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Vertical plane depth-resolved surface potential and carrier separation characteristics in flexible CZTSSe solar cells with over 12% efficiency
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作者 Dae-Ho Son Ha Kyung Park +11 位作者 Dae-Hwan Kim Jin-Kyu Kang Shi-Joon Sung Dae-Kue Hwang Jaebaek Lee Dong-Hwan Jeon Yunae Cho William Jo Taeseon Lee JunHo Kim Sang-Hoon Nam Kee-Jeong Yang 《Carbon Energy》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第3期36-52,共17页
Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome... Cu2ZnSn(S,Se)4(CZTSSe)solar cells have resource distribution and economic advantages.The main cause of their low efficiency is carrier loss resulting from recombination of photo-generated electron and hole.To overcome this,it is important to understand their electron-hole behavior characteristics.To determine the carrier separation characteristics,we measured the surface potential and the local current in terms of the absorber depth.The elemental variation in the intragrains(IGs)and at the grain boundaries(GBs)caused a band edge shift and bandgap(Eg)change.At the absorber surface and subsurface,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure was observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was improved.At the absorber center,both upward Ec and Ev and downward Ec-upward Ev band bending structures were observed at the GBs,and the carrier separation was degraded.To improve the carrier separation and suppress carrier recombination,an upward Ec and Ev band bending structure at the GBs is desirable. 展开更多
关键词 carrier separation CZTSSe flexible solar cell local current surface potential
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Clinical Analysis and Mental Health Survey of Hemophilia Carriers:a Cross-sectional Study
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作者 Wen WANG Li-juan JIANG +4 位作者 Dong-yan CUI Ai ZHANG Xiong WANG Ai-guo LIU Qun HU 《Current Medical Science》 SCIE CAS 2024年第2期435-440,共6页
Objective:Hemophilia carriers(HCs),who are heterozygous for mutations in the clotting factor VIII/clotting factor IX gene(F8 or F9),may have a wide range of clotting factor levels,from very low,similar to afflicted ma... Objective:Hemophilia carriers(HCs),who are heterozygous for mutations in the clotting factor VIII/clotting factor IX gene(F8 or F9),may have a wide range of clotting factor levels,from very low,similar to afflicted males,to the upper limit of normal,and may experience mental health issues.The purpose of this study was to provide genetic information on mothers of hemophilia patients and to understand the clotting factor activity and phenotype of HCs.Additionally,we aimed to investigate the mental health status of HCs in China.Methods:A total of 127 hemophilia mothers,including 93 hemophilia A(HA)mothers and 34 hemophilia B(HB)mothers,were enrolled in this study.Long distance PCR,multiplex PCR,and Sanger sequencing were used to analyze mutations in F8 or F9.Coagulation factor activity was detected by a one-stage clotting assay.The Symptom Checklist 90(SCL-90,China/Mandarin version)was given to HCs at the same time to assess their mental health.Results:A total of 90.6%of hemophilia mothers were diagnosed genetically as carriers,with inversion in intron 22 and missense mutations being the most common mutation types in HA and HB carriers,respectively.The median clotting factor level in carriers was 0.74 IU/mL(ranging from 0.09 to 1.74 IU/mL)compared with 1.49 IU/mL(ranging from 0.93 to 1.89 IU/mL)in noncarriers,of which 14.3%of HCs had clotting factor levels of 0.40 IU/mL or below.A total of 53.8%(7/13)of HA carriers with low clotting factor levels(less than 0.50 IU/mL)had a history of bleeding,while none of the HB carriers displayed a bleeding phenotype.The total mean score and the global severity index of the SCL-90 for surveyed HCs were 171.00(±60.37)and 1.78(±0.59),respectively.A total of 67.7%of the respondents had psychological symptoms,with obsessive-compulsive disorder being the most prevalent and severe.The pooled estimates of all nine factors were significantly higher than those in the general population(P<0.05).Conclusions:The detection rate of gene mutations in hemophilia mothers was 90.6%,with a median clotting factor level of 0.74 IU/mL,and 14.3%of HCs had a clotting factor level of 0.40 IU/mL or below.A history of bleeding was present in 41.2%of HCs with low clotting factor levels(less than 0.50 IU/mL).Additionally,given the fragile mental health status of HCs in China,it is critical to develop efficient strategies to improve psychological well-being. 展开更多
关键词 hemophilia A hemophilia B MUTATION carrier mental health
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Ultrafast carrier dynamics in GeSn thin film based on time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy
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作者 黄盼盼 张有禄 +3 位作者 胡凯 齐静波 张岱南 程亮 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期164-169,共6页
