Cloning and expression in Escherichia coli of a new gene of Schistosoma japonicum encoding casein kinase Ⅱ beta subunit

Background Nowadays it is now a focus topic in schistosomiasis research to find ideal vaccine candidates and new drug targets for developing anti-schistosomiasis vaccine. We cloned a new gene, casein kinase Ⅱ beta subunit, of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) and express it in Escherichia coli (E.coli).Methods The ESTs obtained in our laboratory were analyzed by homologous searching, and a new gene was recognized. The full-length cDNA of the new gene was obtained by joining the 3’RACE PCR fragment and the EST clone. To express the new gene, the cDNA was cloned into pGEX-4T-1 vector and then transformed into E.coli JM109. The recombinant protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and Western-blot. Results A 908 bp cDNA was isolated from S. japonicum and identified to be casein kinase Ⅱ beta subunit gene by sequence analysis. The open reading frame of the gene encodes a protein of 217 amino acids exhibiting 75.8%, 75.8%, 73.9%, 68.2%, 51.6% identity to the amino acids sequence of the corresponding genes of Homo sapiens (H. sapiens), Xenopus laevi (X. laevi), Drosophila melanogaster (D. melanogaster), Caenorhabditis elegan (C. elegan), and Schizosaccharomyces pombe (S. promber) respectively. The predicted molecular weight of the protein was 24.921 kDa. The new cDNA sequence had been submitted to GenBank, and its accession number is AY241391. This cDNA was subcloned into the pGEX-4T-1 vector and expressed in E.coli JM109.The recombinant protein could be recognized by the S. japonicum infected rabbit serum. Conclusion The full-length cDNA sequences encoding S. japonicum casein kinase Ⅱ beta subunit were firstly sequenced, cloned, and expressed in E.coli.

Monitoring casein kinase Ⅱ at subcellular level via bio-bar-code-based electrochemiluminescence biosensing method

A highly sensitive electrochemiluminescence(ECL) biosensing method was developed for monitoring casein kinase Ⅱ(CK2) at subcellular level via bio-bar-code assay.A bio-bar-code probe(h-DNA/AuNPs/pDNA) prepared by conjugating phosphorylated DNA(p-DNA) and hairpin DNA(h-DNA) onto gold nanoparticles(AuNPs) was used as a carrier for ECL signal reagent(Ru(phen)32+) while a specific peptide was used as a recognition substance.A gold ultramicroelectrode with a diameter of 400 nm was fabricated and then modified with the specific peptide via self-assembly technique to obtain peptide modified gold ultramicroelectrode.The peptide on gold ultramicroelectrode was phosphorylated in the presence of CK2 and adenosine 5’-triphosphate,and then the phosphorylated peptide was integrated with the h-DNA/AuNPs/p-DNA through a process mediated by zirconium cations(Zr4+),and finally Ru(phen)32+ was intercalated into h-DNA.A "signal on" ECL method was developed for the detection of CK2 in the range of 0.005-0.2 U/mL with a detection limit of 0.001 U/mL.Additionally,combined efficient subcellular phosphorylation in vivo with bio-bar-code-based ECL biosensing method,the ECL method was further applied to monitor CK2 at subcellular level without tedious subcellular fractionation.It was found that the concentration of CK2 by inserting the peptide modified gold ultramicroelectrode into the nucleus was higher than that into cytoplasm of HeLa cells.A distinct heterogeneity among CK2 concentrations in single cells was observed for cellular heterogeneity assessment.

