Experimental Study of Air Layer Drag Reduction with Bottom Cavity for A Bulk Carrier Ship Model

Air lubrication by means of a bottom cavity is a promising method for ship drag reduction. The characteristics of the bottom cavity are sensitive to the flow field around the ship hull and the effect of drag reduction, especially the depth of the bottom cavity. In this study, a ship model experiment of a bulk carrier is conducted in a towing tank using the method of air layer drag reduction (ALDR) with different bottom cavity depths. The shape of the air layer is observed, and the changes in resistance are measured. The model experiments produce results of approximately 20% for the total drag reduction at the ship design speed for a 25-mm cavity continuously supplied with air at Cq = 0.224 in calm water, and the air layer covers the whole cavity when the air flow rate is suitable. In a regular head wave, the air layer is easily broken and reduces the drag reduction rate in short waves, particularly when λ/Lw1 is close to one;however, it still has a good drag reduction effect in the long waves.

Some Insights in Novel Risk Modeling of Liquefied Natural Gas Carrier Maintenance Operations

这研究在海上的环境讨论各种各样的当模特儿的途径和对液化天然气(LNG ) 搬运人操作适用的维护技术的分析。各种各样的新奇建模技术被讨论；包括基因算法，模糊逻辑并且证据的推理。我们也在风险评价并且维护建模的区域在 LNG 搬运人工业识别这些算法的实用性。

Non-Overlapping Conditions to Enable Multi- Dimensional Behavioral Models/DPDs for Multi-Band or Non-Continuous Carrier Aggregation Systems

To linearize the multi.band PAs/transmitters, a serial of multi.band predistortion models based on multi.dimensional architecture have been proposed. However, most of these models work properly only for the signals whose harmonic and intermodulation products of carriers' non.overlap with the interested fundamental bands. In this paper, the non.overlapping conditions for dual.band and tri.band signals are derived and denoted in the form of closed.form expression. It can be used to verify whether a given dual.band/multi.band signals can be linearized properly by these multi.dimensional behavioral models. Also the conditions can be used to plan the frequency spacing and maximum bandwidth of a multi.band or non.continuous carrier aggregation signal. Several dual.band and triband signals were tested on the same PA, by employing 2.D DPD and 3.D DPD behavioral models. The measurement results show that the signals which don't satisfy the non.overlapping conditions cannot be linearized well by the multi.dimensional behavioral models which does not take the harmonic and intermodulation products of carriers' into account.

Hot carrier degradation and a new lifetime prediction model in ultra-deep sub-micron pMOSFET

The hot carrier effect （HCE） of an ultra-deep sub-micron p-channel metal–oxide semiconductor field-effect transistor （pMOSFET） is investigated in this paper. Experiments indicate that the generation of positively charged interface states is the predominant mechanism in the case of the ultra-deep sub-micron pMOSFET. The relation of the pMOSFET hot carrier degradation to stress time （t）, channel width （W ）, channel length （L）, and stress voltage （Vd ） is then discussed. Based on the relation, a lifetime prediction model is proposed, which can predict the lifetime of the ultra-deep sub-micron pMOSFET accurately and reflect the influence of the factors on hot carrier degradation directly.

Winning Probability Estimation Based on Improved Bradley-Terry Model and Bayesian Network for Aircraft Carrier Battle

To provide a decision-making aid for aircraft carrier battle,the winning probability estimation based on Bradley-Terry model and Bayesian network is presented. Firstly,the armed forces units of aircraft carrier are classified into three types,which are aircraft,ship and submarine. Then,the attack ability value and defense ability value for each type of armed forces are estimated by using BP neural network,whose training results of sample data are consistent with the estimation results. Next,compared the assessment values through an improved Bradley-Terry model and constructed a Bayesian network to do the global assessment,the winning probabilities of both combat sides are obtained. Finally,the winning probability estimation for a navy battle is given to illustrate the validity of the proposed scheme.