We measure the time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy of GeSn thin film and studied the ultrafast dynamics of its photo-generated carriers.The experimental results show that there are photo-generated carriers in GeSn un... We measure the time-resolved terahertz spectroscopy of GeSn thin film and studied the ultrafast dynamics of its photo-generated carriers.The experimental results show that there are photo-generated carriers in GeSn under femtosecond laser excitation at 2500 nm,and its pump-induced photoconductivity can be explained by the Drude–Smith model.The carrier recombination process is mainly dominated by defect-assisted Auger processes and defect capture.The firstand second-order recombination rates are obtained by the rate equation fitting,which are(2.6±1.1)×10^(-2)ps^(-1)and(6.6±1.8)×10^(-19)cm^(3)·ps^(-1),respectively.Meanwhile,we also obtain the diffusion length of photo-generated carriers in GeSn,which is about 0.4μm,and it changes with the pump delay time.These results are important for the GeSn-based infrared optoelectronic devices,and demonstrate that Ge Sn materials can be applied to high-speed optoelectronic detectors and other applications. 展开更多
关键词 GeSn thin film time-resolved THz spectroscopy ultrafast dynamics carrier recombination
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Atomic Ni directional-substitution on ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheet to achieve the equilibrium of elevated redox capacity and efficient carrier-kinetics performance in photocatalysis
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作者 Haibin Huang Guiyang Yu +5 位作者 Xingze Zhao Boce Cui Jinshi Yu Chenyang Zhao Heyuan Liu Xiyou Li 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第1期272-281,I0007,共11页
It is a challenge to coordinate carrier-kinetics performance and the redox capacity of photogenerated charges synchronously at the atomic level for boosting photocatalytic activity.Herein,the atomic Ni was introduced ... It is a challenge to coordinate carrier-kinetics performance and the redox capacity of photogenerated charges synchronously at the atomic level for boosting photocatalytic activity.Herein,the atomic Ni was introduced into the lattice of hexagonal ZnIn_(2)S_(4) nanosheets(Ni/ZnIn_(2)S_(4))via directionalsubstituting Zn atom with the facile hydrothermal method.The electronic structure calculations indicate that the introduction of Ni atom effectively extracts more electrons and acts as active site for subsequent reduction reaction.Besides the optimized light absorption range,the elevation of Efand ECBendows Ni/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) photocatalyst with the increased electron concentration and the enhanced reduction ability for surface reaction.Moreover,ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy,as well as a series of electrochemical tests,demonstrates that Ni/ZnIn_(2)S_(4) possesses 2.15 times longer lifetime of the excited charge carriers and an order of magnitude increase for carrier mobility and separation efficiency compared with pristine ZnIn_(2)S_(4).These efficient kinetics performances of charge carriers and enhanced redox capacity synergistically boost photocatalytic activity,in which a 3-times higher conversion efficiency of nitrobenzene reduction was achieved upon Ni/ZnIn_(2)S_(4).Our study not only provides in-depth insights into the effect of atomic directional-substitution on the kinetic behavior of photogenerated charges,but also opens an avenue to the synchronous optimization of redox capacity and carrier-kinetics performance for efficient solar energy conversion. 展开更多
关键词 ZnIn_(2)S_(4) SUBSTITUTION carrier kinetics Redox capacity PHOTOCATALYSIS
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Experimental Study on Gas Flow Uniformity in a Diesel Particulate Filter Carrier
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作者 Zhengyong Wang Jianhua Zhang +5 位作者 Guoliang Su Peixing Yang Xiantao Fan Shuzhan Bai Ke Sun Guihua Wang 《Fluid Dynamics & Materials Processing》 EI 2024年第1期193-204,共12页
A Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)is a critical device for diesel engine exhaust products treatment.When using active-regeneration purification methods,on the one hand,a spatially irregular gas flow can produce relative... A Diesel Particulate Filter(DPF)is a critical device for diesel engine exhaust products treatment.When using active-regeneration purification methods,on the one hand,a spatially irregular gas flow can produce relatively high local temperatures,potentially resulting in damage to the carrier;On the other hand,the internal temperature field can also undergo significant changes contributing to increase this risk.This study explores the gas flow uniformity in a DPF carrier and the related temperature behavior under drop-to-idle(DTI)condition by means of bench tests.It is shown that the considered silicon carbide carrier exhibits good flow uniformity,with a temperature deviation of no more than 2%with respect to the same radius measurement point at the outlet during the regeneration stage.In the DTI test,the temperature is relatively high within r/2 near the outlet end,where the maximum temperature peak occurs,and the maximum radial temperature gradient is located between r/2 and the edge.Both these quantities grow as the soot load increases,thereby making the risk of carrier burnout greater.Finally,it is shown that the soot load limit of the silicon carbide DPF can be extended to 11 g/L,which reduces the frequency of active regeneration by approximately 40%compared to a cordierite DPF. 展开更多
