Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a p...Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a comprehensive early warning system on climate variability incidence which can be communicated to local farmers by agro-meteorological extension officers, research on crops that can grow with little or no rain, planning irrigation scheme, and improving tree planting culture in the study area.展开更多
A great number of production sectors in Africa that make use of maize, rice and wheat starches have carried out several experiments on cassava (Manihot esculenta) flour and starch, and found them to be potentially val...A great number of production sectors in Africa that make use of maize, rice and wheat starches have carried out several experiments on cassava (Manihot esculenta) flour and starch, and found them to be potentially valuable substitutes. The benefits ranged from being a human staple food, constituent of animal feeds, and raw material in food processing, textile, pharmaceutical, detergent, alcohol and plastic industries to production of confectioneries like bread, spaghetti and chinchin. The vast availability of this “white gold” in most African countries can be explored in order to fully maximize its potential as an industrial base for interested entrepreneurs.展开更多
Cassava flours are obtained from the roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz and daily fairly consumed by the Brazilian population considering it comes to hum food, and also inserted into food baskets, besides to present lo...Cassava flours are obtained from the roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz and daily fairly consumed by the Brazilian population considering it comes to hum food, and also inserted into food baskets, besides to present low cost and easy access, in addition to being plant easily cultivated by the population. However, the food obtained with cassava may contain hydrocyanic acid, in the form of cyanogenic glycoside when those meals are not cooked properly. The oral toxicity can range 30 - 210 mg/kg body, the average daily consumption per capita in larger rural areas than in urban areas for cassava flour 19.1 g against 4.7 g, respectively. Brazil’s North and Northeast have higher consumption of cassava flour, associated with family monthly monetary income, making this region more vulnerable to poisoning. The objective of this study was to quantify cyanogenic glycosides present in some types of Brazilian cassava foods by means of spectrophotometric technique (reading at a wavelength of 530 nm). For quantitative determination of cyanide content, linamarase hydrolysis was used. The amount of cyanide was determined, and results were: artisan toasted cassava flour: 15 mg/500g, sweet cassava starch: 32.5 mg/500g, artisan dried cassava flour: 37.5 mg/500g, “bijuzada” cassava flour: 60 mg/500g, industrialized, toasted cassava flour: 115 mg/500g, industrialized, raw cassava flour: 140 mg/500g, and wet cassava flour: 225 mg/500g. Considering the chronic ingestion of cyanide present in these foods, they can cause public health problems.展开更多
Cassava is the second most important food crop produced and consumed in Côte d’Ivoire, after yam. White-fleshed varieties, which are low in total carotenoids, are widespread, while coloured-fleshed varieties...Cassava is the second most important food crop produced and consumed in Côte d’Ivoire, after yam. White-fleshed varieties, which are low in total carotenoids, are widespread, while coloured-fleshed varieties (yellow to orange), carotenoid-rich, are rare. However, the consumption of carotenoid-rich cassava varieties could help to alleviate health problems related to vitamin A deficiency. This study aims to identify high agronomic performance, carotenoid-rich and versatile cassava varieties among 31 clones introduced from IITA. They were compared to three controls, Bocou2, Yacé and Bonou2, according to agronomic and technological parameters. Results found that out of the 31 clones, six (I082425, I084157, I084563, I085894, I083774 and I070520) were more p<span>roductive than the control Bocou2 (46.01 ± 14.88 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>);the</span> clone I083774 had the highest yield (55.88 ± 6.16 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Twenty-one clones had dry matter contents, ranging from 37% to 41%, significantly similar to Yacé control (42.70%). Thirteen clones had highest total carotenoid contents than the control Bocou2. Clones I084157 and I082425 recorded the highest total carotenoid contents with 17.57 ± 1.92 and 18.39 ± 1.19</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">μg·g<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Overall 31 tested clones were fibrous to varying degrees while 27 clones had mild or neutral post-cooking flavours and 17 clones had poor cooking. The clone I084157 is the best compromise of agronomic and technological desired traits.展开更多
文摘Climate variability as occasioned by conditions such as extreme rainfall and temperature, rainfall cessation, and irregular temperatures has considerable impact on crop yield and food security. This study develops a predictive model for cassava yield (Manihot esculenta Crantz) amidst climate variability in rainfed zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. This study utilized data of climate variables and tonnage of cassava yield spanning from 1971 to 2012;as well as information from a questionnaire and focus group discussion from farmers across two seasons in 2023 respectively. Regression analysis was employed to develop the predictive model equation for seasonal climate variability and cassava yield. The rainfall and temperature anomalies, decadal change in trend of cassava yield and opinion of farmers on changes in rainfall season were also computed in the study. The result shows the following relationship between cassava and all the climatic variables: R2 = 0.939;P = 0.00514;Cassava and key climatic variables: R2 = 0.560;P = 0.007. The result implies that seasonal rainfall, temperature, relative humidity, sunshine hours and radiation parameters are key climatic variables in cassava production. This is supported by computed rainfall and temperature anomalies which range from −478.5 to 517.8 mm as well as −1.2˚C to 2.3˚C over the years. The questionnaire and focus group identified that farmers experienced at one time or another, late onset of rain, early onset of rain or rainfall cessation over the years. The farmers are not particularly sure of rainfall and temperature characteristics at any point in time. The implication of the result of this study is that rainfall and temperature parameters determine the farming season and quantity of productivity. Hence, there is urgent need to address the situation through effective and quality weather forecasting network which will help stem food insecurity in the study area and Nigeria at large. The study made recommendations such as a comprehensive early warning system on climate variability incidence which can be communicated to local farmers by agro-meteorological extension officers, research on crops that can grow with little or no rain, planning irrigation scheme, and improving tree planting culture in the study area.
