,以期为CRISPR/Cas生物传感系统的进一步发展提供参考。

High-temperature stress suppresses allene oxide cyclase 2 and causes male sterility in cotton by disrupting jasmonic acid signaling

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) yield is reduced by stress. In this study, high temperature(HT) suppressed the expression of the jasmonic acid(JA) biosynthesis gene allene oxide cyclase 2(GhAOC2), reducing JA content and causing male sterility in the cotton HT-sensitive line H05. Anther sterility was reversed by exogenous application of methyl jasmonate(MeJA) to early buds. To elucidate the role of GhAOC2 in JA biosynthesis and identify its putative contribution to the anther response to HT, we created gene knockout cotton plants using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Ghaoc2 mutant lines showed male-sterile flowers with reduced JA content in the anthers at the tetrad stage(TS), tapetum degradation stage(TDS), and anther dehiscence stage(ADS). Exogenous application of MeJA to early mutant buds(containing TS or TDS anthers) rescued the sterile pollen and indehiscent anther phenotypes, while ROS signals were reduced in ADS anthers. We propose that HT downregulates the expression of GhAOC2 in anthers, reducing JA biosynthesis and causing excessive ROS accumulation in anthers, leading to male sterility. These findings suggest exogenous JA application as a strategy for increasing male fertility in cotton under HT.

Carnosic acid类天然产物的合成研究进展

本文对Carnosic acid类天然产物的合成进行了综述。

CRISPR-Cas系统在病原核酸检测中的研究进展

CRISPR-Cas系统作为原核生物获得性免疫系统,由簇状规则间隔短回文重复序列(clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats,CRISPR)和CRISPR相关蛋白(CRISPR-associated proteins,Cas)构成,因其识别和切割特定DNA或RNA序列,而成为分子诊断领域研究的热点。研究人员利用Cas蛋白(Cas12、Cas13、Cas14、Cas3等)结合信号放大和转化技术(荧光法、电位法、比色法、侧向流动技术等),开发了许多高灵敏度、高特异性、低成本的诊断平台,为病原核酸检测提供了新途径。本文介绍了CRISPR-Cas系统的生物学机制及分类,总结现有的基于Cas蛋白反式切割活性开发的病原核酸检测技术,描述其特点、功能和应用场景,并对该系统的未来应用前景进行展望,期望CRISPR-Cas系统成为包括核酸检测在内的多靶标的理想检测平台。

CRISPR-Cas系统在病原微生物分子诊断中的研究进展

快速、灵敏、准确的病原微生物检测方法对感染性疾病的诊治及防控至关重要。基于成簇规律间隔短回文重复序列(CRISPR)-CRISPR相关蛋白(Cas)系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中具有高灵敏度和高特异度的特点,该文概述了CRISPR-Cas系统的作用机制及不同Cas的核酸酶活性,总结了基于CISPR-Cas系统的检测技术在病原微生物核酸检测中的研究现状,对该系统在核酸检测应用中的挑战进行了综合分析,并提出了目前存在的一些解决方案。目前基于CRISPR-Cas系统的非核酸分析物检测仍处于前期研究阶段,但其在扩大检测范围、缩短检测时间、提高检测灵敏度等方面具有较大潜力,为开发基于CRISPR-Cas系统的病原微生物检测平台提供新思路。

A Concise Approach to the Synthesis of Carnosic Acid Type Diterpenes

vinyl-8,11,13-podocatriene 8, which is a model of Carnosic acid type diterpenes, has been synthesized by an expeditious convergent synthetic approach.

Cancer combination therapy with carnosic acid

Carnosic acid(CA)is a natural phenolic diterpene mainly occurring in some species of the Lamiaceae family.Numerous studies described the cytotoxicity of CA towards different types of cancer both in vitro and in vivo.Particularly,the influence of CA in combination with other drugs,vitamins or natural products through affecting various targets has raised interest.Current experimental in vivo data suggested that CA may cooperate with clinically used anticancer drugs promoting their activity against cancer.From this point of view,CA gained importance,because it may alter pharmacodynamic profiles of various agents in the case of their co-administration,and thereby,act in a potentially synergistic manner,which can provide a basis for potential applications of CA in the management of cancer.In the present review,we give an overview of CA as well as CA co-treatment regimens with a special focus on cancer.In this context,the role of CA as an adjuvant treatment alternative is highlighted.