关键词 DPF flow uniformity DTI silicon carbide carrier soot load
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CO_(2)capture costs of chemical looping combustion of biomass:A comparison of natural and synthetic oxygen carrier
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作者 Benjamin Fleiß Juraj Priscak +3 位作者 Martin Hammerschmid Josef Fuchs Stefan Müller Hermann Hofbauer 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2024年第5期296-310,共15页
Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and ... Chemical looping combustion has the potential to be an efficient and low-cost technology capable of contributing to the reduction of the atmospheric concentration of CO_(2) in order to reach the 1.5/2°C goal and mitigate climate change.In this process,a metal oxide is used as oxygen carrier in a dual fluidized bed to generate clean CO_(2) via combustion of biomass.Most commonly,natural ores or synthetic materials are used as oxygen carrier whereas both must meet special requirements for the conversion of solid fuels.Synthetic oxygen carriers are characterized by higher reactivity at the expense of higher costs versus the lower-cost natural ores.To determine the viability of both possibilities,a techno-economic comparison of a synthetic material based on manganese,iron,and copper to the natural ore ilmenite was conducted.The synthetic oxygen carrier was characterized and tested in a pilot plant,where high combustion efficiencies up to 98.4%and carbon capture rates up to 98.5%were reached.The techno-economic assessment resulted in CO_(2) capture costs of 75 and 40€/tCO_(2) for the synthetic and natural ore route respectively,whereas a sensitivity analysis showed the high impact of production costs and attrition rates of the synthetic material.The synthetic oxygen carrier could break even with the natural ore in case of lower production costs and attrition rates,which could be reached by adapting the production process and recycling material.By comparison to state-of-the-art technologies,it is demonstrated that both routes are viable and the capture cost of CO_(2) could be reduced by implementing the chemical looping combustion technology. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical looping combustion BECCS Techno-economic assessment CO_(2)capture costs Oxygen carrier development Synthetic materials ILMENITE
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Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 increases malignant phenotype of human gastric epithelial cells and promotes proliferation,invasion,and migration of gastric cancer cells
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作者 Jing-Wen Zhang Ling-Yan Huang +3 位作者 Ya-Ning Li Ying Tian Jia Yu Xiao-Fei Wang 《World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology》 SCIE 2024年第3期991-1005,共15页
BACKGROUND The precise role of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2(MTCH2)in promoting malignancy in gastric mucosal cells and its involvement in gastric cancer cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To determi... BACKGROUND The precise role of mitochondrial carrier homolog 2(MTCH2)in promoting malignancy in gastric mucosal cells and its involvement in gastric cancer cell metastasis have not been fully elucidated.AIM To determine the role of MTCH2 in gastric cancer.METHODS We collected 65 samples of poorly differentiated gastric cancer tissue and adjacent tissues,constructed MTCH2-overexpressing and MTCH2-knockdown cell models,and evaluated the proliferation,migration,and invasion of human gastric epithelial cells(GES-1)and human gastric cancer cells(AGS)cells.The mito-chondrial membrane potential(MMP),mitochondrial permeability transformation pore(mPTP)and ATP fluorescence probe were used to detect mitochondrial function.Mitochondrial function and ATP synthase protein levels were detected via Western blotting.RESULTS The expression of MTCH2 and ATP2A2 in gastric cancer tissues was significantly greater than that in adjacent tissues.Overexpression of MTCH2 promoted colony formation,invasion,migration,MMP expression and ATP production in GES-1 and AGS cells while upregulating ATP2A2 expression and inhibiting cell apoptosis;knockdown of MTCH2 had the opposite effect,promoting overactivation of the mPTP and promoting apoptosis.CONCLUSION MTCH2 can increase the malignant phenotype of GES-1 cells and promote the proliferation,invasion,and migration of gastric cancer cells by regulating mitochondrial function,providing a basis for targeted therapy for gastric cancer cells. 展开更多
