A Pulse Width Modulation Scheme With Zero-sequence Voltage Injection for Single Phase Three-level NPC Rectifiers

直流侧中点电位电压偏移是多电平中性点钳位型变流器的主要缺点。以单相三电平NPC整流器为研究对象，以实现直流侧中点电位无漂移为控制目标，以传统的单相三电平单极性载波脉宽调制方法为基础，首先提出一种基于零序电压分量注入的载波脉宽调制算法；然后在此基础上给出基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波脉宽调制算法；并给出这2种方法的零序电压分量的设计方案；最后，对这2种方法进行了详细的理论分析、计算机仿真和1kW样机实验对比验证。研究结果表明：所提出的2种算法都能有效实现直流侧中点电位平衡控制，其中基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波调制算法的中点电位控制具有更快动态响应速度，且其网侧电流的高次谐波主要分布在开关频率附近；而基于零序电压分量注入的载波调制算法的网侧电流高次谐波主要分布在2倍开关频率附近。但是在一个调制信号周期内，基于零序电压分量极限值注入的载波调制算法的开关切换次数比基于零序电压分量注入的载波调制算法低25％左右。

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

Research of the Unity Theory Between Three-level Space Vector and Carrier-based PWM Modulation Strategy

两电平空间矢量脉宽调制（space vector pulse widthmodulation,SVPWM）与正弦脉宽调制（sinusoidal pulse widthmodulation,SPWM）存有一定的本质关系,对于三电平,在常见的8段式SVPWM序列中可以证明,SVPWM与SPWM本质上也存在某种统一。实际的SVPWM调制中,由于要考虑中点电压平衡、减少谐波等其它性能问题,一般会利用开关冗余状态得到8段以上的开关调制序列。目前的文献中还未曾有对这些情况进行统一性地验证,因此三电平SVPWM与SPWM的统一理论存在一定的不足。研究发现,可通过严格地理论推导将传统意义上的调制波分解为2个子调制波,再进行SPWM调制,可以得到与SVPWM完全吻合的序列。该文在此方法基础上深入研究了8段以上（10、12、14段）的SVPWM调制序列与SPWM的统一。经过严格地理论推导,成功实现了含任意段数的SVPWM序列与SPWM的统一。仿真结果证明了该理论的正确性。

Carrier dynamic overlapping switching frequency optimal pulse width modulation method for modular multilevel converters

Modular multilevel converters(MMCs) operate in the low modulation index region in many applications.However, when utilized at the low modulation index region, large harmonics appear in the output voltage, which degrade the performance of the MMC. To improve the harmonic characteristic in the low modulation index, the carrier dynamic overlapping switching frequency optimal pulse width modulation(CDOSFOPWM) method is proposed for the MMC here. The whole modulation index region is divided into three regions: high modulation index region, middle modulation index region, and low modulation index region. The carrier amplitude, carrier overlap ratio, and frequency of triangular carriers are chosen dynamically according to the modulation index region of the modulation signals, to achieve the optimal harmonic characteristic in the whole modulation index region and maintain the switching loss. The number of on-state submodules(SMs) can be calculated by CDOSFOPWM, and the selection of SMs is performed by a reducing switching frequency voltage balancing algorithm. Finally, the proposed method is verified by simulation and experimental results.

基于虚拟电压矢量的双三相直线磁通切换永磁电机容错SVPWM策略

高可靠性是电梯驱动系统的首要指标。针对双三相直线磁通切换永磁(dual-three-phase linear flux switching permanent magnet,DTP-LFSPM)电机单相开路故障,提出一种基于虚拟电压矢量的容错空间矢量脉宽调制策略。首先,基于单相开路故障下的五维变换矩阵计算得到故障后的32个空间电压矢量分布。然后,筛选部分空间电压矢量,以z子空间电压幅值为零且每个扇区产生对称的脉宽调制波形为目标,重构得到12个虚拟电压矢量,相邻的2个虚拟电压矢量都由3个基本电压矢量组成,并用于合成参考电压矢量,不仅可以减少单相开路故障容错控制时的电流谐波,而且具有计算简单,易于硬件实现等优点。最后,搭建DTP-LFSPM电机驱动控制系统仿真与实验平台,仿真和实验测试结果证明所提容错策略的正确性和有效性。

