Modeling and Analysis of Variable Frequency Inverted Sine PWM Technique for a Hybrid Cascaded Multilevel Inverter

In cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter, a variable frequency inverted sine PWM technique is modeled for hybrid electric vehicles. It has a particular advantage of increasing power which is achieved using series connection of H-bridge and also this topology is capable to produce superior spectral quality with considerable improvement of fundamental voltage. The variable frequency inverted sine PWM technique produces lesser torque ripple and enhances the fundamental output voltage mainly at lower modulation index ranges. The topologies of multilevel inverter are flying capacitor, diode clamped and cascaded inverter. In the paper, we will discuss about the cascaded multilevel inverter based on inverted sine PWM technique. The two switching strategies widely used to control multilevel inverters are constant frequency inverted sine PWM (CF-ISPWM) and variable frequency inverted sine PWM (VF-ISPWM). This implies that switch utilization substantially reduces 32.35% of the constant frequency inverted sine PWM switching technique. The performance of the technique is validated in terms of Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and Torque ripple which significantly reduces when compared to constant frequency ISPWM. The analysis of conventional triangular PWM inverter and inverted sine PWM inverter using constant and variable switching scheme is done in MATLAB Simulink and verified experimentally by FPGA Spartan 3E processor.

Applications of cascade multilevel inverters

Cascade multilevel inverters have been developed for electric utility applications. A cascade M-level inverter consists of (M-1)/2 H-bridges in which each bridge's dc voltage is supported by its own de ca-pacitor. The new inverter can : ( 1 ) generate almost sinusoidal waveform voltage while only switching one timeper fundamental cycle ; (2) dispense with multi-pulse inverters' transformers used in conventional utility in-terfaces and static var compensators; (3) enables direct parallel or series transformer-less connection to medium- and high-voltage power systems. In short, the cascade inverter is much more efficient and suitable for utility applications than traditional multi-pulse and pulse width modulation (PWM) inverters. The authors have experimentally demonstrated the superiority of the new inverter for power supply, (hybrid) electric vehicle (EV) motor drive, reactive power (var) and harmonic compensation. This paper summarizes the features,feasibility, and control schemes of the cascade inverter for utility applications including utility interface of renewable energy, voltage regulation, var compensation, and harmonic filtering in power systems. Analytical,simulated, and experimental results demonstrated the superiority of the new inverters.

THD Analysis of Cascaded H-Bridge Inverter with Fuzzy Logic Controller

In recent days, the multilevel inverter technology is widely applied to domestic and industrial applications for medium voltage conversion. But, the power quality issues of the multilevel inverter limit the usage of much sensitive equipment like medical instruments. The lower distortion level of the output voltage and current can generate a quality sinusoidal output voltage in inverters and they can be used for many applications. The harmonics can cause major problems in equipments due to the nonlinear loads connected with the power system. So, it is necessary to minimize the losses to raise its overall efficiency. In this paper, a new topology of seven level asymmetrical cascaded H-bridge multilevel inverter with a Fuzzy logic controller had been implemented to reduce the Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) and to improve the overall performance of the inverter. The proposed model is well suited for use with a solar PV application. In this topology, only six IGBT switches are used with three different voltage ratings of PV modules (1:2:4). The lower number of semiconductor switches leads to minimizing overall di/dt ratings and voltage stress on each switches and switching losses. The gate pulses generated by Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation (SPWM) technique with a Fuzzy logic controller are also introduced. A buck-boost converter is used to maintain the constant PV voltage level integrated by an MPPT technique followed by Perturb and Observer algorithm is also implemented. The MPPT is used to harness the maximum power of solar radiations under its various climatic conditions. The new topology is evaluated by a Matlab/Simulink model and compared with a hardware model. The results proved that the THD achieved by this topology is 1.66% and realized that it meets the IEEE harmonic standards.

Capacitor Pattern H-Bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) Using Phase Diposition Pulse Width Modulation for Grid Applications

This work presents an implementation of an innovative single phase multilevel inverter using capacitors with reduced switches. The proposed Capacitor pattern H-bridge Multilevel Inverter (CPHMLI) topology consists of a proper number of Capacitor connected with switches and power sources. The advanced switching control supplied by Pulse Width Modulation (PDPWM) to attain mixed staircase switching state. The charging and discharging mode are achieved by calculating the voltage error at the load. Furthermore, to accomplish the higher voltage levels at the output with less number of semiconductors switches and simple commutation designed using CPHMLI topology. To prove the performance and effectiveness of the proposed approach, a set of experiments performed under various load conditions using MATLAB tool.

Performance Metric of Z Source CHB Multilevel Inverter FED IM for Selective Harmonic Elimination and THD Reduction

This paper focuses on a Z source cascaded multilevel inverter which is designed to minimize harmonics in the output voltage. A balanced dc-link peak voltage can be achieved. The power generation module is built by PV panels which are connected to Z-Source Cascade H-bridge inverter. Cascaded multilevel inverter can achieve the distributed maximum power point tracking to increase the system efficiency and achieve high voltage/high power grid tie without a transformer. This paper analyzes the different PWM switching scheme and the operating states of a ZSI module and comparison is made with different PWM and total harmonic distortion of various PWM schemes.