关键词 Gastric cancer Mitochondrial carrier homolog 2 ATP synthase ATP2A2 Mitochondrial permeability transformation pore
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The Extended Hybrid Carrier-Based Multiple Access Technology for High Mobility Scenarios
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作者 Ge Song Xiaojie Fang Xuejun Sha 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2024年第1期53-68,共16页
The hybrid carrier(HC)system rooted in the carrier fusion concept is gradually garnering attention.In this paper,we study the extended hybrid carrier(EHC)multiple access scheme to ensure reliable wireless communicatio... The hybrid carrier(HC)system rooted in the carrier fusion concept is gradually garnering attention.In this paper,we study the extended hybrid carrier(EHC)multiple access scheme to ensure reliable wireless communication.By employing the EHC modulation,a power layered multiplexing framework is realized,which exhibits enhanced interference suppression capability owing to the more uniform energy distribution design.The implementation method and advantage mechanism are explicated respectively for the uplink and downlink,and the performance analysis under varying channel conditions is provided.In addition,considering the connectivity demand,we explore the non-orthogonal multiple access(NOMA)method of the EHC system and develop the EHC sparse code multiple access scheme.The proposed scheme melds the energy spread superiority of EHC with the access capacity of NOMA,facilitating superior support for massive connectivity in high mobility environments.Simulation results have verified the feasibility and advantages of the proposed scheme.Compared with existing HC multiple access schemes,the proposed scheme exhibits robust bit error rate performance and can better guarantee multiple access performance in complex scenarios of nextgeneration communications. 展开更多
关键词 extended hybrid carrier system high mo-Received:Jun.09 2023 Revised:Nov.20 2023 Editor:Yuanwei Liu bility communications multiple access
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Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for FM and Symbiotic FM Radio Data System Hybrid Signal
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作者 Fei Wang Xi Chen +2 位作者 Aidong Men Lei Zhang Sheng Wu 《China Communications》 SCIE CSCD 2020年第1期129-139,共11页
The symbiotic FM radio data system(SRDS)is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal,which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems.The cyclic p... The symbiotic FM radio data system(SRDS)is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal,which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems.The cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol has the same length as the OFDM body,which enables the analytic separation of the co-channel OFDM and FM signal at receiver side,utilizing the fact that the OFDM body and prefix is equal.In this work,we show that the OFDM body and prefix cannot be viewed as equal when there is sufficient carrier frequency offset(CFO).Thus,we propose a two-step CFO estimation algorithm for FM and SRDS hybrid signal.The first step estimates the coarse CFO by exploring the characteristics of the FM signal.Once the coarse CFO is removed,the residual CFO is small enough for FM and OFDM separation.The second step fine estimates CFO from the OFDM-only signal using its repeated PN structure after the separation.Detailed mathematical equations are formulated and simulation results are given.The results show that the proposed algorithm works fine with the simulation setup and has a final residual CFO less than 3.9Hz. 展开更多
关键词 FM OFDM Symbiotic radio data system carrier offset estimation
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Ultralow turnoff loss dual-gate SOI LIGBT with trench gate barrier and carrier stored layer 被引量:1
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作者 何逸涛 乔明 张波 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2016年第12期424-429,共6页
A novel ultralow turnoff loss dual-gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) is proposed. The proposed SOI LIGBT features an extra trench gate inserted between the p-well an... A novel ultralow turnoff loss dual-gate silicon-on-insulator (SOI) lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) is proposed. The proposed SOI LIGBT features an extra trench gate inserted between the p-well and n-drift, and an n-type carrier stored (CS) layer beneath the p-well. In the on-state, the extra trench gate acts as a barrier, which increases the cartier density at the cathode side of n-drift region, resulting in a decrease of the on-state voltage drop (Von). In the off-state, due to the uniform carder distribution and the assisted depletion effect induced by the extra trench gate, large number of carriers can be removed at the initial turnoff process, contributing to a low turnoff loss (Eoff). Moreover, owing to the dual-gate field plates and CS layer, the carrier density beneath the p-well can greatly increase, which further improves the tradeoff between Eoff and Von. Simulation results show that Eoff of the proposed SOI LIGBT can decrease by 77% compared with the conventional trench gate SOI LIGBT at the same Von of 1.1 V. 展开更多
