Carrier Frequency Offset Estimation for FM and Symbiotic FM Radio Data System Hybrid Signal

The symbiotic FM radio data system(SRDS)is a radio data system that a specially designed OFDM signal co-lives with FM signal,which enables a significantly higher data rate than existing radio data systems.The cyclic prefix of the OFDM symbol has the same length as the OFDM body,which enables the analytic separation of the co-channel OFDM and FM signal at receiver side,utilizing the fact that the OFDM body and prefix is equal.In this work,we show that the OFDM body and prefix cannot be viewed as equal when there is sufficient carrier frequency offset(CFO).Thus,we propose a two-step CFO estimation algorithm for FM and SRDS hybrid signal.The first step estimates the coarse CFO by exploring the characteristics of the FM signal.Once the coarse CFO is removed,the residual CFO is small enough for FM and OFDM separation.The second step fine estimates CFO from the OFDM-only signal using its repeated PN structure after the separation.Detailed mathematical equations are formulated and simulation results are given.The results show that the proposed algorithm works fine with the simulation setup and has a final residual CFO less than 3.9Hz.

Joint Estimation of Carrier Frequency and Phase Offset Based on Pilot Symbols in Quasi-Constant Envelope OFDM Satellite Systems

Spectral efficiency and energy efficiency are two important performance indicators of satellite systems. The Quasi-Constant Envelope Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(QCE-OFDM) technique can achieve both high spectral efficiency and low peak-to-average power ratio(PAPR). Therefore, the QCE-OFDM technique is considered as a promising candidate multi-carrier technique for satellite systems. However, the Doppler effect will cause the carrier frequency offset(CFO), and the non-ideal oscillator will cause the carrier phase offset(CPO) in satellite systems. The CFO and CPO will further result in the bit-error-rate(BER) performance degradation. Hence, it is important to estimate and compensate the CFO and CPO. This paper analyzes the effects of both CFO and CPO in QCE-OFDM satellite systems. Furthermore, we propose a joint CFO and CPO estimation method based on the pilot symbols in the frequency domain. In addition, the optimal pilot symbol structure with different pilot overheads is designed according to the minimum Cramer-Rao bound(CRB) criterion. Simulation results show that the estimation accuracy of the proposed method is close to the CRB.

ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSETS FOR MIMO SYSTEMS WITH DISTRIBUTED TRANSMIT ANTENNAS

The problem of estimating the carrier frequency offsets in Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) systems with distributed transmit antennas is addressed. It is supposed that the transmit antennas are distributed while the receive antennas are still centralized, and the general case where both the time delays and the frequency offsets are possibly different for each transmit antenna is considered. The channel is supposed to be frequency flat, and the macroscopic fading is also taken into consideration. A carrier frequency offset estimator based on Maximum Likelihood (ML) is proposed, which can separately estimate the frequency offset for each transmit antenna and exploit the spatial diversity. The Cramer-Rao Bound (CRB) for synchronous MIMO (i.e., the time delays for each transmit antenna are all equal) is also derived. Simulation results are given to illustrate the per- formance of the estimator and compare it with the CRB. It is shown that the estimator can provide satisfactory frequency offset estimates and its performance is close to the CRB for the Signal-to-Noise Ratio (SNR) below 20dB.

THE PERFORMANCE OF MT-CDMA SYSTEM IN THE PRESENCE OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET

In this letter,the sensitivity of an uplink Multi-Tone Code-Division Multiple Access (MT-CDMA) system to the Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) is investigated. The analytical expression for the Bit Error Rate (BER) of uplink MT-CDMA in the presence of CFO is derived in a multipath Rayleigh fading channel which is verified through simulations. Both Maximal Ratio Combining (MRC) and Equal Gain Combining (EGC) are considered in combining multipath signals in the analysis. It is found that the BER performance can be improved with the number of multipath increasing in the presence of CFO.

CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR INTERLEAVED OFDMA UPLINK BASED ON SUBSPACE PROCESSING

This paper investigates Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimation in the uplink of the Orthogonal Frequency-Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems with the interleaved subcarrier assignment. CFOs between the transmitters and the uplink receiver will destroy orthogonality among different subcarriers, hence resulting in inter-carrier interference and multiuser interference. A two-stage frequency offset estimation algorithm based on subspace processing is proposed. The main advantage of the proposed method is that it can obtain the CFOs of all users simultaneously using only one OFDMA block. Compared with the previously known methods, it not only has a relatively low implementation complexity but is also suitable for random subchannel assignment.

PROPAGATOR BASED CLOSED-FORM BLIND CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET ESTIMATION FOR OFDM SYSTEMS

Most of the blind Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) Carrier Frequency Offset (CFO) estimators necessitate large number of samples to ensure the estimation accuracy. However, the number of samples can not be selected too large because of the carrier offset drift. In this letter, a new closed form algorithm for blind OFDM CFO estimation in frequency-selective channel is proposed. This method utilizes the propagator obtained from data matrix and the diagonal loading technique, thus it has better performance even only using one or two OFDM blocks. Furthermore, the range of the CFO estimation which can be handled is overall transmission spectral. Simulation results confirm its effectiveness.

JOINT ESTIMATION OF CARRIER FREQUENCY OFFSET AND POWER DELAY PROFILE FOR MIMO-OFDM SYSTEMS

This paper develops a Cyclic Prefix(CP)based joint Maximum-Likelihood(ML)estima-tion algorithm of Carrier Frequency Offset(CFO)and Power Delay Profile(PDP)for Multi-InputMulti-Output Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing(MIMO-OFDM)systems.However,theexact solution of the joint ML estimation is very complex since it needs a search over amulti-dimensional domain.Thus a simplified method is proposed to estimate the CFO and the PDPiteratively via the alternating-projection method which could induce the multidimensional searchproblem to a sequence of simple one-dimensional searches.Simulations show that the proposed algo-rithm is more accurate and robust than the existing algorithms.

基于PPDA技术的电力线宽带载波抗扰通信方法

电力线宽带载波通信干扰导致载波间信号频率偏移增加,载波抗扰能力下降。为此,提出基于PPDA技术的电力线宽带载波抗扰通信方法。模拟载波通信信道上的背景噪声,结合改进变分模态分解算法预处理噪声信号。通过调节正弦波幅度,过滤宽带载波干扰。构建PPDA载波幅度调制框架,实现载波幅度智能化调制,避免子信息流之间互相干扰。实验结果表明,该方法的信号接收点比较集中,没有出现大幅度信号频率偏移现象,最终接收的信号强度达到360 dB,说明应用该方法通信抗扰能力强。

Joint frequency offset tracking and PAPR reduction algorithm in OFDM systems

This paper presents an algorithm that aims to reduce the peak-to-average power ratio（PAPR） of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing（OFDM） communication systems while maintaining frequency tracking.The algorithm achieves PAPR reduction by applying the complex conjugates of the data symbol obtained from the frequency domain to cancel the phase of the data symbol.A likelihood estimator is used to obtain the sub-carrier phase error due to the residual carrier frequency offset（RCFO） using the same complex conjugates as a pilot signal.Furthermore,a joint time and frequency domain multicarrier phase locked loop（MPLL） is developed to compensate additional frequency offset.Simulation results show that this algorithm is capable of reducing PAPR without impacting the frequency tracking performance.

Efficient integer frequency offset estimation for OFDM systems

An efficient scheme of integer frequency offset estimate for orthogonal frequency division multiplexing （OFDM） systems is proposed based on a training symbol with several identicalparts. In this scheme, the received training symbol is first reshaped into several sub-symbols.It shows that the reshaping process in-troduees time diversity multiplexing.After a special fast Fourier transform （FFT） algorithm is applied to the sub-symbol,the integer frequency is estimated by finding the maximum magnitude of the resulting fre-quency domain signal.To improve the estimate performance,diversity combining methods are presented to makefull use of the multiple frequency domain sub-symbols.Compared to the traditional scheme, theproposed one has an improved estimate performance demonstrated by the computation simulation, while maintaining a very low complexity.