Effects of Calcium and Magnesium on Phosphorus Availability in Ferralsols and Rice Production in Forest Zones of Côte d’Ivoire

Phosphorus bioavailability has long been a recurring problem in tropical acid soils. A pot experiment was carried out during three (3) successive rice production cycles at Adiopodoumé to evaluate the response of the NERICA 5 rice accession to various doses of calcium, magnesium and phosphorous. The experiment was conducted using a randomized split-plot design. The interactive effects of calcium carbonate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Ca·ha-1) and magnesium sulfate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·Mg·ha-1) and Togo natural phosphate (0, 25, 50 and 75 kg·P·ha-1) were determined at each production cycle. The results showed that single-dose natural phosphate supplementation for three cropping cycles resulted in an average enrichment of around 2 mg·P·kg-1 after each trial following its continuous dissolution, with an increase in DSP (33.31% to 70.52%). The study revealed one strategy for managing and enhancing native P with cations and another for exogenous P: there would be a synergy of Ca/Mg on native P, whereas an antagonism would characterize the two parameters in phosphate fertilization.

酪氨酸激酶抑制剂对cyclopiazoni cacid引起的大鼠主动脉血管环收缩效应的影响

目的 探讨酪氨酸激酶在Ca2 +池操纵性Ca2 +内流中的作用。方法 记录大鼠胸主动脉环收缩反应。结果 ①不同剂量酪氨酸激酶抑制剂 genistein (1～ 10 0 μmol·L-1)和tyrphostin 2 5 (Tyr 2 5 ,1～ 30 μmol·L-1)均以浓度依赖性抑制cyclopiazonicacid (CPA)引起的平滑肌收缩平台期。Tyr 2 5的最大作用浓度为 10 μmol·L-1,抑制率为 42 %±11%。② 10 μmol·L-1Tyr 2 5和 1μmol·L-1nifedipine(Nif)对CPA引起电压依赖性Ca2 +通道 (VDCC)开放过程的抑制作用存在部分交叉。③ 1μmol·L-1Nif预处理阻断VDCC作用后 ,10 μmol·L-1Tyr 2 5只能部分阻断CPA引起的Ca2 +池操纵性Ca2 +通道 (SOCC)开放过程 ,再加入 6 0 μmol·L-1SK&F96 36 5可完全阻断SOCC的开放过程。结论 CPA引起平滑肌的收缩过程中 。

CRISPR-Cas13a检测在肺结核诊断中的价值

目的:评价应用CRISPR-Cas13a检测临床样本对肺结核的诊断价值。方法:采用回顾性研究方法,收集首都医科大学附属北京胸科医院2022年9月至2022年12月收治住院的102例经GeneXpert MTB/RIF检测(简称“Xpert检测”)确诊的肺结核患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本,作为结核病组;收集同期收治入院的100例非结核病患者(包括肺癌,细菌性肺炎,支气管扩张,慢性阻塞性肺疾病)的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本,作为非结核病组。所有患者的支气管肺泡灌洗液标本均进行涂片抗酸杆菌染色镜检、培养、Xpert检测及CRISPR-Cas13a检测。以Xpert检测结果为参照,评价CRISPR-Cas13a检测支气管肺泡灌洗液对肺结核的诊断价值。结果:结核病组102份标本中,CRISPR-Cas13a检测阳性为99份(97.1%),涂片阳性40份(39.2%),培养阳性68份(66.7%)。CRISPR-Cas13a检测阳性率明显高于涂片和培养法,差异有统计学意义(涂片:χ^(2)=58.141,P<0.001;培养:χ^(2)=30.250,P<0.001)。与传统检测方法相比,CRISPR-Cas13a比涂片和培养法多检测出28份标本。Xpert检测结核病组阳性率为100.0%;Xpert检测非结核病组阴性率为100.0%。以Xpert检测结果作为参照,CRISPR-Cas13a检测肺结核的敏感度为97.1%(99/102)、特异度为96.0%(96/100),准确度为96.5%(195/202),阳性预测值为96.1%(99/103),阴性预测值为97.0%(96/99)。结论:CRISPR-Cas13a检测与传统方法相比简单、快捷,检测支气管肺泡灌洗液对肺结核的诊断具有较高敏感度及特异度,具有良好的应用前景。