关键词 lateral insulated gate bipolar transistor (LIGBT) turnoff loss trench gate barrier carrier storedlayer
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Flexible Large-Area Graphene Films of 50-600 nm Thickness with High Carrier Mobility 被引量:2
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作者 Shiyu Luo Li Peng +13 位作者 Yangsu Xie Xiaoxue Cao Xiao Wang Xiaoting Liu Tingting Chen Zhanpo Han Peidong Fan Haiyan Sun Ying Shen Fan Guo Yuxing Xia Kaiwen Li Xin Ming Chao Gao 《Nano-Micro Letters》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第5期1-14,共14页
Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and o... Bulk graphene nanofilms feature fast electronic and phonon transport in combination with strong light-matter interaction and thus have great potential for versatile applications,spanning from photonic,electronic,and optoelectronic devices to charge-stripping and electromagnetic shielding,etc.However,large-area flexible close-stacked graphene nanofilms with a wide thickness range have yet to be reported.Here,we report a polyacrylonitrile-assisted’substrate replacement’strategy to fabricate large-area free-standing graphene oxide/polyacrylonitrile nanofilms(lateral size~20 cm).Linear polyacrylonitrile chains-derived nanochannels promote the escape of gases and enable macro-assembled graphene nanofilms(nMAGs)of 50-600 nm thickness following heat treatment at 3,000℃.The uniform nMAGs exhibit 802-1,540 cm^(2)V-1s-1carrier mobility,4.3-4.7 ps carrier lifetime,and>1,581 W m^(-1)K^(-1)thermal conductivity(n MAG-assembled 10μm-thick films,mMAGs).nMAGs are highly flexible and show no structure damage even after 1.0×10^(5)cycles of folding-unfolding.Furthermore,n MAGs broaden the detection region of graphene/silicon heterojunction from near-infrared to mid-infrared and demonstrate higher absolute electromagnetic interference(EMI)shielding effectiveness than state-of-the-art EMI materials of the same thickness.These results are expected to lead to the broad applications of such bulk nanofilms,especially as micro/nanoelectronic and optoelectronic platforms. 展开更多
关键词 Flexible large-area graphene nanofilm High carrier mobility Mid-infrared detection Electromagnetic interference shielding Heat transfer
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Dynamics Analysis of Carrier-Based Aircraft with Off-Center Catapult Launch 被引量:2
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作者 ZHOU Jin ZHU Jianhui TONG Mingbo 《Transactions of Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics》 EI CSCD 2019年第3期468-478,共11页
In order to enhance the safety of the catapult launch of the carrier-based aircraft,the catapult launch multibody dynamic model is established aiming at the problem of off center catapult launch.The whole catapult pro... In order to enhance the safety of the catapult launch of the carrier-based aircraft,the catapult launch multibody dynamic model is established aiming at the problem of off center catapult launch.The whole catapult process including four stages which are buffering,tensioning,releasing and taxiing is taken into consideration and the body dynamics of the off-center catapult during each stage is analyzed.The catapult launch dynamic differences between the conditions only considering taxiing and that considering four stages are compared,and the effects of the different initial off center distances considering four stages on the attitude,landing gear load and acceleration of the carrier based aircraft during catapult launch are discussed.The results show that only considering taxiing may underestimate the dynamics of the carrier-based aircraft substantially.When taking four stages into consideration,the initial off-center distance has small influence on the aircraft dynamic characteristics during buffering and tensioning but has larger influence on that during releasing and taxiing.The increase of the off-center distance will cause the enhancement of the aircraft rolling and yawing,which may lead to the load difference between the left and right landing gears and the increase of the aircraft lateral acceleration.The establishment and simulation of the catapult launch multi body dynamic model founded on buffering,tensioning,releasing and taxiing provide reference for the carrier-based aircraft design and analysis of the catapult launch dynamics. 展开更多
关键词 carrier-based aircraft catapult LAUNCH off center DISTANCE ATTITUDE angle LANDING GEAR
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Chemical looping oxidative propane dehydrogenation controlled by oxygen bulk diffusion over FeVO_(4)oxygen carrier pellets 被引量:1