Casein kinase 2 interacts with and phosphorylates ataxin-3

Objective Machado-Joseph disease （MJD）/Spinocerebellar ataxia type 3 （SCA3） is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative disorder caused by an expansion of polyglutamine tract near the C-terminus of the MJD1 gene product, ataxin-3. The precise mechanism of the MJD/SCA3 pathogenesis remains unclear. A growing body of evidence demonstrates that phosphorylation plays an important role in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases. However, few kinases are known to phosphorylate ataxin-3. The present study is to explore whether ataxin-3 is a substrate of casein kinase 2 （CK2）. Methods The interaction between ataxin-3 and CK2 was identified by glutathione S-transferase （GST） pull-down assay and co-immunoprecipition assay. The phosphorylation of ataxin-3 by CK2 was measured by in vitro phosphorylation assays. Results （1） Both wild type and expanded ataxin-3 interacted with CK2α and CK2β in vitro. （2） In 293 cells, both wild type and expanded ataxin-3 interacted with CK2β, but not CK2α. （3） CK2 phosphorylated wild type and expanded ataxin-3. Conclusion Ataxin-3 is a substrate of protein kinase CK2.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors mediate diphosphorylation of extracellular signal-regulated kinases through Src family tyrosine kinases and Ca^2＋/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ in rat hippocampus after cerebral ischemia

Objective： Extracellular signal-regulated kinases （ERKs） can be activated by calcium signals. In this study, we investigated whether calcium-dependent kinases were involved in ERKs cascade activation after global cerebral ischemia. Methods Cerebral ischemia was induced by four-vessel occlusion, and the calcium-dependent proteins were detected by immunoblot. Results Lethal-simulated ischemia significantly resulted in ERKs activation in N-methyl-D-aspartate （NMDA） receptor-dependent manner, accompanying with differential upregulation of Src kinase and Ca^2＋/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ （CaMKⅡ） activities. With the inhibition of Src family tyrosine kinases or CaMKⅡ by administration of PP2 or KN62, the phosphorylation of ERKs was impaired dramatically during post-ischemia recovery. However, ischemic challenge also repressed ERKs activity when Src kinase was excessively activated. Conclusions Src family tyrosine kinases and CaMKⅡ might be involved in the activation of ERKs mediated by NMDA receptor in response to acute ischemic stimuli in vivo, but the intense activation of Src kinase resulted from ischemia may play a reverse role in the ERKs cascade.

Potential of casein kinase I in digestive cancer screening

Casein kinase I is a group of ubiquitous Serine/Threonine kinases that have been implicated in both normal cellular functions and several pathological conditions including Alzheimer's disease and cancer.Recent findings in colon and pancreatic cancer have brought tremendous attention to these molecules as potential therapeutic targets in treatment of digestive cancers.In this review,we summarize up to date what is known about this family of kinases and their involvement in carcinogenesis and other pathological conditions.Our emphasis is on their implications in digestive cancers and their potential for cancer screening and therapy.

Group Ⅱ p21-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in gastrointestinal cancer

P21-activated kinases(PAKs) are central players in various oncogenic signaling pathways. The six PAK family members are classified into group Ⅰ(PAK1-3) and group Ⅱ(PAK4-6). Focus is currently shifting from group Ⅰ PAKs to group Ⅱ PAKs. Group Ⅱ PAKs play important roles in many fundamental cellular processes, some of which have particular significance in the development and progression of cancer. Because of their important functions, group Ⅱ PAKs have become popular potential drug target candidates. However, few group Ⅱ PAKs inhibitors have been reported, and most do not exhibit satisfactory kinase selectivity and "drug-like" properties. Isoform- and kinase-selective PAK inhibitors remain to be developed. This review describes the biological activities of group Ⅱ PAKs, the importance of group Ⅱ PAKs in the development and progression of gastrointestinal cancer, and smallmolecule inhibitors of group Ⅱ PAKs for the treatment of cancer.

Effects of Calmodulin-dependent Protein Kinase Ⅱ Inhibitor,KN-93,on Electrophysiological Features of Rabbit Hypertrophic Cardiac Myocytes

