Multi-agent Based Hierarchy Simulation Models of Carrier-based Aircraft Catapult Launch

With the aid of multi-agent based modeling approach to complex systems, the hierarchy simulation models of carrier-based aircraft catapult launch are developed. Ocean, carrier, aircraft, and atmosphere are treated as aggregation agents, the detailed components like catapult, landing gears, and disturbances are considered as meta-agents, which belong to their aggregation agent. Thus, the model with two layers is formed i.e. the aggregation agent layer and the meta-agent layer. The information communication among all agents is described. The meta-agents within one aggregation agent communicate with each other directly by information sharing, but the meta-agents, which belong to different aggregation agents exchange their information through the aggregation layer first, and then perceive it from the sharing environment, that is the aggregation agent. Thus, not only the hierarchy model is built, but also the environment perceived by each agent is specified. Meanwhile, the problem of balancing the independency of agent and the resource consumption brought by real-time communication within multi-agent system （MAS） is resolved. Each agent involved in carrier-based aircraft catapult launch is depicted, with considering the interaction within disturbed atmospheric environment and multiple motion bodies including carrier, aircraft, and landing gears. The models of reactive agents among them are derived based on tensors, and the perceived messages and inner frameworks of each agent are characterized. Finally, some results of a simulation instance are given. The simulation and modeling of dynamic system based on multi-agent system is of benefit to express physical concepts and logical hierarchy clearly and precisely. The system model can easily draw in kinds of other agents to achieve a precise simulation of more complex system. This modeling technique makes the complex integral dynamic equations of multibodies decompose into parallel operations of single agent, and it is convenient to expand, maintain, and reuse the program codes.

基于Agent的供应链演化及Repast S仿真

针对具有复杂自适应性的供应链系统,提出基于Agent的供应链演化及Repast仿真模型。模型中把供应链内部成员的进化模型归纳为四个子模型:学习子模型、创新子模型、反馈子模型以及战略子模型。通过Re-past S仿真实验表明,该模型中内部成员的进化模型可以使得供应链系统更优,具有更强的鲁棒性,很好地反映了供应链复杂系统的演化规律。

D-S多Agent飞行器结构系统早期故障智能诊断

将D-S证据理论与多A gent相结合,建立了飞行器结构系统早期故障智能诊断模型,对其实现策略、D-S融合推理算法等进行了分析和研究,并以空间飞行器防热系统为例说明了该方法的有效性。结果表明,该方法具有结构简单、组态灵活、推理速度快等特点,能够有效地对飞行器早期故障实施快速诊断,为保障飞行器安全可靠飞行提供了一种新的技术途径。

MAOCW:基于移动Agent的新型系统及其在CSCW中的应用

随着计算机网络的发展,分布式系统广为应用,但是传统C/S结构在实体间相互缺乏协同的问题,大大限制了分布式系统的发展;而移动Agent技术在异构网络中所体现的自主性、移动性、协作性和智能性等特点,为分布式系统的进一步发展提供了新思维。由此,本文提出了一种基于移动Agent技术的新型系统MAOCW,它能有效克服传统C/S结构在实体间相互缺乏协同的问题,使得在计算机支持下的系统工作环境中(CSCW),能有效处理不同群体之间的交互、协作问题,提高工作效率和质量。

一种基于D-S理论的多Agent合作决策机制

为了克服单个agent知识的局限性,提高系统决策的可靠性,提出了一种基于D-S理论的多agent合作决策机制,并对多agent合作决策进行了定义和形式化描述.多agent合作决策划分为学习和决策两个阶段,学习阶段反馈信息的引入,使各agent根据正确的训练案例和修正公式实现了冲突消解,降低了合成计算的复杂度,改进了Dragoni等人的工作,较投票机制和加权多数算法具有更高的可靠性,实验结果验证了这一结论.