DPLL implementation in carrier acquisition and tracking for burst DS-CDMA receivers

This paper presents the architectures, algorithms, and implementation considerations of the digital phase locked loop (DPLL) used for burst-mode packet DS-CDMA receivers. As we know, carrier offset is a rather challenging problem in CDMA system. According to different applications, different DPLL forms should be adopted to correct different maximum carrier offset in CDMA systems. One classical DPLL and two novel DPLL forms are discussed in the paper. The acquisition range of carrier offset can be widened by using the two novel DPLL forms without any performance degradation such as longer acquisition time or larger variance of the phase error. The maximum acquisition range is 1/(4T), where T is the symbol period. The design can be implemented by FPGA directly.

Frequency Offset Compensation for Satellite Communication System with CE-OFDM

Constant envelope orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(CE-OFDM) is a waveform that can achieve 0d B peak-to-average power ratio and avoid the signal distortion caused by the nonlinear power amplifi er. However, the carrier frequency offset(CFO) in CE-OFDM systems can cause errors at phase unwrapper module. In this paper, a CFO estimation scheme is proposed for CEOFDM in satellite communication system. As the null subcarrier is inherent in the conjugate symmetric symbol structure at the transmitter, the proposed scheme uses the null subcarrier as prior information to estimate the CFO at the receiver. The ideal estimation range of normalized CFO is obtained by mathematical analysis. Simulation results show that the proposed scheme can estimate the CFO accurately under additive white Gaussian noise(AWGN) channel and multipath fading channel, especially for moderate and high signal-to-noise ratio(SNR).

Carrier Synchronization for Very Low SNR

The Turbo decoding performance will suffer serious degradation under low signal-to-noise ratios （SNR） conditions for the reason of residual frequency and phase offset in the carrier. In this paper, an improved residual carrier frequency offset estimation algorithm based on a priori probability aided （APPA） phase estimation is proposed. A carrier synchronization loop that combines the iterative turbo decoder and the phase estimator together is constructed, where the extrinsic information obtained from the Turbo decoder is used to aid an iterative phase estimation process. The simulation results show that the algorithm performs successfully under very low SNR conditions （for example, less than -7.4 dB） with large frequency offset and phase error and the performance of this algorithm is very close to the optimally synchronized system.

顾及BDS-3/GNSS星钟状态的超快速钟差参数估计模型

高质量卫星轨道与钟差参数是实现导航系统可靠PNT服务的前提之一。针对多系统超快速定轨中钟差参数易受观测数据质量与模型配置影响的问题,本文提出一种顾及BDS-3/GNSS星钟状态的超快速钟差参数估计模型。首先,在固定的轨道、站坐标等参数基础上,构建顾及钟差速度与加速度的观测方程;然后,利用相位时间差分与模型奇异值分解算法,建立钟差参数质量控制与历元间传递模型;最后,引入钟差状态转移方程并顾及BDS-3/GNSS星钟频率稳定性,实现钟差及其状态参数的单历元同步估计。试验表明,本文提出的BDS-3/GNSS超快速钟差估计模型至少可实现钟差估计精度提升46.9%;且利用估计的钟差状态参数可导出历元间任意时刻钟差。相较于传统的超快速钟差产品,基于估计的BDS-3/GNSS钟差参数可实现四系统动态PPP测站的E、N与U方向定位精度与收敛性能分别提升1.7%、6.0%、31.2%与44.9%、33.3%、38.9%;且预报钟差精度也得到了改善,基于钟差及其状态序列的预报钟差参数可分别降低四系统静态PPP的E、N与U方向定位残差与收敛时间6.3%、13.5%、11.3%与14.5%、1.6%、12.4%。因此,本文提出的BDS-3/GNSS超快速钟差估计方法可有效提升钟差质量,并实现实时与近实时服务能力的提升。

适用于任意阶数的BOC信号无模糊度捕获算法

针对二进制偏移载波(binary offset carrier, BOC)调制信号在捕获过程中的模糊度问题,提出了一种基于自相关函数加减互补的BOC(m,n)信号无模糊度捕获算法。根据副载波脉冲周期延拓的特性,通过拆分副载波,进而分离自相关函数,将关于码相位对称的第一个子相关函数和最后一个子相关函数做加减法运算后求差值,最后通过取模求和运算将旁峰完全消除。理论和仿真实验结果表明,该算法的适应性良好,适用于任意阶数的BOC调制信号,并且可以完全消除旁峰,保留窄相关峰特性。相比于SCPC、ASPeCT和BPSK-Like三种传统BOC信号无模糊度捕获算法,该算法的载噪比性能有约1.5~4.5 dBHz提高。