高速低载频比传感信号下的逆变器有源阻尼自适应控制

逆变器工作在高频运行和控制载波比低的情况下,存在谐振尖峰抑制,提出了高速低载频比传感信号下的逆变器有源阻尼自适应控制技术。在高速低载频比传感信号下,构建逆变器数学模型。输出电流到电容电压与定子电流之间的传递函数,将逆变器的有源阻尼等效成一个控制电压环。调整有源阻尼自适应控制回路的参数,制定逆变器有源阻尼自适应控制策略。实验结果表明:文中技术的稳定裕度由2.46 dB下降至1.18 dB,可以保证逆变器的稳定运行;在不同采样频率下,可以控制逆变器输出与电网电压相同相位和频率的并网电流,其中在采样频率为5.9f时,输出并网电流和电压均表现为正弦状态,波动范围分别为[35 A,58 A]和[185 V,225 V],具有较好的控制效果。

Mesh model building and migration and accumulation simulation of 3D hydrocarbon carrier system

Migration and accumulation simulation of oil and gas in carrier systems has always been a difficult subject in the quantitative study of petroleum geology. In view of the fact that the traditional geological modeling technology can not establish the interrelation of carriers in three dimensional space, we have proposed a hybrid-dimensional mesh modeling technology consisting of body(stratum), surfaces(faults and unconformities), lines and points, which provides an important research method for the description of geometry of sand bodies, faults and unconformities, the 3 D geological modeling of complex tectonic areas, and the simulation of hydrocarbon migration and accumulation. Furthermore, we have advanced a 3 D hydrocarbon migration pathway tracking method based on the hybrid-dimensional mesh of the carrier system. The application of this technology in western Luliang Uplift of Junggar Basin shows that the technology can effectively characterize the transport effect of fault planes, unconformities and sand bodies, indicate the hydrocarbon migration pathways, simulate the process of oil accumulation, reservoir adjustment and secondary reservoir formation, predict the hydrocarbon distribution. It is found through the simulation that the areas around the paleo-oil reservoir and covered by migration pathways are favorable sites for oil and gas distribution.

基于大数据的激光通信光纤时延波动测量仿真

空间激光通信光纤的传输频带宽、距离远且通信容量大,但是易受环境温度和激光器波长影响出现时延波动问题。为解决以上问题,提出基于大数据的空间激光通信光纤时延波动测量方法。构建光载波传输模型,分析光纤时延波动的影响因素。采用大数据技术测量时延波动,获得其初始测量值,通过卡尔曼滤波方法处理并提高测量值的精度,完成空间激光通信光纤时延波动的精准测量。实验结果表明,空间激光通信光纤距离不断增加时,时延波动量不断增大,研究方法测量结果与实际值具有较高拟合度,且对时延波动的跟踪精度高,不确定度保持在10ps以内。

低载波比下永磁同步电机电流环内模解耦控制

电机高速或低开关频率运行时呈现低载波比运行特征,会加重定子电流在两相旋转坐标系下的耦合程度,严重时会导致电流环失稳。为有效提升永磁同步电机(PMSM)低载波比运行时的电流控制效果,在电流环复矢量建模的基础上,引入数字和角度延时表征低载波比运行影响。针对传统解耦控制方法的不足,设计适用于PMSM低载波比运行的电流内模解耦控制方法,深入对比分析不同解耦控制方法的性能。实验结果表明,所研究的电流内模解耦控制方法不仅能在低载波比时具有良好的电流解耦控制性能,而且在定子电感参数失配时具备良好的控制鲁棒性。

基于深度强化学习的移动通信网载波调整算法

为解决如何准确、及时地对移动通信网络扇区进行载波调整的问题,提出了一种基于深度强化学习的扇区扩(减)容算法。采用Model-based强化学习方法,建立了容量指标概率动态模型的多模型组合,利用真实环境的历史数据对模型进行训练,并在此基础上构建了虚拟环境。然后用神经网络构建智能体,并使之与虚拟环境互动,采用短展开技术,产生虚拟样本。最后利用虚拟样本,采用DQN算法对智能体进行策略优化,使其给出扇区扩(减)容操作的建议。实验结果表明,训练后的智能体给出的载波调整建议,达到了较高的正确率。

基于改进遗传算法的舰载机弹药挂载调度

舰载机弹药挂载工作是舰载机弹药保障中的一个重要环节,传统的舰载机弹药挂载调度通常忽略工作中存在的约束。针对该问题,分析了弹药挂载工作中存在的约束条件,以所有舰载机弹药挂载时间之和为优化目标,建立了考虑舰载机起始挂载时间不同和弹药挂载空间约束的舰载机弹药挂载调度模型,并提出了一种基于染色体片段编码的改进遗传算法,避免了大量不可行解的产生,提高了算法求解效率。仿真分析验证了所提模型与算法所得弹药挂载调度方案的可行性。

