Coordinated Capacitor Voltage Balancing Method for Cascaded H-bridge Inverter with Supercapacitor and DC-DC Stage

Cascaded H-bridge inverter(CHBI) with supercapacitors(SCs) and dc-dc stage shows significant promise for medium to high voltage energy storage applications. This paper investigates the voltage balance of capacitors within the CHBI, including both the dc-link capacitors and SCs. Balance control over the dc-link capacitor voltages is realized by the dcdc stage in each submodule(SM), while a hybrid modulation strategy(HMS) is implemented in the H-bridge to balance the SC voltages among the SMs. Meanwhile, the dc-link voltage fluctuations are analyzed under the HMS. A virtual voltage variable is introduced to coordinate the balancing of dc-link capacitor voltages and SC voltages. Compared to the balancing method that solely considers the SC voltages, the presented method reduces the dc-link voltage fluctuations without affecting the voltage balance of SCs. Finally, both simulation and experimental results verify the effectiveness of the presented method.

Model Predictive Control for Cascaded H-Bridge PV Inverter with Capacitor Voltage Balance

We designed an improved direct-current capacitor voltage balancing control model predictive control(MPC)for single-phase cascaded H-bridge multilevel photovoltaic(PV)inverters.Compared with conventional voltage balanc-ing control methods,the method proposed could make the PV strings of each submodule operate at their maximum power point by independent capacitor voltage control.Besides,the predicted and reference value of the grid-connected current was obtained according to the maximum power output of the maximum power point tracking.A cost function was con-structed to achieve the high-precision grid-connected control of the CHB inverter.Finally,the effectiveness of the proposed control method was verified through a semi-physical simulation platform with three submodules.

A distributed VSG control method for a battery energy storage system with a cascaded H-bridge in a grid-connected mode

With the high penetration of renewable energy,new challenges,such as power fluctuation suppression and inertial support capability,have arisen in the power sector.Battery energy storage systems play an essential role in renewable energy integration.In this paper,a distributed virtual synchronous generator(VSG)control method for a battery energy storage system(BESS)with a cascaded H-bridge converter in a grid-connected mode is proposed.The VSG is developed without communication dependence,and state-of-charge(SOC)balancing control is achieved using the distributed average algorithm.Owing to the low varying speed of SOC,the bandwidth of the distributed communication networks is extremely slow,which decreases the cost.Therefore,the proposed method can simultaneously provide inertial support and accurate SOC balancing.The stability is also proved using root locus analysis.Finally,simulations under different conditions are carried out to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Topology and Vortex Structures of Turbine Cascade with Different Tip Clearances

This paper uses the topology theory to analyze the surface flowspectrums of straight, positively curved and negatively curvedcascades with relative tip clearances of 0.023 and 0.036, findsapparent differences of topology and vortex structures in the bladetip and the suction side wall corner of single type of cascade withthis two clearances, and studies the mechanism of the differenceformation as well as their effects o the energy loss.

Design of Network Cascade Structure for Image Super-Resolution

Image super resolution is an important field of computer research.The current mainstream image super-resolution technology is to use deep learning to mine the deeper features of the image,and then use it for image restoration.However,most of these models mentioned above only trained the images in a specific scale and do not consider the relationships between different scales of images.In order to utilize the information of images at different scales,we design a cascade network structure and cascaded super-resolution convolutional neural networks.This network contains three cascaded FSRCNNs.Due to each sub FSRCNN can process a specific scale image,our network can simultaneously exploit three scale images,and can also use the information of three different scales of images.Experiments on multiple datasets confirmed that the proposed network can achieve better performance for image SR.

TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅰ)- EXPERIMENTAL MODEL AND TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERNS ON BOTH ENDWALLS AND BLADE SURFACES

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in the transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the structures on both endwalls and blade surfaces were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex.

TOPOLOGY AND VORTEX STRUCTURES OF A CURVING TURBINE CASCADE WITH TIP CLEARANCE (Ⅱ)- TOPOLOGICAL FLOW PATTERN AND VORTEX STRUCTURE IN THE TRANSVERSE SECTION OF A BLADE CASCADE

By means of ink trace visualization of the flows in conventional straight, positively curved and negatively curved cascades with tip clearance, and measurement of the aerodynamic parameters in transverse section, and by appling topology theory, the topological structures and vortex structure in the transverse section of a blade cascade were analyzed. Compared with conventional straight cascade, blade positive curving eliminates the separation line of the upper passage vortex, and leads the secondary vortex to change from close separation to open separation, while blade negative curving effects merely the positions of singular points and the intensities and scales of vortex.

A New Structure of Multilevel Inverter with Reduced Number of Switches for Electric Vehicle Applications

Both Hybrid Electric Vehicles (HEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EVs) need a traction motor and a power in-verter to drive the traction motor. The requirements for the power inverter include high peak power, opti-mum consumption of energy, low output harmonics and inexpensive circuit. In this paper, a new structure of multilevel inverter with reduced number of switches is proposed for electric vehicle applications. It consists of an H-bridge and an inverter in each phase which produces multilevel voltage by switching the dc voltage sources in series. As the number of switches are reduced, both conduction and switching losses will be de-creased, which leads to increase the efficiency of converter. The size and power consumption of driving cir-cuits are also reduced. The proposed three phase inverter can produces more number of voltage levels in the same number of the voltage source and reduced number of switches compared to the conventional inverters. This structure minimizes the total harmonic distortion (THD) of the output voltage waveforms. The structure of proposed multilevel inverter, modulation method, switching losses, THD calculation and simulation re-sults with PSCAD/EMTDC software are shown in this paper.