高速磁浮背靠背三电平ANPC变流器中点电压偏移机理与协同控制策略

高速磁浮交通牵引变流器采用24 MVA背靠背三电平有源中点钳位拓扑,其中两台整流器和两台逆变器共用直流母线。该文分析整流侧和逆变侧在不同功率因数下中点电压(neutral point voltage,NPV)偏移机理及不同电压矢量对NPV的具体影响。据此,针对高速磁浮逆变器并联和串联两种模式,建立NPV偏移模型,得到在调制比和功率因数同时变化时NPV的可控区域。为在全速范围保证NPV平衡,提出一种基于平移调制波的协同控制策略。为减轻整流器功率因数和调制比对NPV的影响,采用一种具有相电压半波对称性的载波脉宽调制,并证明其具备NPV自平衡能力。仿真和硬件在环实验表明,所提策略具有NPV恢复到平衡状态所需时间短、可控范围大等优点,可在高速磁浮全速工况下保证NPV平衡。

基于PREF的扫描磁铁电源设计与实现

PREF装置是中国科学院新疆理化技术研究所与近代物理研究所联合设计建造的10~60 MeV质子同步加速器,属于国内唯一的位移损伤效应模拟试验专用装置。针对该装置的扫描磁铁电源输出电流频率200 Hz、跟踪误差小于≤±5×10^(-3)的技术要求,采用三组H桥串联拓扑方案,通过移相控制,基于脉宽调制实现技术要求。经仿真与测试结果表明:电源能够输出峰-峰值为±420 A,幅值与频率均连续可调的高精度三角波电流,满足工程应用要求。

一种新型开关电容准谐振多电平逆变器

针对现有多电平逆变器充电过程存在电流尖峰和电压波动问题,提出一种新型准谐振五电平逆变器。简言之,采用载波层叠脉宽调制方案,将开关电容技术与传统五电平逆变器相结合,减小了前级承受的累加电平,实现了五电平输出;并在电容充电过程与串接电感谐振,消除了电流尖峰和电压波动,同时减轻了电容的发热问题,延长电路的使用寿命。最后,对所提结构进行了仿真验证,其结果证明了所提逆变器结构方案的正确性和可行性。

新型三相电压型准Z源AC-AC变换器

提出一种新型三相准Z源AC-AC变换器的电路拓扑,并对电路的基本工作原理和结构进行了研究分析,对输入电压和输出电压的关系进行了推导。这种电路拓扑使用脉冲宽度调制法进行控制,可以达到改变输出电压的效果。运用MATLAB/Simulink搭建仿真模型,对仿真结果进行分析。最后在仿真模型基础上搭建了实验电路。实验结果验证了电路拓扑的可行性和电路分析的正确性。

适用于构网型新能源发电系统的MCSPWM多电平逆变器

构网型新能源发电系统具备系统惯量支持和电压支撑的优势,可利用各种能源之间的互补性,提高能源利用率及系统稳定性。在该系统中,多电平逆变器发挥着重要作用。为此,提出一种新型的开关电容九电平逆变器及基于高频的多重载波正弦脉宽调制(multi-carrier sinusoidal pulse width modulation,MCSPWM)策略,该逆变器在开关数量、管压应力、升压能力和控制难度等方面具有优良的综合性能。该文分析了该逆变器的工作原理和抑制电容充电电流尖峰的方法,在软硬件设计的基础上,成功研制了新型开关电容九电平逆变器实验样机。样机实验结果证明,所提出的拓扑在高频调制策略下具有输出2倍升压、双向功率流的能力,开关电容可自动均压,开关管电压应力不超过输入直流源电压Uin,并且开关电容纹波电压的峰峰值小于2V。新型开关电容九电平逆变器,在构网型新能源发电系统中具有潜在的应用前景。