Cardiac hypertrophy is an independent risk factor for sudden cardiac death in clinical settings and the incidence of sudden cardiac death and ventricular arrhythmias are closely related.The aim of this study was to determine the effects of the calmodulin-dependent protein kinase(CaMK) Ⅱ inhibitor,KN-93,on L-type calcium current(I Ca,L) and early after-depolarizations(EADs) in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes.A rabbit model of myocardial hypertrophy was constructed through abdominal aortic coarctation(LVH group).The control group(sham group) received a sham operation,in which the abdominal aortic was dissected but not coarcted.Eight weeks later,the degree of left ventricular hypertrophy(LVH) was evaluated using echocardiography.Individual cardiomyocyte was isolated through collagenase digestion.Action potentials(APs) and I Ca,L were recorded using the perforated patch clamp technique.APs were recorded under current clamp conditions and I Ca,L was recorded under voltage clamp conditions.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were observed under the conditions of low potassium(2 mmol/L),low magnesium(0.25 mmol/L) Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency(0.25-0.5 Hz) electrical stimulation.The incidence of EADs and I ca,L in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes were also evaluated after treatment with different concentrations of KN-92(KN-92 group) and KN-93(KN-93 group).Eight weeks later,the model was successfully established.Under the conditions of low potassium,low magnesium Tyrode’s solution perfusion,and slow frequency electrical stimulation,the incidence of EADs was 0/12,11/12,10/12,and 5/12 in sham group,LVH group,KN-92 group(0.5 μmol/L),and KN-93 group(0.5 μmol/L),respectively.When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L in KN-92 group and KN-93 group,the incidence of EADs was 10/12 and 2/12,respectively.At 0 mV,the current density was 6.7±1.0 and 6.3±0.7 PA·PF-1 in LVH group and sham group,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was 0.5 μmol/L in KN-92 and KN-93 groups,the peak I Ca,L at 0 mV was decreased by(9.4±2.8)% and(10.5±3.0)% in the hypertrophic cardiomyocytes of the two groups,respectively(P>0.05,n=12).When the drug concentration was increased to 1 μmol/L,the peak I Ca,L values were lowered by(13.4±3.7)% and(40±4.9)%,respectively(P<0.01,n=12).KN-93,a specific inhibitor of CaMKII,can effectively inhibit the occurrence of EADs in hypertrophic cardiomyocytes partially by suppressing I Ca,L,which may be the main action mechanism of KN-93 antagonizing the occurrence of ventricular arrhythmias in hypertrophic myocardium.

MicroRNA-219 alleviates glutamate-induced neurotoxicity in cultured hippocampal neurons by targeting calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ gamma

Septic encephalopathy is a frequent complication of sepsis,but there are few studies examining the role of micro RNAs（mi Rs） in its pathogenesis.In this study,a mi R-219 mimic was transfected into rat hippocampal neurons to model mi R-219 overexpression.A protective effect of mi R-219 was observed for glutamate-induced neurotoxicity of rat hippocampal neurons,and an underlying mechanism involving calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II γ（Ca MKIIγ） was demonstrated.mi R-219 and Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression induced by glutamate in hippocampal neurons was determined by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction（q RT-PCR）.After neurons were transfected with mi R-219 mimic,effects on cell viability and apoptosis were measured by 3-（4,5-dimethylthiazolyl-2）-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide（MTT） assay and flow cytometry.In addition,a luciferase reporter gene system was used to confirm Ca MKIIγ as a target gene of mi R-219.Western blot assay and rescue experiments were also utilized to detect Ca MKIIγ expression and further verify that mi R-219 in hippocampal neurons exerted its effect through regulation of Ca MKIIγ.MTT assay and q RT-PCR results revealed obvious decreases in cell viability and mi R-219 expression after glutamate stimulation,while Ca MKIIγ m RNA expression was increased.MTT,flow cytometry,and caspase-3 activity assays showed that mi R-219 overexpression could elevate glutamate-induced cell viability,and reduce cell apoptosis and caspase-3 activity.Moreover,luciferase Ca MKIIγ-reporter activity was remarkably decreased by co-transfection with mi R-219 mimic,and the results of a rescue experiment showed that Ca MKIIγ overexpression could reverse the biological effects of mi R-219.Collectively,these findings verify that mi R-219 expression was decreased in glutamate-induced neurons,Ca MKIIγ was a target gene of mi R-219,and mi R-219 alleviated glutamate-induced neuronal excitotoxicity by negatively controlling Ca MKIIγ expression.