Synthesis and Crystal Structure of 1-Ethyl 3-Methyl 6-Benzyl-2-methyl-5-oxo-5,6-dihydropyrrolo[1,2-c]quinazoline-1,3-dicarboxylate

The crystal structure of the title compound（C24H22N2O5, Mr = 418.44） has been determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is of orthorhombic, space group P21/c with a = 7.751（2）, b = 12.392（4）, c = 21.326（6）, V = 2048.4（1）3, Z = 4, Dc = 1.357 g/cm3, F（000） = 880, μ（MoKα） = 0.096 mm-1, the final R = 0.0731 and wR = 0.1982 for 3335 observed reflections（I 〉 2σ（I））. Intermolecular C（24）–H（24B）···O（1） hydrogen bond is observed in the structure.

Neural Network and Fuzzy Control Based 11-Level Cascaded Inverter Operation

This paper presents a combined control and modulation technique to enhance the power quality(PQ)and power reliability(PR)of a hybrid energy system(HES)through a single-phase 11-level cascaded H-bridge inverter(11-CHBI).The controller and inverter specifically regulate the HES and meet the load demand.To track optimum power,a Modified Perturb and Observe(MP&O)technique is used for HES.Ultra-capacitor(UCAP)based energy storage device and a novel current control strategy are proposed to provide additional active power support during both voltage sag and swell conditions.For an improved PQ and PR,a two-way current control strategy such as the main controller(MC)and auxiliary controller(AC)is suggested for the 11-CHBI operation.MC is used to regulate the active current component through the fuzzy controller(FC),and AC is used to regulate the dc-link voltage of CHBI through a neural network-based PI controller(ANN-PI).By tracking the reference signals fromMC and AC,a novel hybrid pulse widthmodulation(HPWM)technique is proposed for the 11-CHBI operation.To justify and analyze the MATLAB/Simulink software-based designed model,the robust controller performance is tested through numerous steady-state and dynamic state case studies.

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

Very long wave infrared quantum cascade detector based on modular band structure

The optoelectronic performance of quantum cascade detectors(QCDs)is highly sensitive to the design of the energy level structure,leading to the inability of a single structure to achieve broad wavelength tuning.To address this issue,we propose and demonstrate a modular concept for very long wave infrared(VLWIR)QCDs based on a miniband diagonal transition scheme.The modular design makes the wavelength tuning only need to be adjusted for the absorption quantum well module rather than for the whole active region.Theoretical simulation shows that the wavelength tuning range is 39.6 meV(~14–30μm).To prove the feasibility of the scheme,three samples with different absorption well widths were fabricated and characterized.At 10 K,the response wavelengths of the three QCDs are 14,16,and 18μm,respectively,corresponding to responsivities and detectivities exceeding 2 mA/W and 1×10^(10)Jones.

全尺度密集卷积U型网络的视网膜血管分割算法

针对视网膜图像中血管尺度跨度大、细小血管与背景高度相似导致误分割和未分割等问题,提出一种全尺度密集卷积U型网络的视网膜血管分割方法。为提取更复杂的特征信息,构建级联卷积融合密集块(cascade convolutional fusion dense blocks, CCF-DB)作为U型网络的编解码器用以提取视网膜血管的特征信息;在网络最底端嵌入混合注意力级联卷积密集块(mixed attention cascaded convolutional dense block, MACC-DB),进一步提升感受野,获取更高维的语义特征信息;在模型的解码部分采用全尺度的跳跃连接,捕获不同尺度下的血管特征信息,提升模型的分割精度。实验结果表明,在DRIVE数据集上,相比于U-Net、U-Net3+、SA-Unet、FR-Unet等算法,此算法的AUC值达到了98.26%,准确率为95.82%;在CHASE-DB1数据集上,此算法的AUC值达98.84%,准确率达96.66%。采用此算法进行视网膜血管分割,分割的精度和鲁棒性均有不同程度的提升,对细小血管分割达到了优良的效果。

位置标签增强的中文医学命名实体级联识别

针对一般领域的命名实体识别方法不能直接用于中文医学专业实体的识别,现有的相关研究只专注于英文文本和扁平结构的医学实体识别等问题,通过对专业领域实体识别方法的研究,结合中文医学实体的特点提出了一种面向中文医学实体的级联识别方法。将每个字符元素相对于实体的位置标签嵌入模型,并结合中文医学实体跨度内不同元素的重要程度进行实体的融合表示。通过序列标注方法检测字符的位置标签,利用字符的位置信息指导候选实体生成,并进行实体语义分类。模型在CMeEE和CCKS2018数据集以及中文糖尿病科研文献数据集上分别进行扁平实体、嵌套实体和不连续性长实体的识别实验。实验结果表明,该方法能够有效地识别中文医学文本中不同结构的实体。