基于D-S证据理论的多Agent辩论谈判策略研究

为了使Multi-Agent辩论谈判策略的生成更加科学合理,避免像贝叶斯算法、遗传算法、神经网络算法和其他机器学习方法在谈判领域对先验知识要求过高的缺陷,利用D-S证据理论方法对信息不确定情况下的辩论谈判策略进行研究,提出基于D-S证据理论的辩论谈判策略生成方法。该方法模拟人作决策时的思考和行为方式,综合考虑谈判的内外部环境状况,随时随地获取证据,对证据进行处理,分析证据处理结果作出决策。通过算例验证该方法在谈判领域的适用性和可行性。

P2P多Agent系统到B/S多Agent系统的透明迁移

相比于B/S系统而言,具有P2P结构的多Agent系统更加可靠和开放,但它不具有B/S系统的一些优点。本文提出并实现了一种体系结构使得现有P2P结构的多Agent系统能够透明移植到B/S结构下。

基于D-S证据的多Agent不确定结论模型框架

抓住智能体的独立行为特性,针对多智能体不确定结论的综合问题,提出了一种基于D-S证据理论的多智能体不确定结论求解模型。对传统的D-S公式进行了扩充和改进,从而解决了多智能体之间结论的信息融合问题,并对模型进行了模拟仿真。

Gastrocolic fistula in Crohn’s disease detected by oral agent contrast-enhanced ultrasound: A case report of a novel ultrasound modality

BACKGROUND Fistulas are common complications of Crohn’s disease(CD).Gastrocolic fistulas(GFs)are rare,occult and potentially life-threatening complications.Few cases of GFs have been reported.Oral agent contrast-enhanced ultrasound(OA-CEUS)is a novel technique of ultrasound(US)for gut.Contrast agent made by Chinese yam is taken orally to dilate the lumen of the upper gastrointestinal tract.Thus,the impediment of gas inside gastrointestinal tract is removed and a good acoustic window is provided for gastroin-testinal tract scanning.This paper describes a case of GF secondary to CD detected by OA-CEUS when it was missed by endoscopy and computed tomography(CT).To our knowledge,this is the first report of GF secondary to CD detected by OA-CEUS up to date.CASE SUMMARY A 29-year-old woman with a 6-year history of CD was admitted to our hospital for abdominal pain and diarrhea for 5 months without obvious predisposing causes.Initial gastroscopy failed to show any evidence of lesions.Colonoscopy revealed multiple erosions,mucosal nodularity,linear ulcers and a cobblestone appearance.A CT scan of her abdomen showed a complex multilocular structure adherent to the greater curvature of the stomach in her left lower abdomen,with fluid,gas and significant surrounding inflammation.CT also demonstrated an abdominal abscess,which was later treated with US-guided drainage.Colonoscopy,gastroscopy and CT missed the presence of a GF.OA-CEUS was performed.A contrast agent made from Chinese yam was taken orally to dilate the lumen of the gastrointestinal tract.A good acoustic window was provided for gastrointestinal tract scanning and the impediment of gas inside the gastrointestinal tract was removed.With the aid of the“window”,a canal with hypoechoic wall was identified connecting the greater curvature of stomach to the splenic colon flexure in free sections.We also observed the hyperechoic gas flowing dynamically inside the canal.Thus,a GF was suspected.US is the first imaging modality taking GF into account.At the same time,OA-CEUS identified the site of the fistula and its two orifices.Gastroscopy was performed again,revealing a small ulcer approximately 5 mm in diameter,which was considered as an orifice.On the basis of OA-CEUS and other examinations,the patient was diagnosed with a GF secondary to CD.Then,laparoscopic exploration,partial stomach resection,transverse colostomy and abdominal abscess drainage were performed.The patient recovered uneventfully.CONCLUSION GFs are rare,occult and potentially life-threatening complications in CD.US is one of the first-line modalities to evaluate CD and its complications.OA-CEUS,a novel technique of US for gut,may be helpful in reducing the possibility of a missed diagnosis of GF.

