Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

A distributed VSG control method for a battery energy storage system with a cascaded H-bridge in a grid-connected mode

With the high penetration of renewable energy,new challenges,such as power fluctuation suppression and inertial support capability,have arisen in the power sector.Battery energy storage systems play an essential role in renewable energy integration.In this paper,a distributed virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control method for a battery energy storage system(BESS)with a cascaded H-bridge converter in a grid-connected mode is proposed.The VSG is developed without communication dependence,and state-of-charge(SOC)balancing control is achieved using the distributed average algorithm.Owing to the low varying speed of SOC,the bandwidth of the distributed communication networks is extremely slow,which decreases the cost.Therefore,the proposed method can simultaneously provide inertial support and accurate SOC balancing.The stability is also proved using root locus analysis.Finally,simulations under different conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

基于级联式整流电源的恒流均压控制方法

针对电磁探测的大功率电磁场激发需要,文中采用输入并联输出串联的级联式整流电源,提高输出电压等级,保证激发功率。为了满足电磁探测过程中输出电流的稳定性,提出了基于双闭环的恒流均压控制算法。分析了级联式直流电源恒流均压输出的原理,建立了电源的数学模型,设计了电压电流环的控制器,在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建仿真模型并通过控制器参数优化从而降低误差。级联式直流电源由于上下两部分可能存在器件参数不同的情况,这就导致在恒流控制下两级电源输出电压不同,在动态情况下的偏差会更大从而引起器件不均压而损坏,因此在考虑控制恒流输出的同时需要加入控制均压输出。通过对输出电流电压进行采样,经控制器转换为相应的脉冲触发所对应的开关器件从而实现恒流均压输出。仿真结果显示输出电流控制在2 A,电流变化在5%以下。

单相PET级联整流SVPWM均压边界及拓展方法

电力电子变压器(power electronic transformer,PET)是交直流配电系统互联的重要接口设备,然而后级等效负载不平衡将造成前级整流器各模块的电压偏移。针对单相级联H桥整流器空间矢量调制均压失效问题,推导出基于最优矢量选择均压策略的边界计算方法。根据计算所得的负载不平衡度限制边界与级联模块数、调制度以及功率因数的关系,提出了变调制度和功率因数的控制策略以增加均压能力。该策略通过改变直流电压或降低功率因数来重建更宽的均压工作范围,确保原不平衡度均压极限的系统稳定运行。最后,通过三模块级联整流器的仿真与实验验证了该均压边界的正确性,以及所提均压拓展方法保障极端不平衡负载条件下均压的有效性。

单相级联H桥整流器平方电压反馈控制算法

以单相级联H桥整流器为研究对象,对其控制策略进行了研究。首先在采用双闭环控制策略的基础上,构建了dq前馈解耦模型,并通过二阶广义积分算法改善了虚拟交流分量对系统的影响,实现了网侧电流对电压相位、频率的快速精确追踪。其次,对传统电压平衡控制算法进行了改进,通过对功率平衡关系的定义,将输出电压平方作为控制信号,增强了系统自适应能力,提高了系统在投切载时的动态性能。最后,基于MATLAB/Simulink软件进行仿真,验证了所提策略的正确性和有效性。

单相级联整流器开路故障诊断和容错均压空间矢量脉宽调制算法

针对单相级联H桥整流器(CHBR)的功率开关器件存在的开路故障问题,研究一种开关管开路故障的快速诊断算法,以及针对开关管开路故障的容错均压空间矢量脉宽调制(SVPWM)算法。首先,该文分析单相CHBR功率开关管开路故障时电流流通路径的变化,建立电流误差变化率的分析模型,并提出一种基于电流误差变化率的快速诊断算法。该算法可以快速且准确地定位到故障开关管,且易于在程序中实现。其次,该文提出一种故障容错均压SVPWM算法,该算法在开关管开路故障时利用冗余矢量和冗余开关状态可以使系统在发生故障时仍然可以正常运行,并且各模块间的直流电压也能保持均衡。最后,通过仿真和实验验证了该文所提算法的可行性。

吗啉精馏过程塔釜温度串级控制系统应用研究

针对吗啉精馏过程塔釜温度易受压力波动干扰问题,研究了串级PID控制方案。通过对现场生产数据进行系统辨识获得被控对象传递函数,利用Simulink搭建仿真模型,验证了串级PID控制方案的可行性,基于S7-300PLC设计了塔釜温度串级控制系统。该控制方案实现简单、调试方便,易于在PLC系统中实施,具有良好的推广价值。