文摘A great number of production sectors in Africa that make use of maize, rice and wheat starches have carried out several experiments on cassava (Manihot esculenta) flour and starch, and found them to be potentially valuable substitutes. The benefits ranged from being a human staple food, constituent of animal feeds, and raw material in food processing, textile, pharmaceutical, detergent, alcohol and plastic industries to production of confectioneries like bread, spaghetti and chinchin. The vast availability of this “white gold” in most African countries can be explored in order to fully maximize its potential as an industrial base for interested entrepreneurs.
文摘Cassava flours are obtained from the roots of Manihot esculenta Crantz and daily fairly consumed by the Brazilian population considering it comes to hum food, and also inserted into food baskets, besides to present low cost and easy access, in addition to being plant easily cultivated by the population. However, the food obtained with cassava may contain hydrocyanic acid, in the form of cyanogenic glycoside when those meals are not cooked properly. The oral toxicity can range 30 - 210 mg/kg body, the average daily consumption per capita in larger rural areas than in urban areas for cassava flour 19.1 g against 4.7 g, respectively. Brazil’s North and Northeast have higher consumption of cassava flour, associated with family monthly monetary income, making this region more vulnerable to poisoning. The objective of this study was to quantify cyanogenic glycosides present in some types of Brazilian cassava foods by means of spectrophotometric technique (reading at a wavelength of 530 nm). For quantitative determination of cyanide content, linamarase hydrolysis was used. The amount of cyanide was determined, and results were: artisan toasted cassava flour: 15 mg/500g, sweet cassava starch: 32.5 mg/500g, artisan dried cassava flour: 37.5 mg/500g, “bijuzada” cassava flour: 60 mg/500g, industrialized, toasted cassava flour: 115 mg/500g, industrialized, raw cassava flour: 140 mg/500g, and wet cassava flour: 225 mg/500g. Considering the chronic ingestion of cyanide present in these foods, they can cause public health problems.
文摘Cassava is the second most important food crop produced and consumed in Côte d’Ivoire, after yam. White-fleshed varieties, which are low in total carotenoids, are widespread, while coloured-fleshed varieties (yellow to orange), carotenoid-rich, are rare. However, the consumption of carotenoid-rich cassava varieties could help to alleviate health problems related to vitamin A deficiency. This study aims to identify high agronomic performance, carotenoid-rich and versatile cassava varieties among 31 clones introduced from IITA. They were compared to three controls, Bocou2, Yacé and Bonou2, according to agronomic and technological parameters. Results found that out of the 31 clones, six (I082425, I084157, I084563, I085894, I083774 and I070520) were more p<span>roductive than the control Bocou2 (46.01 ± 14.88 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>);the</span> clone I083774 had the highest yield (55.88 ± 6.16 t·ha<sup>-1</sup>). Twenty-one clones had dry matter contents, ranging from 37% to 41%, significantly similar to Yacé control (42.70%). Thirteen clones had highest total carotenoid contents than the control Bocou2. Clones I084157 and I082425 recorded the highest total carotenoid contents with 17.57 ± 1.92 and 18.39 ± 1.19</span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:""> </span><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"">μg·g<sup>-1</sup> respectively. Overall 31 tested clones were fibrous to varying degrees while 27 clones had mild or neutral post-cooking flavours and 17 clones had poor cooking. The clone I084157 is the best compromise of agronomic and technological desired traits.
