Predictive Value of Carotid-femoral Pulse Wave Velocity for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events and All-cause Mortality in Different Age Groups of a Chinese Community

Objective:To investigate the predictive value of carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity(cf-Pw)for assessing major adverse cardiovascular events(MACE)and all-cause mortality in different age groups of a Chinese community.Methods:This is an observational study which enrolled 1,325 individuals from a community in Beijing from September 2007 to October 2018.They were classified based on age into<65-year-old(n=572)and≥65-year-old(n=753)groups,and on cf-PWV into cf-PWV<12 m/s(n=501)and cf-PWV≥12 m/s(n=824)group.The incidence rates of MACE and all-cause mortality were recorded for both the groups during the follow-up period of 9.5 years.The predictive value of cf-PWV for MACE and all-cause mortality in the 2 age groups was estimated using the Cox proportional hazards regression models.Results:The baseline cf-PWV showed positive correlation with age(r=0.462,P<0.001).During the follow-up period,191 MACE and 84 all-cause mortality cases were recorded in the study population.The incidence rates of MACE(χ^(2)=27.196,P<0.001)and all-cause mortality(χ^(2)=9.473,P=0.002)were significantly higher in subjects with cf-PWV≥12 m/s than in subjects with cf-PWV<12 m/s.Cox proportional hazards regression model analyses demonstrated that cf-PWV was an independent risk factor in the<65-year-old group for MACE(hazard ratio:1.310;95%confidence interval:1.007-1.560;P=0.038)and all-cause mortality(hazard ratio:1.412;95%confidence interval:1.133-1.936;P=0.005)after adjusting for several risk factors.However,both univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that cf-PWV was not an independent risk factor for MACE or all-cause mortality in the≥65-year-old group(P>0.05).Conclusion:cf-PWV,a measure of arterial stifness,emerged as an independent risk factor for MACE and all-cause mortality insubjectsbelow65yearsofage.

Pilot study on the effect of flavonoids on arterial stiffness and oxidative stress in chronic kidney disease

BACKGROUND Flavonoids,the main class of polyphenols,exhibit antioxidant and antihypertensive properties.AIM To prospectively investigate the impact of flavonoids on arterial stiffness in patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD)stagesⅠ-Ⅳ.METHODS In this prospective,single-arm study,CKD patients with arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus were enrolled.Baseline demographic,clinical,and laboratory variables were recorded.Patients received daily treatment with a phenol-rich dietary supplement for 3 months.Blood pressure,arterial stiffness(carotidfemoral pulse wave velocity,central pulse pressure),and oxidative stress markers(protein carbonyls,total phenolic compound,total antioxidant capacity)were measured at baseline and at study end.RESULTS Sixteen patients(mean age:62.5 years,87.5%male)completed the study.Following intervention,peripheral systolic blood pressure decreased significantly by 14 mmHg(P<0.001).Carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity decreased from 8.9 m/s(baseline)to 8.2 m/s(study end)(P<0.001),and central pulse pressure improved from 59 mmHg to 48 mmHg(P=0.003).Flavonoids also reduced oxidative stress markers including protein carbonyls(P<0.001),total phenolic compound(P=0.001),and total antioxidant capacity(P=0.013).CONCLUSION Flavonoid supplementation in CKD patients shows promise in improving blood pressure,arterial stiffness,and oxidative stress markers.

Effect of Short-Term Whole-Body Vibration Training on Metabolic Risk Factors, Inflammatory Markers, and Arterial Stiffness

To investigate the effect of aerobic exercise combined with whole-body vibration (WBV) training on metabolic syndrome risk, and inflammatory markers, and to compare its effects on arterial stiffness and several blood parameters related to metabolic syndrome with those of aerobic training alone. Thirty healthy participants were divided into 2 groups matched for age and body mass index (BMI). Fifteen subjects were assigned to the WBV group (WBV + aerobic training) and the other 15 to the control group (aerobic training only). All participants performed a treadmill exercise 3 days/week for 4 weeks, for 50 min after 30 min rest period. Exercise was performed at a heart rate (HR) corresponding to 60% of the HR at each individual’s maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max). Body weight and BMI after training were significantly lower than those before training in the WBV group (P < 0.01). Concerning arterial stiffness, the pulse-wave velocity after training was significantly lower than that before training in the WBV group (1048.7 ± 105.6 vs. 1008.4 ± 101.1 cm/s, P < 0.05). Meanwhile, the VO2max after training was significantly higher than that before training in the WBV group (47.7 ± 12.8 vs. 51.4 ± 14.1 mL·min-1·kg-1, P < 0.01). However, no significant differences were observed in any parameters before and after training in the control group. Our results suggest that aerobic exercise combined with WBV training may be effective in reducing arterial stiffness and improving cardiorespiratory fitness than aerobic training alone.