DD线圈无线电能传输系统最大效率控制

DD(双D)型耦合机构的无线电能传输(WPT)系统抗偏移能力强,能降低自动引导小车(AGV)泊车控制精度要求。但双发射(Tx)结构增加了系统复杂性。对此,提出了一种DD型耦合机构的最大传输效率控制方法。首先建立了串联-串联(SS)补偿结构的WPT互感模型,利用中心对齐移相脉宽调制(PSPWM)实现多Tx协调控制;接着,针对互感参数识别问题,提出了一种基于磁场抵消的互感比值识别方法,该方法不涉及复杂计算,也不需要引入接收端(Rx)反馈。实验表明所提方法在AGV泊车不同程度偏移的情况下,均能准确识别互感比值,能量传输效率较无控制情况下明显提高。

A Synchronized Grid Integrated Three-Phase Inverter with a Renewable Source for Power Sharing

In this paper, a three-phase inverter with renewable source input is integrated into a grid in synchronization for power sharing by load. In previous topologies, the DC source connected inverter is not synchronized to the grid which causes harmonics and voltage distortions damaging the load and the source. In order to ensure power sharing by the load from the inverter and the grid, the inverter needs to be operated in synchronization to the grid with the same voltage mag-nitude, frequency and phase as that of the grid voltage. In this paper, the com-plete power from the load is shared by the three-phase grid and the three-phase inverter module reducing the consumption from the conventional grid. This is achieved using the PLL for the reference angular frequency generation with feedback from grid voltage and is connected to the sinusoidal PWM generator. The PLL is used to generate unit vector template reference signals for the signal generator operating the six-switch inverter. The inverter and grid are inter-connected through LC filter for the reduction of harmonics. The power sharing, voltage, and current graphs with THD analysis are analyzed with the help of the MATLAB software.

Novel Control Strategy for Multi-Level Active Power Filter without Phase-Locked-Loop

Active power filter (APF) using novel virtual line-flux-linkage oriented control strategy can not only realizes no phase-locked-loop (PLL) control, but also achieves a good inhibitory effect to interfere. However, there are some problems in the conventional method, such as the error of amplitude, the shift of phase angle and the non-determinacy of initial oriented angle. In this paper, two one-order low-pass filters are adopted instead of the pure integrator in the virtual line-flux-linkage observer, which can steady the phase and amplitude. Furthermore, an original scheme of harmonics detection under the rotating coordinate is advanced based on the simplified space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) strategy. Meanwhile, by using the new SVPWM algorithm, the voltage space vector diagram of the three-level inverter can be simplified and applied into that of two-level inverter, and this makes the control for Neutral Point potential easier.

Modified Single Phase SRF d-q Theory Based Controller for DVR Mitigating Voltage Sag in Case of Nonlinear Load

This paper mainly concentrates on design of improved controller and its implementation based on single phase synchronous reference frame theory (SRFT) for Dynamic Voltage Restorer (DVR) compensating voltage sag particularly for nonlinear load. In case of single phase distribution line with nonlinear load, the complexity of controller’s design becomes more serious issue. The present single phase and/or three phase theories applicable to DVR shows poor response to restore voltage sag in case of nonlinear load due to presence of harmonics. Hence restoration of voltage sag in single phase nonlinear load connected system has been a serious concern. Therefore, new controller for DVR has been proposed incorporating effective design concept for fundamental component extraction in case of nonlinear load. The single phase SRFT based main controller for DVR works on two separate closed path viz. feed forward path for quick transient response and feedback path for reducing the steady state error. Moreover, pre-sag mitigation strategy of DVR has been adapted through these two aforementioned paths. Complete design of proposed controller is based on phasor analysis. It also consist of proportional integral (PI) controller to reduce the error in the DC-link voltage during compensation time. The controller performance has been verified in MATLAB Simulink for both types (linear and nonlinear) of load. The results obtained indicates that the proposed controller is effective in its performance.