Physics-based analysis and simulation model of electromagnetic interference induced soft logic upset in CMOS inverter

The instantaneous reversible soft logic upset induced by the electromagnetic interference（EMI） severely affects the performances and reliabilities of complementary metal–oxide–semiconductor（CMOS） inverters. This kind of soft logic upset is investigated in theory and simulation. Physics-based analysis is performed, and the result shows that the upset is caused by the non-equilibrium carrier accumulation in channels, which can ultimately lead to an abnormal turn-on of specific metal–oxide–semiconductor field-effect transistor（MOSFET） in CMOS inverter. Then a soft logic upset simulation model is introduced. Using this model, analysis of upset characteristic reveals an increasing susceptibility under higher injection powers, which accords well with experimental results, and the influences of EMI frequency and device size are studied respectively using the same model. The research indicates that in a range from L waveband to C waveband, lower interference frequency and smaller device size are more likely to be affected by the soft logic upset.

A Study on the Effects of Carrier Gases on the Structure and Morphology of Carbon Nanotubes Prepared by Pyrolysis of Ferrocene and C_2H_2 Mixture

Carbon nanotubes （CNTs） were prepared using different carrier gases, with ferrocene as the catalyst precusor and acetylene as the carbon source. The effects of ammonia and nitrogen as carrier gases on the structure and morphology of CNTs were investigated. Transmission electron microscope （TEM）, high-resolution electron microscope （HRTEM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM） and X-ray diffraction （XRD） were employed to characterize the products and the catalyst. Experiment results show that the CNTs grown in N2 gas exhibited cylindrical and tubular structure, while a bamboo-like structure was observed for the CNTs grown in NH3 gas. Moreover, vertically aligned CNTs were obtained on an A12O3 disk when NH3 was used as the carrier gas. The carrier gas also exerted influence on the shape of the catalyst. Based on the theory of active centers of catalysis and combined with the particle shape of the catalyst, a growth model for the vertically aligned CNTs on the substrate is given.

Estimation of Springing Response for 550 000 DWT Ore Carrier

The desire to benefit from economy of scale is one of the major driving forces behind the continuous growth in ship sizes. However, models of new large ships need to be thoroughly investigated to determine the carrier's response in waves. In this work, experimental and numerical assessments of the motion and load response of a 550,000 DWT ore carrier are performed using prototype ships with softer stiffness, and towing tank tests are conducted using a segmented model with two schemes of softer stiffness. Numerical analyses are performed employing both rigid body and linear hydroelasticity theories using an in-house program and a comparison is then made between experimental and numerical results to establish the influence of stiffness on the ore carrier's springing response. Results show that softer stiffness models can be used when studying the springing response of ships in waves.

Optimal Preview Control for Automatic Carrier Landing System of Carrier-Based Aircraft with Air Wake

Carrier-based aircraft carrier landing is a special kind of tracking control problem and not suitable for classical control methods,which may miss the desired performance or result in overdesign.Therefore,we present an optimal preview control for automatic carrier landing system(ACLS)by using state information of system,as well as future reference information,which can avoid the shortcomings of classical control methods.Since the flight performance of carrier-based aircraft is disturbed by air wake when the aircraft flies near the area of carrier stern,we design a disturbance rejection strategy to ensure that aircraft track the glide path with high precision and robustness.Further,carrier-based aircraft is a complex nonlinear system.However,the nonlinear model of carrier-based aircraft can be linearized at equilibrium landing state and decoupled into the longitudinal model and the lateral model.Therefore,an optimal preview control system is designed.The simulation results of a carrier-based aircraft show that the optimal preview control system can effectively suppress air wake.Tracking accuracy of optimal preview controller is higher than that of the proportional integral differential(PID)control system.