A Cascade Multilevel Inverter Using a Single DC Source

3.SWITCHING ANGLES If the nominal capacitor voltage is chosen as Vdc/2, then one can compute the switching anglesθ1,θ2,andθ3.Following the development,the Fourier series expan- sion of the(staircase)output voltage waveform of the multilevel inverter as shown in Fig.2(a)

三单元不对称级联H桥调制策略及推广

3:1:1型不对称级联H桥多电平逆变器输出电压谐波性能优异,但是在传统的调制策略下,存在高低压单元间电流倒灌问题,且传统调制策略仅仅适用于3:1:1型不对称级联H桥,不能推广应用。该文基于部分区间上高低压单元控制信号互补和移相载波调制策略提出了一种改进型混合频率载波调制策略。该文提出的调制策略不仅解决了传统调制策略下存在的高低压单元间的电流倒灌问题,而且可推广至n:1:1…型多电平逆变器的调制策略,同时给出各级联单元开关管控制信号的通用表达式,且可以实现所有低压单元间的功率均衡。仿真与实验结果证明了该调制策略的可行性,正确性与易推广性。

单相光伏级联多电平逆变器漏电流抑制与功率均衡控制综述

单相级联多电平逆变器(CMI)因其可实现组件级最大功率点跟踪(MPPT)、组件可关断、多电平输出电压谐波含量低、集优化器与并网逆变器为一体的结构等优势,近年来在光伏并网系统的研究领域受到关注。以单相非隔离型独立直流母线结构的光伏级联多电平逆变器(PV-CMI)为研究对象,针对其存在的两个问题进行综述:一是因缺少隔离环节可能导致的漏电流问题:二是单相PV-CMI各单元间相互独立的直流光伏输入可能导致的功率不均衡问题。这两个问题对单相PVCMI的安全稳定运行造成了威胁,从而极大地限制了单相PV-CMI的推广和应用。文中分析了单相PV-CMI的基本原理和拓扑特点,分别就其漏电流与光伏功率不均衡两大关键问题,综述现有的研究方案并进行了总结。最后,展望了PV-CMI未来的发展趋势及其存在的技术挑战,为后续研究提供了参考。

The General Technique of Selected Harmonics Elimination for Multilevel Converters

Forhigh power applications,multilevel converters have many advantages in comparison with other circuit topologies with output transformers. Cascaded inverters are one type of multilevel converters,they are easy to implement,very suitable for modularized layout and packaging.Their manufacturing cost is low.A multilevel PWM technique,called as General Technique of Selected Harmonics Elimination (GTSHE) ,is proposed in the paper. A general harmonic elimination equation for N cells,M pulses per half cycle,nth harmonic is derived,and verified by simulation results.

A New Phase-Shifted Cascade High Voltage Inverter

This paper presents a unique novel design of the phase-shifted cascade high voltage inverter. Thehigh voltage inverter utilizes fewer power switches and supplies a balance load. The usage of phase shifttransformer and phase shifting SPWM ensures that input and output harmonic wave content is low and outputvoltage change (du/dt) has a low rate, meeting all the requirements of the power authorities. The most out-standing feature is the energy saving with very fast cost recovery.

A New Phase-shifted Cascade High Voltage Inverter

This paper presents the characteristic and structure of phase-shifted cascade high voltage inverter. The high voltage inverter utilizes fewer power switches and has a balance load, a good linearity between input and output and a perfect control feature.

含电容单元的级联H桥七电平调制策略

针对传统三单元级联H桥直流电源电压利用率较低的问题,采用电容替代其中利用率较低的直流电源,构成含电容单元的级联H桥逆变器。围绕该型逆变器的调制策略及电容选择等问题,在载波层叠式脉宽调制策略的基础上,利用冗余开关状态改进现有调制策略。通过采集电容电压和输出电流,切换调制模式实现电容充放电控制。分析电容电荷量在不同调制度下的变化,得到电容电压稳定到参考值所需要满足的条件。考虑到电容纹波电压不超过参考值10%的要求,并结合最大连续放电区间,计算出最小参考电容,使逆变器达到最优配置。通过仿真和实验证明了新型调制策略可对电容充电并具有良好的稳压效果。

一种级联H桥多电平逆变器故障诊断方法

为了诊断级联H桥多电平逆变器的开关管开路故障,提出一种基于载波层叠调制(LSPWM)技术的故障诊断方法,直接对H桥输出电压、负载电流和驱动信号的输出特性曲线进行分析。当部分驱动信号断开后,相应的电流和电压出现部分缺失和波动,从而推出故障情况下三者之间的对应关系。依据调制波和负载电流的方向,将系统运行分为4种工作模式,并在特定模式下诊断故障。对故障情况下负载电流过零处的特性曲线进行分析,用以识别H桥中对角开关故障。与现有方法相比,该方法扩展基于LSPWM下的故障范围为双管故障,诊断逻辑易于理解且不需要添加额外的硬件电路。通过仿真证明了所提故障诊断方法的正确性和有效性。