载波移相调制下模块化多电平变换器的两类共模电压机理分析

在载波移相脉宽调制下,适用于中压应用的模块化多电平变换器(modular multilevel converter,MMC)存在两类共模电压(common-mode voltage,CMV)问题,即系统共模电压(system CMV,SCMV)与桥臂共模电压(arms CMV,ACMV)。目前还未有学者对两类CMV的产生机理和基本成分进行详尽的分析,文中以开关函数和子模块电容电压波动为出发点,进而得出两类CMV的基本成分和产生来源,然后对SCMV影响下的轴电压和轴电流及ACMV影响下的桥臂环流进行分析;利用得到的两类CMV的表达式对CMV抑制策略下两类CMV的相互关系进行分析,并对两类CMV的机理分析进行仿真和实验验证,为研究两类CMV对MMC系统产生的影响及其抑制策略提供理论依据。

A General Approach for Direct Conversion of Single Phase AC to AC Converter for Induction Heating System

This paper signifies the study of modeling and simulation of a single phase matrix converter for induction heating system. The working principle and the control method, using PID are revealing in detail. The performance of the system is carried out in MATLAB/Simulink environment with pulse width modulation switching strategy by varying the duty cycle. PID control is employed to obtain the better performance for a specified input supply for various output frequencies. The proposed control strategy of AC to AC converter has been discussed with a wide range of operating frequencies and results in low Total Harmonic Distortion.

三相PWM变换器电流切换预测控制仿真及实验研究

由于功率开关器件的作用,三相脉冲宽度调制(PWM)变换器呈现典型切换系统特征。相较于广泛使用的变换器线性化建模及控制方法,三相PWM变换器切换系统建模及控制方法能够精确描述变换器工作过程,且具有控制参数少和响应速度快的优势。已有成果存在开关频率不固定和需求高采样频率的问题。针对上述问题,提出一种三相PWM变换器电流切换预测控制方法。所提方法降低了系统采样频率需求并实现了变换器定频切换控制。仿真和实验结果证明了所提方法的有效性。

电动汽车驱动电机高频边带噪声客观评价研究

针对声压级不能完全反映人耳对声音感受的问题,文章选择多种工况对电动汽车驱动电机高频边带噪声进行客观心理学参量评价。首先,进行驱动电机噪声数据采集实验并建立样本库。其次,计算样本的客观心理学参量并运用主成分分析法进行贡献量分析,并将客观心理学参量的六个维度降低至两个维度。最后,研究多种工况下两种客观心理学参量的变化规律,尤其对随机载波频率脉宽调制(Random Carrier Frequency Pulse Width Modulation,RCFPWM)策略下电机高频边带噪声进行客观评价对比分析。结果表明,主成分分析法(Principal Component Analysis,PCA)实现了多维客观心理学参量的降维,高频边带噪声中客观心理参量的主要贡献量为尖锐度和响度;不同工况条件对尖锐度和响度存在不同程度的影响,尤其是受转速变化影响较为明显;RCFPWM在降低高频边带噪声声压级的同时实现了对尖锐度幅值的抑制。文章所研究的内容不仅能够简化电机高频边带噪声客观评价流程,而且可以为电驱动总成声品质优化设计提供实验依据。

一种TSPWM调制算法的等效实现方式

针对传统三相逆变器中由于高频开关动作而产生高峰值高频共模电压的问题。首先对电机驱动系统空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)与三态脉宽调制(TSPWM)下的共模电压进行对比分析,并在此基础上研究了非连续脉宽调制(DPWM1)的调制波与TSPWM的调制波之间的关系,给出了基于载波的TSPWM调制实现方法。然后,研究了正负极性载波之间的关系,给出了负极性载波在工程上的一种实现方式。最后对所提的TSPWM调制实现方法进行仿真和试验验证。结果表明,可以用DPWM1的调制波的实现方式来实现TSPWM的调制波,负极性载波下的脉宽调制(PWM)信号可以由正极性载波代替生成。