不同饱和度十八碳脂肪酸钠作为捕收剂浮选Ca^(2+)活化石英

这是一篇矿物加工工程领域的论文。以不同饱和度硬脂酸钠,油酸钠,亚油酸钠为捕收剂对Ca^(2+)活化石英进行了浮选实验研究。浮选实验表明亚油酸钠对Ca^(2+)活化石英具有较好的捕收剂能力,油酸钠次之,而硬脂酸钠几乎没有捕收能力。通过Zeta电位、红外光谱、游离Ca^(2+)浓度测定,表面张力测定,对Ca^(2+)活化石英不同浮选行为的机理进行了研究。Zeta电位研究表明,亚油酸钠使Ca^(2+)活化石英表面电位向负方向移动较多,油酸钠次之,硬脂酸钠对石英表面电位改变较小;红外光谱测试表明,三种脂肪酸钠均能够与矿物表面Ca^(2+)反应生产脂肪酸钙,说明化学反应发生;三种脂肪酸钠与Ca^(2+)反应后溶液游离Ca^(2+)浓度测试和表面张力测试表明,三种脂肪酸钠抗硬水离子能力分别为亚油酸钠>油酸钠>硬脂酸钠。三种脂肪酸钠的抗硬水能力的差异性,以及由此而引起的矿物表面电位和溶液表面张力的差异性,是引起三种脂肪酸钠捕收能力差异性的原因。

基于CRISPR/Cas的分子诊断传感器在非核酸分子诊断中的应用

CRISPR/Cas不仅是一种重要的基因编辑工具,而且还是一种有效的分子诊断工具。目前基于CRISPR/Cas建立了一系列的分子诊断传感器系统,广泛应用于核酸、非核酸等检测过程中。与应用较广泛的核酸分子诊断传感器系统相比,基于CRISPR/Cas的非核酸检测系统目前尚未见系统性综述,因此本文围绕基于CRISPR/Cas12和CRISPR/Cas13建立的两大类非核酸分子传感器诊断系统的基本特征、工作流程及其检测原理等进行了全面综述,期望能为CRISPR/Cas分子诊断系统在体外诊断中的应用提供依据。

Chromoendoscopy of gastric adenoma using an acetic acid indigocarmine mixture

AIM:To investigate the usefulness of chromoendoscopy,using an acetic acid indigocarmine mixture(AIM),for gastric adenoma diagnosed by forceps biopsy.METHODS:A total of 54 lesions in 45 patients diagnosed as gastric adenoma by forceps biopsy were prospectively enrolled in this study and treated by endoscopic submucosal dissection(ESD)between January 2011 and January 2012.AIM-chromoendoscopy(AIMCE)was performed followed by ESD.AIM solution was sprinkled and images were recorded every 30 s for 3min.Clinical characteristics such as tumor size(<2cm,≥2 cm),surface color in white light endoscopy(WLE)(whitish,normochromic or reddish),macroscopic appearance(flat or elevated,depressed),and reddish change in AIM-CE were selected as valuables.RESULTS:En bloc resection was achieved in all 54 cases,with curative resection of fifty two lesions(96.3%).Twenty three lesions(42.6%)were diagnosed as welldifferentiated adenocarcinoma and the remaining 31lesions(57.4%)were gastric adenoma.All adenocarcinoma lesions were well-differentiated tubular adenocarcinomas and were restricted within the mucosal layer.The sensitivity of reddish color change in AIM-CE is significantly higher than that in WLE(vs tumor size≥2 cm,P=0.016,vs normochromic or reddish surface color,P=0.046,vs depressed macroscopic type,P=0.0030).On the other hand,no significant differences were found in the specificity and accuracy.In univariate analysis,normochromic or reddish surface color in WLE(OR=3.7,95%CI:1.2-12,P=0.022)and reddish change in AIM-CE(OR=14,95%CI:3.8-70,P<0.001)were significantly related to diagnosis of early gastric cancer(EGC).In multivariate analysis,only reddish change in AIM-CE(OR=11,95%CI:2.3-66,P=0.0022)was a significant factor associated with diagnosis of EGC.CONCLUSION:AIM-CE may have potential for screening EGC in patients initially diagnosed as gastric adenoma by forceps biopsy.