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作者 Hongbo Song Wei Wang +5 位作者 Jiachen Sun Xianhui Wang Xianhua Zhang Sai Chen Chunlei Pei Zhi-Jian Zhao 《Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期409-420,共12页
The oxygen distribution and evolution within the oxygen carrier exert significant influence on chemical looping processes.This paper describes the influence of oxygen bulk diffusion within FeVO4 oxygen carrier pellets... The oxygen distribution and evolution within the oxygen carrier exert significant influence on chemical looping processes.This paper describes the influence of oxygen bulk diffusion within FeVO4 oxygen carrier pellets on the chemical looping oxidative propane dehydrogenation(CL-ODH).During CL-ODH,the oxygen concentration at the pellet surface initially decreased and then maintained stable before the final decrease.At the stage with the stable surface oxygen concentration,the reaction showed a stable C3H6 formation rate and high C3H6 selectivity.Therefore,based on Fick’s second law,the oxygen distribution and evolution in the oxygen carrier at this stage were further analyzed.It was found that main reactions of selective oxidation and over-oxidation were controlled by the oxygen bulk diffusion.C3H8 conversion rate kept decreasing during this stage due to the decrease of the oxygen flux caused by the decline of oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier,while C3H6 selectivity increased due to the decrease of overoxidation.In addition,reaction rates could increase with the propane partial pressure due to the increase of the oxygen gradient within the oxygen carrier until the bulk transfer reached its limit at higher propane partial pressure.This study provides fundamental insights for the diffusion-controlled chemical looping reactions. 展开更多
关键词 Chemical looping DIFFUSION Reaction kinetics Oxygen carriers OXIDATION
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Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions:The role of polymeric carriers 被引量:1
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作者 Jie Zhang Minshan Guo +1 位作者 Minqian Luo Ting Cai 《Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences》 SCIE CAS 2023年第4期45-79,共35页
Amorphous solid dispersion(ASD)is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs.In ASDs,polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level.To p... Amorphous solid dispersion(ASD)is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs.In ASDs,polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level.To prepare the solid dispersions,there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations.Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability,solubility and dissolution rates,manufacturing process,and bioavailability of the ASD.This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers,formulation designs and preparation methods.Furthermore,considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed. 展开更多
关键词 Amorphous solid dispersions Polymeric carriers STABILITY DISSOLUTION Bioavailbility Molecular interactions
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Bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize energy losses for efficient and stable perovskite solar cells 被引量:1
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作者 Baibai Liu Ru Li +10 位作者 Qixin Zhuang Xuemeng Yu Shaokuan Gong Dongmei He Qian Zhou Hua Yang Xihan Chen Shirong Lu Zong-Xiang Xu Zhigang Zang Jiangzhao Chen 《Journal of Energy Chemistry》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第1期277-287,I0008,共12页
The defects from electron transport layer,perovskite layer and their interface would result in carrier nonradiative recombination losses.Poor buried interfacial contact is detrimental to charge extraction and device s... The defects from electron transport layer,perovskite layer and their interface would result in carrier nonradiative recombination losses.Poor buried interfacial contact is detrimental to charge extraction and device stability.Here,we report a bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy induced synergistically by multiple chemical bonds to minimize bulk and interfacial energy losses for high-performance perovskite photovoltaics.4-trifluoromethyl-benzamidine hydrochloride(TBHCl)containing–CF_(3),amidine cation and Cl^(-)is in advance incorporated into SnO_(2)colloid solution to realize bottom-up modification.The synergistic effect of multiple functional groups and multiple-bond-induced chemical interaction are revealed theoretically and experimentally.F and Cl^(-)can passivate oxygen vacancy and/or undercoordinated Sn^(4+)defects by coordinating with Sn^(4+).The F can suppress cation migration and modulate crystallization via hydrogen bond with FA^(+),and can passivate lead defects by coordinating with Pb^(2+).The–NH_(2)–C=NH^(+)_(2)and Cl^(-)can passivate cation and anion vacancy defects through ionic bonds with perovskites,respectively.Through TBHCl modification,the suppression of agglomeration of SnO_(2)nanoparticles,bulk and interfacial defect passivation,and release of tensile strains of perovskite films are demonstrated,which resulted in a PCE enhancement from 21.28%to 23.40%and improved stability.With post-treatment,the efficiency is further improved to 23.63%. 展开更多