Neuroprotection by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Parkinson's disease

Parkinson’s disease（PD） is an age-related neurodegenerative disease for which the characteristic motor symptoms emerge after an extensive loss of dopamine containing neurons.The cell bodies of these neurons are present in the substantia nigra,with the nerve terminals being in the striatum.Both innate and adaptive immune responses may contribute to dopaminergic neurodegeneration and disease progression is potentially linked to these.Studies in the last twenty years have indicated an important role for neuroinflammation in PD through degeneration of the nigrostriatal dopaminergic pathway.Characteristic of neuroinflammation is the activation of brain glial cells,principally microglia and astrocytes that release various soluble factors.Many of these factors are proinflammatory and neurotoxic and harmful to nigral dopaminergic neurons.Recent studies have identified several different agents with immunomodulatory properties that protected dopaminergic neurons from degeneration and death in animal models of PD.All of the agents were effective in reducing the motor deficit and alleviating dopaminergic neurotoxicity and,when measured,preventing the decrease of dopamine upon being administered therapeutically after 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine,6-hydroxydopamine,rotenone-lesioning or delivery of adeno-associated virus-α-synuclein to the ventral midbrain of animals.Some of these agents were shown to exert an anti-inflammatory action,decrease oxidative stress,and reduce lipid peroxidation products.Activation of microglia and astrocytes was also decreased,as well as infiltration of T cells into the substantia nigra.Pretreatment with fingolimod,tanshinoine I,dimethyl fumarate,thalidomide,or cocaine-and amphetamine-regulated transcript peptide as a preventive strategy ameliorated motor deficits and nigral dopaminergic neurotoxicity in brain-lesioned animals.Immunomodulatory agents could be used to treat patients with early clinical signs of the disease or potentially even prior to disease onset in those identified as having pre-disposing risk,including genetic factors.

Amelioration of Alzheimer's disease pathology and cognitive deficits by immunomodulatory agents in animal models of Alzheimer's disease

The most common age-related neurodegenerative disease is Alzheimer's disease(AD) characterized by aggregated amyloid-β(Aβ) peptides in extracellular plaques and aggregated hyperphosphorylated tau protein in intraneuronal neurofibrillary tangles,together with loss of cholinergic neurons,synaptic alterations,and chronic inflammation within the brain.These lead to progressive impairment of cognitive function.There is evidence of innate immune activation in AD with microgliosis.Classically-activated microglia(M1 state) secrete inflammatory and neurotoxic mediators,and peripheral immune cells are recruited to inflammation sites in the brain.The few drugs approved by the US FDA for the treatment of AD improve symptoms but do not change the course of disease progression and may cause some undesirable effects.Translation of active and passive immunotherapy targeting Aβ in AD animal model trials had limited success in clinical trials.Treatment with immunomodulatory/anti-inflammatory agents early in the disease process,while not preventive,is able to inhibit the inflammatory consequences of both Aβ and tau aggregation.The studies described in this review have identified several agents with immunomodulatory properties that alleviated AD pathology and cognitive impairment in animal models of AD.The majority of the animal studies reviewed had used transgenic models of early-onset AD.More effort needs to be given to creat models of late-onset AD.The effects of a combinational therapy involving two or more of the tested pharmaceutical agents,or one of these agents given in conjunction with one of the cell-based therapies,in an aged animal model of AD would warrant investigation.

Colitis associated with biological agents

In the past,there has been considerable focus on a host of drugs and chemicals that may produce colonic toxicity.Now,a variety of new biological monoclonal antibody agents,usually administered by infusion,have appeared in the clinical realm over the last decade or so to treat different chronic inflammatory or malignant disorders.For some of these agents,adverse effects have been documented,including apparently new forms of immune-mediated inflammatory bowel disease.In some,only limited symptoms have been recorded,but in others,severe colitis with serious complications,such as bowel perforation has been recorded.In others,adverse effects may have a direct vascular or ischemic basis,while other intestinal effects may be related to a superimposed infection.Some new onset cases of ulcerative colitis or Crohn's disease may also be attributed to the same agents used to treat these diseases,or be responsible for disease exacerbation.Dramatic and well documented side effects have been observed with ipilimumab,a humanized monoclonal antibody developed to reduce and overcome cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4,a key negative feedback regulator of the T-cell anti-tumor response.This agent has frequently been used in the treatment of different malignancies,notably,malignant melanoma.Side effects with this agent occur in up to 40% and these are believed to be largely immune-mediated.One of these is a form of enterocolitis that may be severe,and occa-sionally,fatal.Other agents include rituximab(an antiCD20 monoclonal antibody),bevacizumab(a monoclonal antibody against the vascular endothelial growth factor) and anti-tumor necrosis factor agents,including infliximab,adalimumab and etanercept.