单相级联H桥整流器电压平衡与纹波抑制策略研究

对传统单相级联H桥整流器主电路加以改进,增加了功率解耦桥臂,建立了数学模型,并对电压平衡和纹波抑制策略进行了研究。首先,整体回路采用双闭环控制,通过二阶广义积分方法优化了基波信号的提取方案;其次,对系统功率平衡关系进行推导,建立网侧电流和电容电压平方的一次关系模型,并引入可变比例环节,有效提升系统抵御参数变化的鲁棒性;然后,采用独立式Buck型有源功率解耦控制策略,通过运算实时分配解耦桥臂开关管占空比,设计自适应选频器分离二次纹波信号,实现对直流母线二次纹波电压脉动的抑制。最后,基于Matlab/Simulink软件进行试验验证,所提方法能够有效地解决电压平衡和二次纹波功率抑制问题。

基于简化空间矢量调制的三电平整流器级联式无差拍控制策略

为解决有限控制集模型预测控制(FCS-MPC)运行过程中计算强度过大与计算时间过长的问题,提出了一种基于简化空间矢量调制的三电平整流器级联式无差拍控制策略,通过构建特定扇区选出最佳电压矢量。为建立精确的系统模型,深入分析三电平整流器,构建二维离散系统数学模型,基于无差拍控制理念设计了一套功率内环与电压外环的双环控制方案,并建立Luenberger观测器对电力扰动及负载变化进行精确估测与补偿,使无功功率与有功功率快速解耦和响应。结合上述系统架构,分别建立常规、单预测、简化预测FCS-MPC模型,并证明其等效性。分析不同约束变量对电压矢量决策的影响,并构建特定选择扇区设计简化的空间矢量调制策略。实验结果表明,所提控制控制策略能够在多重约束条件下改进性能,并且在保持控制效果不变的前提下,大幅度减少计算量。

基于自抗扰解耦的电力电子牵引变压器整流级直接功率控制

【目的】为改善电力电子牵引变压器(PETT)整流级在传统dq电流解耦双闭环控制下抗干扰能力差、对参数变化敏感、谐波含量高等问题。【方法】通过对直接功率控制(DPC)的解耦方式进行改进,提出了一种无需系统角频率和电感参数基于自抗扰控制(ADRC)的功率解耦控制器。最后,在Matlab/Simulink中搭建模型进行不同工况的仿真分析。【结果】仿真结果表明新型控制策略较传统控制策略网侧电流THD值减少5.38%,等效电感突变时电压跌落值减少48 V,电压频率偏移时电压跌落值减少14 V,新型控制策略在负载突变和负载不平衡工况下具有较好的平衡控制效果。【结论】该控制器通过解耦实现了有功功率和无功功率精确且独立的控制。仿真结果验证了所提控制策略的合理性与有效性。

煤矿场景下单相级联H桥整流器解耦控制方法研究

针对单相级联H桥整流器的电力电子设备在煤矿场景下运行过程中直流侧存在二次电压纹波,导致网侧电流畸变、电容值漂移等问题,通过分析单相级联H桥整流器直流侧二次电压纹波的形成原因,提出了一种基于分裂电容不相等的独立型解耦拓扑的优化控制方法。该方法通过在电容两端叠加二倍工频的电压来抵消二次电压纹波,实现了直流侧二次电压纹波的有效抑制。针对3种基于构造二次电压的解耦方式(直流分裂电容值不等,直流电压分量相等;直流分裂电容值不等,且直流电压分量也不等;直流分裂电容值相等,直流电压分量不等)进行了参数设计和控制策略的研究,并通过分析参数对二次电压幅值的影响,确定了最优的参数取值范围,以实现有效的功率解耦,并减小电容值,降低设备体积和成本。仿真结果表明:①在0.2 s时加入分裂电容的独立型解耦拓扑(SC−IAPD)电路,基于解耦方式2的SC−IAPD电路控制方法、基于解耦方式2的SC−IAPD电路的优化控制方法、基于解耦方式1的SC−IAPD电路控制方法的直流侧输出电压纹波都控制在1~1.5 V,说明对称半桥解耦电路可有效抑制直流电压波动,同时在负荷变化时具有良好的解耦性能。②在轻载切重载的情况下,基于解耦方式2的SC−IAPD电路的优化控制方法能快速跟随负载变化,实现纹波的抑制,具有更强的带载能力和更佳的解耦效果。而在重载切轻载的情况下,基于解耦方式1的SC−IAPD电路控制方法能够更好地实现解耦性能,将电压纹波控制在1 V以内。如果考虑电容值的最小化,基于解耦方式2的SC−IAPD电路的控制方法则更具优势。实验结果表明:①负载突变前,传统控制方法和基于二次电压的解耦控制方法都能有效抑制直流侧的电压纹波,但基于二次电压的解耦控制方法在抑制电压纹波方面效果更佳,使直流侧的电压纹波更小。②负载突变后,传统控制方法无法维持直流侧电压的稳定性,出现较大的震荡,失去稳定性。