关键词 Perovskite solar cells Bottom-up holistic carrier management strategy Functional group synergistic effect Defect passivation Stress release
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Theory and practice of unconventional gas exploration in carrier beds: Insight from the breakthrough of new type of shale gas and tight gas in Sichuan Basin, SW China 被引量:1
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作者 GUO Tonglou XIONG Liang +3 位作者 YE Sujuan DONG Xiaoxia WEI Limin YANG Yingtao 《Petroleum Exploration and Development》 2023年第1期27-42,共16页
Unconventional gas in the Sichuan Basin mainly includes shale gas and tight gas.The development of shale gas is mainly concentrated in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation,but has not made any s... Unconventional gas in the Sichuan Basin mainly includes shale gas and tight gas.The development of shale gas is mainly concentrated in the Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Silurian Longmaxi Formation,but has not made any significant breakthrough in the Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation marine shale regardless of exploration efforts for years.The commercial development of tight sandstone gas is mainly concentrated in the Jurassic Shaximiao Formation,but has not been realized in the widespread and thick Triassic Xujiahe Formation.Depending on the geological characteristics of the Qiongzhusi Formation and Xujiahe Formation,the feedback of old wells was analyzed.Then,combining with the accumulation mechanisms of con-ventional gas and shale gas,as well as the oil/gas shows during drilling,changes in production and pressure during develop-ment,and other characteristics,it was proposed to change the exploration and development strategy from source and reservoir exploration to carrier beds exploration.With the combination of effective source rock,effective carrier beds and effective sand-stone or shale as the exploration target,a model of unconventional gas accumulation and enrichment in carrier beds was built.Under the guidance of this study,two significant results have been achieved in practice.First,great breakthrough was made in exploration of the silty shale with low organic matter abundance in the Qiongzhusi Formation,which breaks the traditional approach to prospect shale gas only in organic-rich black shales and realizes a breakthrough in new areas,new layers and new types of shale gas and a transformation of exploration and development of shale gas from single-layer system,Longmaxi For-mation,to multi-layer system in the Sichuan Basin.Second,exploration breakthrough and high-efficient development were re-alized for difficult-to-produce tight sandstone gas reserves in the Xujiahe Formation,which helps address the challenges of low production and unstable production of fracture zones in the Xujiahe Formation,promote the transformation of tight sandstone gas from reserves without production to effective production,and enhance the exploration and development potential of tight sandstonegas. 展开更多
关键词 Sichuan Basin carrier bed tight gas shale gas silty shale Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation Triassic Xujiahe Formation
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Advances in Research on Cellulose-based Drug Carriers 被引量:1
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作者 Miaoxiu Yang Yanrou Zhang +3 位作者 Zhenhua Liu Lina Liu Xin Wang Liwei Qian 《Paper And Biomaterials》 CAS 2023年第4期55-68,共14页
Traditional drug delivery methods are prone to large fluctuations in drug concentration and require multiple frequent doses.As a green material with excellent properties,cellulose has been widely used as a drug carrie... Traditional drug delivery methods are prone to large fluctuations in drug concentration and require multiple frequent doses.As a green material with excellent properties,cellulose has been widely used as a drug carrier for the development and preparation of drug controlled-release system.Based on the mechanisms of slow drug release,such as dissolution-diffusion release,degradation release,and nanochannel-controlled release,the preparation methods of cellulose-based drug carriers are introduced in this paper.The applications of cellulose-based drug carriers in the fields of antitumor therapy,antibacterial therapy,chronic disease treatment,and viral disease treatment are summarized with the aim of providing a useful reference for research on cellulose-based drug carriers. 展开更多
关键词 CELLULOSE drug carrier drug controlled-release
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一类负模量Kirchhoff-Carrier方程的解
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作者 魏其萍 王跃 《延边大学学报(自然科学版)》 CAS 2021年第2期111-115,共5页
利用变分方法和反证法研究了一类含有非线性项的Kirchhoff-Carrier方程,证明了当0<λ<aλ_(1)时,该方程至少存在一对非平凡解,且当λ≥aλ_(1)时该方程不存在同号解.