新型分散型抗垢剂在S Zorb装置的工业应用

中国石化广州分公司S Zorb装置为有效抑制原料侧换热器E-7101A-G因高温结垢而导致的换热器传热效率下降、换热器总压差上涨过快等影响装置长周期运行问题,决定使用浙江杭化科技股份有限公司生产的新型分散型抗垢剂HK-17DC。工业应用结果表明,HK-17DC在线除垢及阻垢作用良好,且使用HK-17DC对装置运行和产品质量无不良影响。

基于免疫多Agent技术的煤矿综合能耗B/S动态监控方法

为实现煤矿内所有耗能设备的动态监控,为节能优化措施的提出提供重要依据,进一步贯彻落实国家绿色低碳环保的发展理念,提出基于免疫多Agent技术的煤矿综合能耗B/S动态监控方法。结合自动控制理论和计算机技术,根据分站控制原理,合理划分煤矿内能源消耗设备的类型,并为每个设备配备可编程控制器。通过极大似然估计法构建线性方程,确定各组设备的监测节点位置。利用多种通信协议,在三层网络结构中部署B/S监测架构,从计量终端收集煤矿能耗设备的运行数据。基于免疫多Agent技术构建学习模型,分析并推理接收到的数据信息,实现对煤矿综合能耗的动态监测。结果表明:以不同的能耗设备为测试对象,基于免疫多Agent技术的煤矿综合能耗B/S动态监控方法可以准确地获取全部运行信息,有效实现能耗设备的动态监测,能够全面监控煤矿中所有耗能设备的运行情况,并为其后期运行和管理提供理论依据,具有应用价值。

Foveal pit morphological changes in asymptomatic carriers of the G11778A mutation with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy

AIM:To investigate the foveal pit morphology changes in unaffected carriers and affected Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy(LHON)patients with the G11778 A mutation from one family.METHODS:This study was a prospective cross-sectional study.Both eyes from 16 family members(age from 9 to 47 y)with the G11778 A mutation were analyzed and compared with 1 eye from 20 normal control subjects.Eleven family members with the G11778 A mutation but without optic neuropathy were classified as unaffected carriers(n=22 eyes).Five family members(n=10 eyes)expressed the LHON phenotype and were classified as affected patients.Retinal images of all the subjects were taken by optical coherence tomography(OCT),and an automatic algorithm was used to segment the retina to eight layers.Horizontal and vertical OCT images centered on the fovea were used to measure intra-retinal layer thicknesses and foveal morphometry.RESULTS:Thicker foveal thickness,thinner foveal pit depth,and flatter foveal slopes were observed in unaffected carriers and affected LHON patients(all P<0.001).Further,the slopes of all four sectors in the LHON were flatter than those in the unaffected carriers(all P<0.001).Compared with the control group,affected LHON patients had a thinner retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL),ganglion cell layer and inner plexiform layer(GCL+IPL),and total retina(all P<0.01).The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)of affected patients was 38.0%thinner than that of controls while the GCL+IPL was 40.1%thinner.CONCLUSION:The foveal pit morphology shows changes in both unaffected carriers and affects patients.RNFL and GCL+IPL are thinner in affected LHON patients but not in unaffected carriers.

