China is rich in hydropower resources,and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential,which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China.As the main way...China is rich in hydropower resources,and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential,which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China.As the main way of water resources and hydropower development,the construction of cascade hydropower stations,while meeting the requirements of water resources utilization for social development,has also brought adverse effects on river ecosystems.Therefore,the impact of the construction of cascade hydropower stations on mountainous river ecosystems,where the minimum ecological flow of rivers must be ensured and reviewed.In addition,this paper proposed the deficiencies and outlooks for cascade hydropower stations based on previous research results.展开更多
圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现...圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,分布范围随着电站蓄水不断缩减并呈现出片段化,大坝建成运行几年后,库区不再有圆口铜鱼分布,坝下流水江段仍有圆口铜鱼分布;圆口铜鱼繁殖群体分布范围愈来愈窄,目前金沙江下游仅乌东德水电站坝下流水江段东川渡口能监测到亲鱼;攀枝花断面和巧家、皎平渡断面所监测到的圆口铜鱼产卵规模显著下降。通过对圆口铜鱼资源变化等研究进展的梳理,提出圆口铜鱼保护建议:加强栖息地和产卵场保护,构建人工产卵场;对圆口铜鱼人工种群应开展相应的遗传管理,并进行放流效果评估研究;修建过鱼设施,使圆口铜鱼能顺利通过大坝完成生殖洄游,保护其种群延续。展开更多
已有研究表明坝式水电站蓄水对局地气候有重要影响,但目前对梯级水电站蓄水的气候效应还不清楚,尤其是在干热河谷地区。为深入研究梯级水电站对区域气候的影响,以2005~2020年金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡梯级水电站所在流域及周边区域38个...已有研究表明坝式水电站蓄水对局地气候有重要影响,但目前对梯级水电站蓄水的气候效应还不清楚,尤其是在干热河谷地区。为深入研究梯级水电站对区域气候的影响,以2005~2020年金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡梯级水电站所在流域及周边区域38个气象站监测数据为基础,采用ANUSPLIN(Australian National University Spline)模型模拟流域内的气温、降水参数,进而采用PELT(Pruned Exact Linear Time)算法、CV(Coefficient of Variation)和Trend方法探究梯级水库蓄水前后气候的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)ANUSPLIN模型能较好地模拟气温和降水,气温、降水模拟的相对误差分别介于2.26%~10.62%和9.74%~38.14%之间,且该模型对高温、旱季的模拟效果分别优于低温、雨季。(2)蓄水后流域年均气温的降温幅度较蓄水前有所增大,其中冬、夏季表现为气温增加,春、秋季表现为气温降低;年降水量降低的趋势也较蓄水前极大减缓,并且夏、秋、冬三季的降水量均表现为增加。(3)从突变检验结果来看,蓄水后冬、夏季气温均有突变现象;春、夏、秋季以及年降水量也都发生了突变。(4)蓄水后,流域气温、降水均呈现变异减弱、稳定性增强的特征,且距离库区越近,稳定性越强。研究成果有助于加深理解大型梯级水电开发所引起的气候变化效应。展开更多
基金This research was funded by Guangxi key R&D program(Guike AB19259015)and Guangxi key R&D program(Guike AB20297017)Guangxi Key Laboratory of Water Engineering Materials and Structures fund program(GXHRI-WZMS-2020-07).
文摘China is rich in hydropower resources,and mountain rivers have abundant water resources and huge development potential,which have a profound impact on the pattern of water resources allocation in China.As the main way of water resources and hydropower development,the construction of cascade hydropower stations,while meeting the requirements of water resources utilization for social development,has also brought adverse effects on river ecosystems.Therefore,the impact of the construction of cascade hydropower stations on mountainous river ecosystems,where the minimum ecological flow of rivers must be ensured and reviewed.In addition,this paper proposed the deficiencies and outlooks for cascade hydropower stations based on previous research results.
文摘圆口铜鱼(Coreius guichenoti(Sauvage et Dabry))是国家二级重点保护野生动物和长江上游特有鱼类,为中国典型的淡水洄游性鱼类,研究梯级电站建设背景下圆口铜鱼资源变化对保护圆口铜鱼具有重要意义。综合文献调研及野外监测结果,发现圆口铜鱼资源量呈下降趋势,分布范围随着电站蓄水不断缩减并呈现出片段化,大坝建成运行几年后,库区不再有圆口铜鱼分布,坝下流水江段仍有圆口铜鱼分布;圆口铜鱼繁殖群体分布范围愈来愈窄,目前金沙江下游仅乌东德水电站坝下流水江段东川渡口能监测到亲鱼;攀枝花断面和巧家、皎平渡断面所监测到的圆口铜鱼产卵规模显著下降。通过对圆口铜鱼资源变化等研究进展的梳理,提出圆口铜鱼保护建议:加强栖息地和产卵场保护,构建人工产卵场;对圆口铜鱼人工种群应开展相应的遗传管理,并进行放流效果评估研究;修建过鱼设施,使圆口铜鱼能顺利通过大坝完成生殖洄游,保护其种群延续。
文摘已有研究表明坝式水电站蓄水对局地气候有重要影响,但目前对梯级水电站蓄水的气候效应还不清楚,尤其是在干热河谷地区。为深入研究梯级水电站对区域气候的影响,以2005~2020年金沙江下游向家坝-溪洛渡梯级水电站所在流域及周边区域38个气象站监测数据为基础,采用ANUSPLIN(Australian National University Spline)模型模拟流域内的气温、降水参数,进而采用PELT(Pruned Exact Linear Time)算法、CV(Coefficient of Variation)和Trend方法探究梯级水库蓄水前后气候的时空变化特征。结果表明:(1)ANUSPLIN模型能较好地模拟气温和降水,气温、降水模拟的相对误差分别介于2.26%~10.62%和9.74%~38.14%之间,且该模型对高温、旱季的模拟效果分别优于低温、雨季。(2)蓄水后流域年均气温的降温幅度较蓄水前有所增大,其中冬、夏季表现为气温增加,春、秋季表现为气温降低;年降水量降低的趋势也较蓄水前极大减缓,并且夏、秋、冬三季的降水量均表现为增加。(3)从突变检验结果来看,蓄水后冬、夏季气温均有突变现象;春、夏、秋季以及年降水量也都发生了突变。(4)蓄水后,流域气温、降水均呈现变异减弱、稳定性增强的特征,且距离库区越近,稳定性越强。研究成果有助于加深理解大型梯级水电开发所引起的气候变化效应。