关键词 负模量 carrier方程 变分方法 反证法
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Enhancing betavoltaic nuclear battery performance with 3D P^(+)PNN^(+)multi-groove structure via carrier evolution
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作者 Hou‑Jun He Yun‑Cheng Han +4 位作者 Xiao‑Yu Wang Yu‑Min Liu Jia‑Chen Zhang Lei Ren Ming‑Jie Zheng 《Nuclear Science and Techniques》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第12期1-16,共16页
Betavoltaic nuclear batteries offer a promising alternative energy source that harnesses the power of beta particles emitted by radioisotopes.To satisfy the power demands of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS),3D str... Betavoltaic nuclear batteries offer a promising alternative energy source that harnesses the power of beta particles emitted by radioisotopes.To satisfy the power demands of microelectromechanical systems(MEMS),3D structures have been proposed as a potential solution.Accordingly,this paper introduces a novel 3D^(63)Ni–SiC-based P^(+)PNN^(+)structure with a multi-groove design,avoiding the need for PN junctions on the inner surface,and thus reducing leakage current and power losses.Monte Carlo simulations were performed considering the fully coupled physical model to extend the electron–hole pair generation rate to a 3D structure,enabling the efficient design and development of betavoltaic batteries with complex 3D structures.As a result,the proposed model produces the significantly higher maximum output power density of 19.74μW/cm^(2) and corresponding short-circuit current,open-circuit voltage,and conversion efficiency of 8.57μA/cm^(2),2.45 V,and4.58%,respectively,compared with conventional planar batteries.From analysis of the carrier transport and collection characteristics using the COMSOL Multiphysics code,we provide deep insights regarding power increase,and elucidate the discrepancies between the ideal and simulated performances of betavoltaic batteries.Our work offers a promising approach for the design and optimization of high-output betavoltaic nuclear batteries with a unique 3D design,and serves as a valuable reference for future device fabrication. 展开更多
关键词 Betavoltaic nuclear battery High-output power density Three-dimensional structure carrier drift–diffusion carrier recombination carrier collection efficiency
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Impacts of hydrogen annealing on the carrier lifetimes in p-type 4H-SiC after thermal oxidation
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作者 张锐军 洪荣墩 +11 位作者 韩景瑞 丁雄杰 李锡光 蔡加法 陈厦平 傅德颐 林鼎渠 张明昆 吴少雄 张宇宁 吴正云 张峰 《Chinese Physics B》 SCIE EI CAS CSCD 2023年第6期60-65,共6页
Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PC... Thermal oxidation and hydrogen annealing were applied on a 100μm thick Al-doped p-type 4H-Si C epitaxial wafer to modulate the minority carrier lifetime,which was investigated by microwave photoconductive decay(μ-PCD).The minority carrier lifetime decreased after each thermal oxidation.On the contrary,with the hydrogen annealing time increasing to3 hours,the minority carrier lifetime increased from 1.1μs(as-grown)to 3.14μs and then saturated after the annealing time reached 4 hours.The increase of surface roughness from 0.236 nm to 0.316 nm may also be one of the reasons for limiting the further improvement of the minority carrier lifetimes.Moreover,the whole wafer mappings of minority carrier lifetimes before and after hydrogen annealing were measured and discussed.The average minority carrier lifetime was up to 1.94μs and non-uniformity of carrier lifetime reached 38%after 4-hour hydrogen annealing.The increasing minority carrier lifetimes could be attributed to the double mechanisms of excess carbon atoms diffusion caused by selective etching of Si atoms and passivation of deep-level defects by hydrogen atoms. 展开更多
关键词 4H-SIC carrier lifetime hydrogen annealing
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