移动Agent系统JADE-S的研究与改进

提出了使用签名jar文件以及分离私钥和所属Agent的策略来建立一种安全的移动代理通信通道的方法。移动代理的安全性问题是目前研究十分广泛的一个复杂问题。文中对多Agent系统的安全性问题进行了全面的分析,并结合移动Agent平台JADE-S,深入研究了该平台的特点和安全方案,指出了它存在的安全缺陷。在此基础上,提出了采用签名jar文件以及分离私钥和所属Agent的策略来完善JADE-S的安全性,最后指出了下一步工作重点。

Tuning the type of charge carriers in N-heterocyclic carbene-based molecular junctions through electrodes

Designing tunable molecular devices with different charge carriers in single-molecule junctions is crucial to the nextgeneration electronic technology.Recently,it has been demonstrated that the type of charge carriers depends on and can be tuned by controlling the molecular length and the number of interfacial covalent bonds.In this study,we show that the type of charge carriers can also be tuned by controlling the material and shape of electrodes.N-heterocyclic carbenes(NHCs)have attracted attention because of their ability to form strong,substitutional inert bonds in a variety of metals.Also,NHCs are more stable than the widely used thiol group.Therefore,we use electrodes to tune the type of charge carriers in a series of NHCs with different side groups.The ab initio calculations based on non-equilibrium Green’s formalism combined with density functional theory show that the dominant charge carrier switches from electrons to holes when gold electrodes are changed into platinum ones.The nature of the charge carriers can be identified by variations in the transport spectra at the Fermi level(EF),which are caused by the side groups.The projections of transport spectra onto the central molecules further validate our inferences.In addition,the transmission coefficient at EF is found to be dependent on the atomic interface structure.In particular,for the NHC without methyl or ethyl side groups,connecting a protruding atom on the electrode surface significantly enhances the transportability of both electrode materials.Overall,this study presents an effective approach to modifying transport properties,which has potential applications in designing functional molecular devices based on NHCs.

Influence of Nucleating Agent on the Formation of C_4A_3S

The reference test methods are carried out parallelly, by means of chemical analysis, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry-thermogravimetry, scanning electron microscopy and polarized optical microscope to study the formation of C4A3S in the presence and absence of nucleating agent. The results show that nucleating agent with high calcium and low heat consumption as tricalcium silicate （C3S） promotes the formation of C4A3S and increases desulfurization degree obviously. During calcining raw meals doped with C3S, the grain sizes of C4A3S are larger compared with that without C3S. And at the same calcining level, the mass loss and the heat consumption belonged to CaCO3 decomposition is reduced.

A study on indirect radiolabeling of IgG with carrier free ^(188)Re

188Re labeled monoclonal antibodies are potential candidates for use in radioimmunotherapy. S-Bz-MAG3 as a bifunctional chelating agent was used for labeling of IgG with carrier free 188Re by pre-radiolabeling of the chelating approach. The conjugation conditions were optimized. The stability of 188Re-MAG3-IgG in vitro was high. The results may be useful to the studies of 188Re labeled MAbs for radioimmunotherapy.

Relationship between Sea Surface Single Carrier Waves and Decreasing Pressures of Atmosphere Lower Boundary

Descriptions of unusually high waves appearing on the sea surface for a short time (freak, rogue or killer waves) have been considered as a part of marine folklore for a long time. A number of instrumental registrations have appeared recently making the community to pay more attention to this problem and to reconsider known observations of freak waves. To allow a better understanding of the behavior of rogue waves associated with tornadoes in terms of their origin, the nonlinear theory of off-balance systems is developed in the specific case of strong agitations constantly seen on the surface of extensive and deep rivers, when they are crossed by an atmosphere’s low pressure system (tornadoes, cyclones, hurricanes, etc.). A mathematical model based on the Navier-Stokes and Euler Lagrange equations coupled with assumptions derived from instrumental registrations on the training locations (or birth places) of freak waves is developed to enhance the physics of processes responsible for the formation (or origin) of the waves associated with atmosphere’s low pressure systems. Freak waves births’ constraints are mainly the need for both consistent water (i.e., extensive-deep rivers) and potential velocity flow availabilities. Numerical simulations, based on the use of the NLSE (Nonlinear Schrodinger Equation) are performed to validate our mathematical model on the births of single carrier waves associated with atmosphere’s low pressure systems.