Regulation of Ikaros function by casein kinase 2 and protein phosphatase 1

The Ikaros gene encodes a zinc finger,DNA-binding protein that regulates gene transcription and chromatin remodeling.Ikaros is a master regulator of hematopoiesis and an established tumor suppressor.Moderate alteration of Ikaros activity (e.g.haploinsufficiency) appears to be sufficient to promote malignant transformation in human hematopoietic cells.This raises questions about the mechanisms that normally regulate Ikaros function and the potential of these mechanisms to contribute to the development of leukemia.The focus of this review is the regulation of Ikaros function by phosphorylation/dephosphorylation.Site-specific phosphorylation of Ikaros by casein kinase 2 (CK2) controls Ikaros DNA-binding ability and subcellular localization.As a consequence,the ability of Ikaros to regulate cell cycle progression,chromatin remodeling,target gene expression,and thymocyte differentiation are controlled by CK2.In addition,hyperphosphorylation of Ikaros by CK2 leads to decreased Ikaros levels due to ubiquitinmediated degradation.Dephosphorylation of Ikaros by protein phosphatase 1 (PP1) acts in opposition to CK2 to increase Ikaros stability and restore Ikaros DNA binding ability and pericentromeric localization.Thus,the CK2 and PP1 pathways act in concert to regulate Ikaros activity in hematopoiesis and as a tumor suppressor.This highlights the importance of these signal transduction pathways as potential mediators of leukemogenesis via their role in regulating the activities of Ikaros.

Casein kinase G may be the target of spermine during progesterone-induced oocyte maturation

Casein kinase G (CKG) with more than 2500-fold enrichment was purified from Bufo bufo gargarizans ovaries. The catalytic activity of the enzyme was found to be associated with its 42 kD subunit, and its 26 kD subunit was found to be the major target for the enzyme auto-phosphorylation. Each full-grown oocyte contained 1.9 units of CKG corresponding to an intracellular concentration of 93 nM. After injecting an amount of 0.38 units of the enzyme into the oocyte, approximately 50% of the progesterone-induced maturation was inhibited. The inhibitory effect was enhanced in oocytes pretreated with spermine, which was consistent with the results that the enzyme was activated in vitro in the presence of spermine. The MPF-induced oocyte maturation was delayed and even prohibited in the kinase-microinjected oocytes. A 55 kD oocyte protein was identified as an substrate of CKG both in vivo and in vitro, and the enhancement of the 55 kD protein phosphorylation was associated with kinase inhibition on maturation and on protein synthesis in kinase-microinjected oocytes. As the endogenous spermine level decreased in the course of progesterone-induced oocyte maturation, 55 kD protein was dephospho-rylated. Heparin, a specific inhibitor of CKG, potentiated the progesterone-induced oocyte maturation. Altogether the experimental results indicated strongly that CKG may be the physiological target of spermine.

Casein kinase signaling in axon regeneration

Recent studies suggest that cell cycle pathways may contain therapeutic targets important for neurotrauma.An example of this is the finding that the vertebrate cell cycle exploits proteolysis pathways,yet these activities persist in fully differentiated cells that have exited the cell cycle such as neurons.We have known for some time that a ubiquitin ligase.

Expression of casein kinase genes in glioma cell line U87: Effect of hypoxia and glucose or glutamine deprivation

The endoplasmic reticulum-nuclei-1 (ERN1) sensing and signaling enzyme mediates a set of complex intracellular signaling events known as the unfolded protein response. We have studied the effect of hypoxia and ischemic conditions (glucose or glutamine deprivation) on the expression of several casein kinase-1 and -2 genes in glioma U87 cells and its subline with suppressed function of ERN1. It was shown that blockade of ERN1, the key endoplasmic reticulum stress sensor, leads to an increase in the expression levels of casein kinase-1G2, -1E, -2B and NUCKS1 mRNA, but suppresses casein kinase-1A1, -1D and -2A1. Moreover, the expression levels of casein kinase-1A1, -1D and 1G3 as well as casein kinase-2A1 and -2A2 mRNAs are significantly increased under glutamine dep- rivation conditions both in control and ERN1- deficient glioma cells. At the same time, casein kinase-1E, -2B and NUCKS1 mRNA expression levels are also increased under this condition, but only in cells with suppressed function of ERN1. The expression level of NUCKS1 mRNA, however, is decreased both in control glioma cells and in genetically modified cells, but casein kinase-1G2—only in control U87 cells. Cell exposure to glucose deprivation conditions enhances the expression levels of casein kinase- 1D, 1G3, -1E and -2A1 in both types of glioma cells used, but casein kinase-2B expression levels increase only in cells with suppressed function of ERN1. Hypoxia induces or suppresses the expression of most of the studied genes mainly in ERN1-knockdown cells only. Results of this study show that hypoxia as well as glutamine and glucose deprivation conditions change the expression level most of casein kinase genes and that these effects are dependent on ERN1 signaling enzyme function.