基于注意力机制改进的Segformer遥感图像语义分割方法

针对Segformer处理具有复杂空间和频谱特征的遥感影像时存在局部感受野限制以及深层语义特征损失等问题,提出在Segformer不同层级模块间嵌入不同注意力模块的多级分层编码器网络结构:在Block2之前嵌入极化注意力模块PSA,用以增强网络对大尺度特征的空间感知能力,缓解特征语义损失,并在Block3和Block4之前嵌入高效通道注意力模块ECA获取通道的加权特征,从而增强网络对重要特征的识别能力和感知能力,从终以多特征级联的方式实现像素级遥感影像的语义分割。通过在GID和BCDD数据集上进行测试,与原Segformer相比,新网络在两个数据集的mIOU(%)分别提高了1.85%和1.63%。

“Yolk-shell”结构中高效双酶级联催化体系的构筑

合成了一种生物-无机杂化材料ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8,该材料以具有“蛋黄-壳(Yolk-shell)”结构的金属有机框架(MOF)为载体,将葡萄糖氧化酶(GOx)和氯过氧化物酶(CPO)封装在不同隔离空间中构建了双酶纳米反应器.“Yolk-shell”结构可为封装的酶提供纳米邻近效应,GOx催化底物原位生成的H_(2)O_(2)可启动相邻的CPO催化反应,有效减少了反应物的扩散阻力和H_(2)O_(2)的分解和逃逸,同时避免了两种酶催化反应的相互影响.与均相缓冲液中的游离酶相比,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8的级联催化效率更高.由于MOF的屏蔽效应,酶的热稳定性和有机溶剂耐受性显著提高.“Yolk-shell”结构还可有效抑制材料重复使用过程中酶分子的泄漏,经过20次重复使用后,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8仍可保持初始级联催化效率的72%.将ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8双酶级联反应生成的HClO应用于偶氮染料的高效脱色和水果保鲜.在1 mg/mL ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8水溶液中,橙黄G(0.3 mmol/L)在15 min内可完成脱色(脱色率>98%).在新鲜草莓的杀菌保鲜实验中,ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8也显示出良好效果.ZIF-8@GOx-CPO@ZIF-8双酶级联催化体系具有高效、稳定、温和及绿色的特点,极具应用潜力.

基于迭代传播网络的快速鲁棒的微光图像增强

微光图像存在低对比度与低信噪比等问题,低质量的采集图像严重影响了后续的观察与测量。为了提升复杂应用场景下的微光图像质量,本工作设计了迭代传播网络以快速、鲁棒地完成微光图像增强任务。首先,本工作设计了多段式预测模型,以渐进的方式建模照度预测任务,增强模型的非线性拟合能力以适应未知的现实情况。考虑多段式级联网络带来的推理负担,本工作还基于Retinex前向传播模型构建迭代循环,使多阶段模型的每个阶段都收敛于类似甚至同一状态以优化推理过程,并在增强模型性能的同时大幅提高了推理速度。本工作基于公开数据集进行了对比实验,其中峰值信噪比及结构相似度的均值分别高出以往最优秀对比算法11.8%与3.5%。在此基础上,本工作还将迭代传播网络用于增强实际采集的低曝光摄影图像与低激发荧光显微图像,实验结果证明其具有优异的图像增强性能与泛化性。

混合制冷工质波转子结构性能优化

将波转子嵌入自复叠制冷循环中,利用运动激波和膨胀波可以在设备通道内实现体积功的直接交换,缩短了高低压流股的能量传递路径,对提升制冷系统的能效有益.采用数值计算,完成了膨胀比为1.8、增压比为1.25条件下R134a/R23混合制冷工质的波转子波图.考虑到波转子设备出入口流体速度在周向的分量会对设备性能产生影响,完成了出入口的倾斜角度优化.研究发现,在转动方向上中压出口倾斜6°、高压入口倾斜3°、低压入口倾斜2°的结构,可使波转子的理论引射率自33.20%提升至37.29%,达到了小膨胀比下波转子的最优引射性能.根据波图,高低压流股的交界面轴向耗散较小,在原有尺寸基础上,轴向尺寸缩短50%时未发现引射率急剧下降现象,该结论对缩短波转子轴向尺寸具有重要意义.

水电开发对大渡河中上游梯级水库水温影响研究

梯级水电站的建立,会改变了原有河道的水温状态。充分了解大渡河干流猴子岩-瀑布沟河段已建梯级电站产生的水温累积影响,为后续河流梯级开发、优化调度、河流生态修复等提供基础支持,本研究基于猴子岩-瀑布沟开发河段相关水温监测资料,通过分析相关数据,研究梯级水库库区及下泄水温累积影响的相关规律。结果表明,大渡河中上游的猴子岩、大岗山和瀑布沟水库呈现季节性分层,但热分层最强的季节及持续的时间均存在差异;上游梯级运行在大岗山及瀑布沟坝址处存在水温累积影响。本研究还开发了水温恢复的临界河长的估算方法,明确了河段水温受梯级开发影响的再平衡机制。