基于GPU的北斗B1宽带复合信号实时发生器设计

为了实现北斗B1C+B1I信号的联合生成,提出一种基于软件无线电和图形处理器(graphics processing unit,GPU)加速的北斗B1宽带复合信号的实时生成方法,该方法针对单边带复数二进制偏移载波(single-sideband complex binary offset carrier,SCBOC)调制方式的信号体制进行设计,系统根据用户配置的接收机运动轨迹和星历文件,生成中频信号并通过射频端发射。为了进一步提升GPU并行运算速度,从优化设备内存结构、设计并行线程架构和统一计算设备架构流(compute unified device architecture stream,CUDA)加速3个方面,设计了基于异步运算的加速采样点数据计算的CUDA优化实现方案。测试结果证明,优化后的算法可以基于SCBOC调制实时生成北斗B1I+B1C信号,基于GTX3060的GPU平台,信号90 M采样率下能实现8颗卫星复合信号的实时生成。

基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜频偏估计算法

在高动态通信环境中,由相对运动引起的多普勒频移会在接收机下变频所得的基带信号中引入残留频偏,致使基带信号的相位发生偏离。对频偏进行精确估计是提升高动态环境通信质量的重要途径。传统方法通常通过对快速傅里叶变换(Fast Fourier Transform,FFT)后所得频谱进行一维搜索来估计载波频偏值,只能估计整数倍频点。为了进一步提高频偏估计的精度,本文提出了一种基于立方Farrow结构的插值细搜(Interpolation Detail Search, IDS)算法。仿真结果表明,此算法仅在16倍插值条件下就得到了逼近克拉美罗界(Cramer-Rao Bounds,CRB)的频偏估计性能,信噪比精度损失仅为1.2 dB,具有良好的估计性能。

SOQPSK-TG信号的EM半盲载波频偏估计

针对成形偏移四相相移键控-TG(Shaped Offset Quadrature Phase Shift Keying-Telemetry Group version,SOQPSK-TG)信号在训练序列长度受限时频偏估计精度较低的问题,利用双二进制分解(Doubinary Decomposition,DBD)原理提出基于期望最大化(Expectation Maximization,EM)的SOQPSK半盲载波频偏(Carrier Frequency Offset,CFO)估计算法。为了确保EM算法收敛到预期性能范围,使用基于非线性四次方码元定时估计算法的非数据辅助频偏估计方法优化了EM算法初始点选择。仿真实验结果表明,该算法相比于使用训练序列进行数据辅助估计的方法,在不增加辅助数据数量的前提下能够进一步提升CFO估计的精度,并在较高信噪比下拥有接近序列总长度所对应的克拉美罗界(Cramér-Rao Bound,CRB)的优秀性能。

一种Wi-Fi 6信号调制分析载波同步技术

近年来,无线局域网飞速发展,随着Wi-Fi 6标准的发布,各大无线设备制造商纷纷推出基于Wi-Fi 6标准的产品。然而Wi-Fi 6产品指标测试、故障诊断、标准符合性测试等均需测量仪器的支撑,为Wi-Fi 6信号测试分析仪器带来广泛的市场需求。文章主要研究Wi-Fi 6信号调制分析载波同步技术,提出基于训练序列和高效信号域频偏的估计方法,实现对WiFi 6信号的高精度解调。

BPSK调制高动态遥测接收机的设计

针对BPSK调制的高动态遥测接收机的多普勒频率漂移大和码元符号周期随着多普勒变化的问题,提出了一种全数字的接收机结构,研究了载波频率跟踪和码元符号定时跟踪的跟踪算法,指出了跟踪环路的稳定条件。仿真验证了该算法和接收机结构的可行性,结果表明,该接收机在初始频偏23 kHz、加速度20 g、载波初始相位π/2、码环初始偏差5/8个码元的条件下仍能稳定捕获和跟踪。