Amelioration of mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure through S-sulfhydration of Ca^2＋/calmodulin-dependent protein kinase Ⅱ

OBJECTIVE To determine the functional role of hydrogen sulfide(H_2S) in protecting against mitochondrial dysfunction in heart failure through the inhibition of Ca^(2+)/calmodulin-dependent protein kinaseⅡ(Ca MKⅡ) using wild type and CSE knockout mouse models.METHODS Continuous subcutaneous injection isoprenaline(7.5 mg·kg^(-1) per day),once a day for 4 weeks to induce heart failure in male C57BL/6(6-8 weeks old) mice and CSE-/-mice.150 μmol·L^(-1) H_2O_2 was used to induce oxidative stress in H9c2 cells.Echocardiograph was used to detect cardiac parameters.H&E stain and Masson stain was to observation histopathological changes.Western blot was used to detect protein expression and activity.The si RNA was used to silence protein expression.HPLC was used to detect H_2S level.Biotin assay was used to detect the level of S-sulfhydration protein.RESULTS Treatment with S-propyl-L-cysteine(SPRC) or sodium hydrosulfide(Na HS),modulators of blood H_2S levels,attenuated the development of heart failure in animals,reduced lipid peroxidation,and preserved mitochondrial function.The inhibition Ca MKⅡ phosphorylation by SPRC and Na HS as demonstrated using both in vivo and in vitro models corresponded with the cardioprotective effects of these compounds.Interestingly,Ca MKⅡ activity was found to be elevated in CSE-/-mice as compared to wild type animals and the phosphorylation status of Ca MK Ⅱ appeared to relate to the severity of heart failure.Importantly,in wild type mice SPRC was found to promote S-sulfhydration of Ca MKⅡ leading to reduced activity of this protein however,in CSE-/-mice S-sulfhydration was abolished following SPRC treatment.CONCLUSION A novel mechanism depicting a role of S-sulfhydration in the regulation of Ca MKⅡ is presented.SPRC mediated S-sulfhydration of Ca MKⅡ was found to inhibit Ca MKⅡ activity and to preserve cardiovascular homeostasis.

Stress-activated kinases as therapeutic targets in pancreatic cancer

Pancreatic cancer is a dismal disease with high incidence and poor survival rates.With the aim to improve overall survival of pancreatic cancer patients,new therapeutic approaches are urgently needed.Protein kinases are key regulatory players in basically all stages of development,maintaining physiologic functions but also being involved in pathogenic processes.c-Jun N-terminal kinases(JNK)and p38 kinases,representatives of the mitogen-activated protein kinases,as well as the casein kinase 1(CK1)family of protein kinases are important mediators of adequate response to cellular stress following inflammatory and metabolic stressors,DNA damage,and others.In their physiologic roles,they are responsible for the regulation of cell cycle progression,cell proliferation and differentiation,and apoptosis.Dysregulation of the underlying pathways consequently has been identified in various cancer types,including pancreatic cancer.Pharmacological targeting of those pathways has been the field of interest for several years.While success in earlier studies was limited due to lacking specificity and off-target effects,more recent improvements in small molecule inhibitor design against stress-activated protein kinases and their use in combination therapies have shown promising in vitro results.Consequently,targeting of JNK,p38,and CK1 protein kinase family members may actually be of particular interest in the field of precision medicine in patients with highly deregulated kinase pathways related to these kinases.However,further studies are warranted,especially involving in vivo investigation and clinical trials,in order to advance inhibition of stress-activated kinases to the field of translational medicine.