Effect of electroacupuncture on glial fibrillary acidic protein and nerve growth factor in the hippocampus of rats with hyperlipidemia and middle cerebral artery thrombus

Electroacupuncture(EA)has been shown to reduce blood lipid level and improve cerebral ischemia in rats with hyperlipemia complicated by cerebral ischemia.However,there are few studies on the results and mechanism of the effect of EA in reducing blood lipid level or promoting neural repair after stroke in hyperlipidemic subjects.In this study,EA was applied to a rat model of hyperlipidemia and middle cerebral artery thrombosis and the condition of neurons and astrocytes after hippocampal injury was assessed.Except for the normal group,rats in other groups were fed a high-fat diet throughout the whole experiment.Hyperlipidemia models were established in rats fed a high-fat diet for 6 weeks.Middle cerebral artery thrombus models were induced by pasting 50%FeCl3 filter paper on the left middle cerebral artery for 20 minutes on day 50 as the model group.EA1 group rats received EA at bilateral ST40(Fenglong)for 7 days before the thrombosis.Rats in the EA1 and EA2 groups received EA at GV20(Baihui)and bilateral ST40 for 14 days after model establishment.Neuronal health was assessed by hematoxylin-eosin staining in the brain.Hyperlipidemia was assessed by biochemical methods that measured total cholesterol,triglyceride,low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein in blood sera.Behavioral analysis was used to confirm the establishment of the model.Immunohistochemical methods were used to detect the expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein and nerve growth factor in the hippocampal CA1 region.The results demonstrated that,compared with the model group,blood lipid levels significantly decreased,glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivity was significantly weakened and nerve growth factor immunoreactivity was significantly enhanced in the EA1 and EA2 groups.The repair effect was superior in the EA1 group than in the EA2 group.These findings confirm that EA can reduce blood lipid,inhibit glial fibrillary acidic protein expression and promote nerve growth factor expression in the hippocampal CA1 region after hyperlipidemia and middle cerebral artery thrombosis.All experimental procedures and protocols were approved by the Animal Use and Management Committee of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,China(approval No.BUCM-3-2018022802-1002)on April 12,2018.

Targeted mutagenesis of amino acid transporter genes for rice quality improvement using the CRISPR/Cas9 system

High grain protein content(GPC) reduces rice eating and cooking quality(ECQ). We generated OsAAP6 and OsAAP10 knockout mutants in three high-yielding japonica varieties and one japonica line using the CRISPR/Cas9 system. Mutation efficiency varied with genetic background in the T_0 generation, and GPC in the T_1 generation decreased significantly,owing mainly to a reduction in glutelin content. Amylose content was down-regulated significantly in some Osaap6 and all Osaap10 mutants. The increased taste value of these mutants was supported by Rapid Visco Analysis(RVA) profiles, which showed higher peak viscosity and breakdown viscosity and lower setback viscosity than the wild type. There were no significant deficiencies in agronomic traits of the mutants. Targeted mutagenesis of OsAAP6 and OsAAP10, especially OsAAP10, using the CRISPR/Cas9 system can rapidly reduce GPC and improve ECQ of rice, providing a new strategy for the breeding cultivars with desired ECQ.

Effects of Acetylsalicylic Acid and Calcium Chloride on Photosynthetic Apparatus and Reactive Oxygen-Scavenging Enzymes in Chrysanthemum Under Low Temperature Stress with Low Light

The effects of acetylsalicylic acid （ASA）, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 on the photosynthetic apparatus and antioxidant enzyme activities were investigated in chrysanthemum Jinba （a cut flower cultivar） under low temperature stress with low light （TL stress） （16/12℃, day/night, PFD 100 μmol m^-2 s-1）. The results showed that under TL stress, the net photosynthesis rate （Pn）, carboxylation efficiency （CE）, apparent quantum yield （AQY）, maximal photochemical efficiency （Fv/Fm） of PSII, quantum yield of PSII electron transport （ФPSII）, and photochemical quenching （qP） of the chrysanthemum leaves in all treatments were significantly decreased, but the decreases were alleviated by ASA, CaCl2, and ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatments compared with the controls. The alleviating effect of ASA ＋ CaCI2 was better than either ASA or CaCl2 single treatment. Moreover, the ASA ＋ CaCl2 treatment highly improved the chlorophyll content, relatively improved the number and size of chloroplast and starch grain in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants compared with ASA and CaCl2 treatments. It was indicated that ASA and/or CaCI2 could regulate the photosynthetic functions in the leaves of chrysanthemum plants to enhance the resistance against TL stress. On the other hand, reduction in relative conductance rate implied that ASA and/ or CaCl2 could protect from membrane injury in leaves of chrysanthemum plants. The activities of SOD, POD, and CAT in the treated leaves of chrysanthemum were increased as compared with the controls. It was suggested that ASA and/or CaCl2 had positive regulation effects on the defence enzyme activities in chrysanthemum leaves which could protect the photosynthetic apparatus to a certain degree under the TL stress. In brief, the treatment of ASA together with CaCl2 was better for chrysanthemum plants to adapt TL stress than single ASA or CaCl2 treatments.