铁基载氧体的沼气化学链燃烧反应动力学研究

化学链技术能够实现碳基燃料燃烧所释放的CO_(2)的全捕获,可为我国早日实现“双碳”目标提供一种全新的视角。首先理论推导得到铁基载氧体CH_(4)还原反应的改进动力学模型;对Fe_(2)O_(3)与CH_(4)之间的反应系统进行了热力学计算,为后续反应操作温度的选择提供理论指导;在固定床反应器中通过改变混合气流速,研究外扩散对反应过程的影响,当气体流速达到180 mL·min^(-1)以后,表观反应速率不再增加,表明外扩散影响消除;在消除外扩散及灰尘扩散影响的前提下进行表面反应动力学测定,回归获得反应活化能E=147.574 kJ·mol^(-1)和指前因子k0=6.3995×10^(7) s^(-1),并建立了表面反应动力学方程式;在温度为680℃时,延长反应时间至1 h,反应不再进行,据此确定对应于该温度下的反应的固体产物,该固体产物以Fe_(2)O_(3)·nFeO形式虚拟表示,进而获得虚拟反应计量系数;通过对反应时间与载氧体Fe_(2)O_(3)转化率之间关系的研究,对反应模型进行了筛选,获得最优反应动力学模型,其中包含3个模型参数:虚拟组成比n=8,灰层扩散系数De=1.0841×10^(-9)m^(2)·s^(-1),表面反应速率常数(680℃)ks=5.576×10^(3) m·s^(-1),由于温度对De的影响一般不大,该优化反应动力学模型适应于变温条件。

一种快速准确的大功率IGBT建模方法

高压大功率绝缘栅双极晶体管(insulated gate bipolar transistor,IGBT)的准确建模对IGBT应用中的损耗计算、机理分析、骚扰特性预测有重要意义。基区载流子分布计算是IGBT建模的核心内容,对于计及不同注入条件下大功率IGBT载流子分布计算,现有模型存在计算量大或精度低等缺点。文中首先研究大功率IGBT工作过程中基区载流子的分布特性,然后,以准静态和非准静态条件下基区载流子分布的差异性为突破口提出一种快速、准确、适用于大功率IGBT的建模方法。依据器件内基区耗尽层的边界是处于栅极区域附近还是越过栅极区域,该方法将IGBT工作状态分为两部分,并分别基于准静态假设和非准静态假设对两部分建模。由此可在不失精度的情况下避免载流子二维分布计算,有效地减小在计及不同注入条件下的计算量。最后,通过与现有方法和试验对比,验证所提方法在精度和计算速度方面的优势。

多能源互补分布式能源系统集成研究综述及展望

分布式能源系统是能源革命发展的重要载体和推进手段,将在未来能源体系中占据重要地位;同时多能源互补是其发展的主要方向和关键特征,开展多能源互补分布式能源系统相关研究对我国的能源转型具有重要的意义。该文从资源量化表征与需求预测、多能流建模、系统集成与规划、运行优化与主动能量调控、以及能源系统综合评价等5个方面对多能源互补分布式能源系统集成的发展现状进行分析,探讨未来可能的发展趋势和面临的挑战,为多能互补分布式能源系统未来基础及应用研究和行业发展提供一定的参考和建议。

GNSS载波相位精密时间传递数据处理技术综述

精密时间传递是时频领域最为基础的工作之一,在科技、经济、军事和社会生活中具有重要作用.全球卫星导航系统(GNSS)因其众多优势成为精密时间传递的重要手段,尤其是近些年发展的基于高精度载波相位观测值的时间传递技术成为GNSS时频领域的研究热点.本文对GNSS载波相位精密时间传递相关的研究进行了全面总结,对其数据处理涉及的观测模型、模糊度处理方法进行了归纳阐述,对精准性、一致性、稳健性、连续性、实时性、完好性等技术进行了探讨,并指出该领域未来应该重点解决非差与差分处理模型统一性、不同机理融合时间服务统一性和天空地海地下时间服务无缝性问题.

Distributed link scheduling method with physical interference model in wireless multi-hop networks

To further increase the throughput of wireless multi-hop networks,a distributed scheduling method is proposed,which takes physical interference model into account.It is assumed that nodes in the network can perform physical carrier sensing,and the carrier sensing range can be set to different values.In the traditional carrier sensing mechanism,the carrier sensing range is computed under the protocol interference model,which is not accurate.Here the optimal carrier sensing range with physical interference model is achieved.Each sending node implements the distributed approach in three phases at each time slot,and all the concurrent transmissions are interference free.Good performance can be achieved under this scheduling approach.The approximation ratio of the distributed method to the optimal one is also proved.