The dual role of casein kinase 1,DTG1,in regulating tillering and grain size in rice

Tiller number and grain size are important agronomic traits that determine grain yield in rice.Here,we demonstrate that DEFECTIVE TILLER GROWTH 1(DTG1),a member of the casein kinase 1 protein family,exerts a co-regulatory effect on tiller number and grain size.We identified a single amino acid substitution in DTG1(I357K)that caused a decrease in tiller number and an increase in grain size in NIL-dtg1.Genetic analyses revealed that DTG1 plays a pivotal role in regulation of tillering and grain size.The DTG1^(I357K) allelic variant exhibited robust functionality in suppressing tillering.We show that DTG1 is preferentially expressed in tiller buds and young panicles,and negatively regulates grain size by restricting cell proliferation in spikelet hulls.We further confirm that DTG1 functioned in grain size regulation by directly interacting with Grain Width 2(GW2),a critical grain size regulator in rice.The CRISPR/Cas9-mediated elimination of DTG1 significantly enhanced tiller number and grain size,thereby increasing rice grain yield under field conditions,thus highlighting potential value of DTG1 in rice breeding.

慢性铝暴露对大鼠海马神经元PKC、CaMKⅡ、Ng的影响

通过研究慢性铝暴露对大鼠学习记忆和海马长时程增强(long-term potentiation,LTP)的影响,并检测海马神经元蛋白激酶C(protein kinasec,PKC)活性及Ca2+-钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ(Ca2+-calmodulin dependent protein kinaseⅡ,CaMKⅡ)和神经颗粒素(neurogranin,Ng)蛋白表达的变化,探讨铝暴露损害学习记忆的作用机制.选用断乳后Wistar大鼠,以含有不同浓度AlCl3的蒸馏水进行饲养.3个月后,测定铝暴露组大鼠脑内和血中的铝含量;测量记录大鼠海马群体峰电位(population spike,PS)LTP;用改良Takai法测定海马神经元PKC活性变化;Western印迹法检测CaMKⅡ和Ng的蛋白表达.结果显示,与对照组相比,铝暴露组的PKC活性降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0·01);与对照组相比,铝暴露组的CaMⅡ蛋白表达降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0·05);与对照组相比,铝暴露组的Ng蛋白表达降低,且差异有统计学意义(P<0·05).实验结果说明:慢性铝暴露可以降低大鼠海马神经元PKC的活性及Ng和CaMKⅡ的蛋白表达,可能影响Ng磷酸化水平,从而影响CaM与Ng之间的亲和性,也影响Ca2+-CaM对CaMKⅡ的调节,抑制LTP的形成,损害学习记忆的功能.

Rho激酶在血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激大鼠心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成中的作用

目的:探讨Rho激酶在血管紧张素Ⅱ(AngⅡ)刺激心肌成纤维细胞(CFBs)增殖和胶原合成中的作用。方法:采用胰酶消化、差速贴壁法培养新生Sprague-Dawley(SD)大鼠CFBs,并用AngⅡ诱导CFBs增殖和胶原合成。采用四氮唑盐(MTT)比色法测定细胞增殖,羟脯氨酸法测定CFBs胶原含量,RT-PCR检测Rho激酶mRNA表达,Westernblotting检测肌球蛋白结合亚基磷酸化(MBS-P)表达作为Rho激酶功能活化的标志。结果:(1)AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)刺激48h可诱导CFBs增殖和胶原合成(均P<0.01);(2)AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)可显著上调新生SD大鼠CFBs的Rho激酶mRNA表达并诱导Rho激酶快速活化;(3)在一定浓度范围内,Rho激酶特异性抑制剂hydroxyfasudil(H4413)对AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)刺激的CFBs增殖与胶原合成具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05或P<0.01)。结论:AngⅡ可诱导新生SD大鼠CFBs的Rho激酶mRNA转录并活化Rho激酶,抑制Rho激酶活化对AngⅡ刺激的CFBs增殖与胶原合成具有明显的抑制作用,提示Rho激酶在调控AngⅡ刺激大鼠CFBs增殖与胶原合成中可能具有重要作用。

钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ和蛋白激酶A信号转导通路在儿茶酚胺敏感性室性心动过速中的作用