一种不对称级联H桥多电平逆变器通用的线性功率均衡方案

不对称级联H桥多电平逆变器由于级联各个单元的直流侧电源电压不同,出现级联单元之间功率分配不均衡问题,为此提出一种通用的线性功率均衡调制方案。功率均衡调制方案对高压单元导通角进行约束,对低压单元的载波进行纵向循环重构,实现了各个级联单元直流侧电源电压不同的情况下,使得逆变器可以在全调制度下保持各级联单元输出功率均衡的效果。并且在拓扑结构增加级联单元数时,调制策略也展现出优秀的通用性。同时该方案对低压单元进行的载波重构还能够使得各低压单元的开关管损耗保持一致,使各个H桥的开关管具有更为接近的温升,有利于逆变器选择合适的散热器。最后通过仿真与实验证明了方案的有效性。

基于多级可逆神经网络的大容量裁剪稳健型图像隐写技术

图像隐写技术是将秘密信息嵌入到载体图像中,以保护信息的机密性,并确保不被观察者察觉。然而,在传输过程中,由于分辨率限制,载密图像的边缘区域容易受到裁剪。因此,如何从边缘区域缺失的载密图像中恢复出有效的连续隐藏信息是一个值得研究的问题。同时,图像隐写技术的另一个挑战是如何在不被检测到的情况下增加信息的有效载荷容量。为了解决上述问题,提出了一种数据驱动的图像隐写算法方案。采用了一种大容量、裁剪稳健的多级双向映射的可逆隐写网络,能够从边缘破损的载密图像中尽可能完整地恢复出连续的秘密图像。此外,算法具有高度的灵活性,可以通过多层级联中改变图像分支的通道数量实现不同规格的大尺寸图像隐写。实验表明,在各种公开数据集上生成的载密图像的视觉隐蔽性、质量度量指标和裁剪恢复能力方面显著优于其他方法。

级联型NPC-HB多电平逆变器功率均衡控制策略研究

针对级联型中点钳位全桥(neutral point clamped H-bridge,NPC-HB)多电平逆变器模块间存在功率不均衡的问题,通过详细分析传统基于载波层叠调制策略下模块输出功率与输出电压基波有效值之间的定量关系,提出一种改进型混合调制策略。该策略将载波层叠和移相相结合,不仅能够保证各个模块输出功率的均衡,而且可提高输出电压的等效开关频率,进而有效地降低输出滤波器的体积和成本。文中对模块间功率分布情况以及模块内部各个器件损耗分布情况进行分析,并搭建含两个级联NPC-HB九电平模块的实验样机。实验结果表明该调制策略能够有效解决级联系统中各功率模块之间的功率均衡问题。

基于虚拟仪器技术的级联多电平逆变器SPWM控制策略

介绍了H桥级联多电平逆变的工作原理、调制方法和控制策略,并进行了仿真分析。基于虚拟仪器技术达到了对4个H桥级联逆变器的控制,实现了频率为1Hz的高压正弦波输出,给出了实测波形。

级联多电平逆变器输出电压和电流采集方案研究与应用

模块化多电平逆变器因具有调制算法成熟、输出电压谐波特性好、电压变化率低以及在模块单元故障下继续维持工作等优点,使其在大功率高压逆变器中得到广泛的应用。首先分析了传统级联多电平高电压和大电流检测方案在实际应用中的缺点和可能给检测装置带来亚健康的隐患,然后提出级联多电平逆变器输出电压和输出电流检测方案,最后在所提方案的基础上详细设计了电压检测和电流检测电路的各项参数,并将该电路原理图应用在H桥单元级联多电平中间包感应加热电源上进行输出电压和电流参数检测试验验证。试验结果表明所提的电压检测和电流检测方案可以满足级联多电平逆变器输出参数检测的各项性能要求。

一种新型的级联型逆变器PWM信号随机分配方法研究

级联型逆变器具有开关冗余和隔离直流电源冗余。该文提出采用随机分配的方法来均衡开关和电源的利用率。当控制器给出输出电平后,电源和开关器件的工作状态是由两个随机函数决定的。随机函数具有均匀分布特性,可以由线性同余法来实现。当输出波形正负对称时,逆变器的每个单元处于工作状态的概率是相同的。随着逆变器工作时间的延长,各单元的利用率自然趋于相同。仿真和实验结果证明了该方法的可行性。

一种改进的级联型多电平变换器拓扑

该文提出了一种改进的级联型多电子变换器,它可以由任意个H-桥单元级联构成。其中的H-桥可以是两电平,也可以是二极管箝位型或电容箱位型的任意电平,不同单元采用不同的独立直流电压源。相对于传统的级联型拓扑,在得到相同输出电平的情况下,新拓扑可以使用较少数量的开关器件和较少数量的独立电压源,从而简化电路,降低成本。该文以两电平H-桥(2-H)和飞跨电容型三电平H-桥(3-H)级联构成的拓扑为例进行了分析研究和仿真验证。