基于线性自抗扰控制的单相电力电子变压器整流级控制策略

针对电力电子变压器的非线性特性,传统PI控制的单相电力电子变压器整流级具有对参数变化敏感,响应速度慢,抗扰性能差的特点。提出了一种基于线性自抗扰控制(line active disturbance rejection control,LADRC)的电压环控制策略,该控制策略具有响应速度快、超调量小、鲁棒性强的特点。在仿真软件MATLAB/Simulink中通过搭建三级联H桥整流器模型进行仿真,并与传统PI控制器相比较,仿真结果表明所采用控制策略的优越性、有效性。

Evaluation of 1.2 kV SiC MOSFETs in Multilevel Cascaded H-bridge Three-phase Inverter for Medium-voltage Grid Applications

A study is conducted to evaluate 1.2 kV silicon-carbide(SiC)MOSFETs in a cascaded H-bridge(CHB)three-phase inverter for medium-voltage applications.The main purpose of this topology is to remove the need for a bulky 60 Hz transformer normally used to step up the output signal of a voltage source inverter to a medium-voltage level.Using SiC devices(1.2-6.5 kV SiC MOSFETs)which have a high breakdown voltage,enables the system to meet and withstand the medium-voltage stress using only a minimal number of cascaded modules.The SiC-based power electronics when used in the presented topology considerably reduce the complexity usually encountered when Si devices are used to meet the medium-voltage level and power scalability.Simulation and preliminary experimental results on a low-voltage prototype verifies the nine-level CHB topology presented in this study.

Finite-time robust control for transformerless H-bridge cascaded STATCOM with star configuration

This article presents a finite-time robust control(FTRC)of a transformerless STATCOM based on a cascaded multilevel H-bridge converter(CMHC)with star configuration.The FTRC is first proposed for the current loop control of a CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM by using the finite time robust control theory.Taking the parameters,perturbations and external disturbances into account and using coordinate transformation method,the nonlinear dynamic model of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM is transformed into a standard nonlinear port-controlled dissipative Hamiltonian(PCDH)structure.Based on the PCDH structure,an FTRC is designed for the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM to improve the transient stability and oscillation damping of power system.Finally,the simulation results demonstrate that the FTRC has better dynamic performance and strong robustness in comparison with the passivity-based control of the CMHC-based transformerless STATCOM.

变换器级联运行有功电流传输极限分析及优化

级联运行的电压控制型变换器和电流控制型变换器在离网型微网中广泛应用。针对电压控制型变换器和电流控制型变换器级联运行的电流极限问题,证明输出电流达到极限值会致使系统失稳,严重限制系统输出功率。因系统呈高阶特性,该电流极限的理论值难以直接从阻抗稳定判据推导得到。由此,该文分析并验证阻抗稳定判据和复转矩系数法的一致性,并采用复转矩系数法推导系统有功电流传输极限值,其中包括电压控制型变换器和电流控制型逆变器的级联有功电流极限值以及电压控制型变换器和电流控制型整流器的级联有功电流极限值。然后,分析控制器参数对电流极限值的影响,指出调整控制器参数无法使系统电流极限得到有效突破。由此,为提升系统可传输有功电流,从而提升输出功率,针对电压控制型变换器,考虑其过载限流能力,提出一种改进电压控制方法。最后,通过仿真和实验结果验证研究结果的正确性和所提电压控制方法的有效性。

级联H桥整流器谐波分析及混合控制

针对单相级联H桥整流器(cascadedH-bridge rectifier,CHBR)输入输出瞬时功率不平衡导致直流侧电压中含有二倍频纹波,造成网侧电流低次谐波污染的问题,提出了一种嵌入N次陷波滤波器的混合控制策略。首先根据CHBR数学模型和双闭环控制策略,分析CHBR网侧电流谐波产生的机理及推导其谐波分布规律。其次在dq旋转坐标系下的前馈解耦控制基础上,引入瞬态直接电流控制思想。然后分析了N次陷波滤波器对网侧电流谐波的抑制效果,给出N次陷波滤波器参数设计和离散方法。接着详细讨论了N次陷波器嵌入电流内环控制的设计方法,该方法有效抑制了网侧电流的3、5、7次等低次谐波,减少了PI控制器的负荷。最后,实验结果表明所提控制策略具有更小的电压超调和更短的动态响应时间,明显降低了网侧电流畸变率。