目的研究钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ和蛋白激酶A信号转导通路在儿茶酚胺敏感性室性心动过速中的作用。方法日本长耳白兔随机分成正常对照组、模型组、KN93组以及H89组。制备兔左室楔形心肌块灌流模型,正常组灌流蒂罗德液,模型组灌流咖啡因和异丙肾上腺素,KN93组在灌流咖啡因与异丙肾上腺素的基础上加灌KN93,H89组同样在灌流咖啡因与异丙肾上腺素的基础上加灌H89。观察通过程序性刺激后触发活动和室性心律失常的诱发情况。结果对照组触发活动和室性心律失常的诱发率为0。通过灌流咖啡因与异丙肾上腺素以后,QT间期明显缩短,模型组触发活动的诱发率为12/13,室性心律失常的发生率为8/13;而灌流KN93和H89后触发活动分别减少至4/9和6/11,室性心律失常减少到1/9和2/11。钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ抑制剂和蛋白激酶A抑制剂可以减少药物灌流儿茶酚胺敏感性室速模型的触发活动和室性心律失常的发生。结论儿茶酚胺敏感性室性心动过速的发生跟钙调蛋白激酶Ⅱ和蛋白激酶A信号转导通路密切相关。该信号通路有望成为儿茶酚胺敏感性室性心动过速的治疗靶点。

p38丝裂原活化蛋白激酶与c-Jun-N末端激酶信号通路反向调控血管紧张素Ⅱ诱导的人足细胞凋亡

目的 :研究不同亚型的丝裂原活化蛋白激酶 (MAPK) ,即p38MAPK、细胞外信号调节激酶 (ERK)和c Jun N末端激酶 (JNK)在血管紧张素Ⅱ (ANGⅡ )诱导的培养人体足细胞凋亡中的作用。方法 :体外培养条件下 ,分别用ANGⅡ (1 0 -8mol/L)或ANGⅡ与不同的MAPK抑制剂 (SB2 0 2 1 90、PD980 5 9、SP6 0 0 1 2 5 )处理人体足细胞 ;应用H 33342和碘化丙啶双染色形态学方法和DNA片段测定法检测细胞凋亡 ;应用Western印迹检测ANGⅡ刺激的MAPK活性改变。结果 :ANGⅡ诱导足细胞凋亡呈时间和剂量依赖性 ;ANGⅡ刺激 p38MAPK ,而抑制JNK活性 ;p38MAPK抑制剂 (SB2 0 2 1 90 )抑制ANGⅡ诱导的足细胞凋亡和 p38MAPK活性 ;SP6 0 0 1 2 5抑制JNK活性而促进了ANGⅡ诱导的足细胞凋亡。结论 :ANGⅡ通过激活

RhoA/Rho激酶信号通路在血管紧张素Ⅱ刺激心肌成纤维细胞增殖和胶原合成中的作用

【目的】探讨RhoA/Rho激酶信号通路在血管紧张素Ⅱ(angiotensinⅡ,AngⅡ)刺激心肌成纤维细胞(cardiac fibroblasts,CFBs)增殖和胶原合成中的作用。【方法】采用胰酶消化、差速贴壁法培养新生SD大鼠CFBs,并用AngⅡ诱导CFBs增殖和胶原合成。采用四氮唑盐比色法测定细胞增殖,羟脯氨酸法测定CFBs胶原含量,RT-PCR检测RhoA/Rho激酶mRNA的表达,Western blot检测肌球蛋白结合亚基磷酸化(phosphorylation of myosin-binding subunit,MBS-P)表达作为Rho激酶功能活化的标志。【结果】AngⅡ(10-7mol/L)刺激48h可诱导新生SD大鼠CFBs的Rho激酶活化(P<0.01),上调RhoA、Rho激酶mRNA表达(P<0.05,P<0.05);Rho激酶特异性抑制剂Hydroxyfasudil(H4413)对AngⅡ刺激的CFBs增殖与胶原合成具有明显的抑制作用(P<0.05,P<0.05)。【结论】RhoA/Rho激酶信通路可能在调控AngⅡ刺激CFBs增殖和胶原合成中发挥重要作用。