African Cassava mosaic disease (ACMD) is the most severe and widespread disease caused by viruses limiting production of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CMD incidence...African Cassava mosaic disease (ACMD) is the most severe and widespread disease caused by viruses limiting production of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CMD incidence, severity, and gravity under different agro-environmental conditions. A total of 222 fields were surveyed in 23 different locations. All the farmers grow only local cassava varieties without applications of fertilizers. Overall, mean CMD incidences for all sites surveyed were 58.2% and 51.7%, in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Disease severity ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 on a scale of 1 to 5. Mean disease gravity varied from 29.7% to 62%, in 2010, and 2009, respectively. Detailed analysis of agronomic and environmental revealed no significant association between cassava stand locations, age, land topography and the development of CMD. Likewise intercropping practices and field topping did not affect the development of CMD in all the fields surveyed. There were significant differences in the number of white flies (Bemisia tabaci) per plant in 2009 and 2010, but no significant correlations between the number of B. tabaci per plant and CMD incidence, severity, and gravity was found. In most fields, CMD appears to originate mostly from unhealthy cassava cuttings used for planting.展开更多
为有效控制木薯园蛴螬的危害,筛选其药剂防治技术。采用"Z"字型取样法对云南木薯园蛴螬种类进行调查,结果表明:危害当地木薯的主要地下害虫种类为痣鳞鳃金龟。选取3种药剂不同配比及浓度,采用土壤药剂处理方法进行田间药效试...为有效控制木薯园蛴螬的危害,筛选其药剂防治技术。采用"Z"字型取样法对云南木薯园蛴螬种类进行调查,结果表明:危害当地木薯的主要地下害虫种类为痣鳞鳃金龟。选取3种药剂不同配比及浓度,采用土壤药剂处理方法进行田间药效试验,试验结果表明:"40%辛硫磷乳油2 520 m L/hm2与1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 680 m L/hm2混合液"对蛴螬有较好的防效,显著降低了植株死亡率、虫薯率和虫害率,增产幅度较大,可作为木薯蛴螬药剂防治技术推广应用。展开更多
以木薯淀粉为原料,以乙酸酐为酯化剂,在不同脉冲电场强度(0 k V/cm、2k V/cm、3 k V/cm、4 k V/cm、5 k V/cm、6 k V/cm、7 k V/cm)、不同有效处理时间(0 ms、3 ms、6 ms、9 ms、12 ms、15 ms)和不同酸酐添加量(4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)...以木薯淀粉为原料,以乙酸酐为酯化剂,在不同脉冲电场强度(0 k V/cm、2k V/cm、3 k V/cm、4 k V/cm、5 k V/cm、6 k V/cm、7 k V/cm)、不同有效处理时间(0 ms、3 ms、6 ms、9 ms、12 ms、15 ms)和不同酸酐添加量(4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)下湿法制备醋酸酯淀粉,对乙酰基及取代度进行测定,得出经过脉冲电场处理,木薯醋酸酯淀粉乙酰基含量和取代度都有所提高。乙酸酐添加量为6%,电场强度为4 Kv/cm,有效处理时间为9 ms,样品取代度由0.084提高至0.110,说明脉冲电场处理可以促进酯化反应的进行,提高了酯化反应效率。此外还研究了木薯醋酸酯淀粉糊透明度、溶解度及膨润力、冻融稳定性和淀粉糊黏度性质,并通过红外光谱对产品进行结构表征。结果表明:经过脉冲电场处理,木薯淀粉颗粒均引入了乙酰基团,并提高醋酸淀粉的糊透明度、溶解度和膨润力,提高淀粉糊峰值黏度,而淀粉糊稳定性基本保持不变。展开更多
文摘African Cassava mosaic disease (ACMD) is the most severe and widespread disease caused by viruses limiting production of the crop in sub-Saharan Africa. The objective of the present study was to evaluate CMD incidence, severity, and gravity under different agro-environmental conditions. A total of 222 fields were surveyed in 23 different locations. All the farmers grow only local cassava varieties without applications of fertilizers. Overall, mean CMD incidences for all sites surveyed were 58.2% and 51.7%, in 2009 and 2010, respectively. Disease severity ranged from 2.4 to 3.1 on a scale of 1 to 5. Mean disease gravity varied from 29.7% to 62%, in 2010, and 2009, respectively. Detailed analysis of agronomic and environmental revealed no significant association between cassava stand locations, age, land topography and the development of CMD. Likewise intercropping practices and field topping did not affect the development of CMD in all the fields surveyed. There were significant differences in the number of white flies (Bemisia tabaci) per plant in 2009 and 2010, but no significant correlations between the number of B. tabaci per plant and CMD incidence, severity, and gravity was found. In most fields, CMD appears to originate mostly from unhealthy cassava cuttings used for planting.
文摘为有效控制木薯园蛴螬的危害,筛选其药剂防治技术。采用"Z"字型取样法对云南木薯园蛴螬种类进行调查,结果表明:危害当地木薯的主要地下害虫种类为痣鳞鳃金龟。选取3种药剂不同配比及浓度,采用土壤药剂处理方法进行田间药效试验,试验结果表明:"40%辛硫磷乳油2 520 m L/hm2与1.8%阿维菌素乳油1 680 m L/hm2混合液"对蛴螬有较好的防效,显著降低了植株死亡率、虫薯率和虫害率,增产幅度较大,可作为木薯蛴螬药剂防治技术推广应用。
文摘以木薯淀粉为原料,以乙酸酐为酯化剂,在不同脉冲电场强度(0 k V/cm、2k V/cm、3 k V/cm、4 k V/cm、5 k V/cm、6 k V/cm、7 k V/cm)、不同有效处理时间(0 ms、3 ms、6 ms、9 ms、12 ms、15 ms)和不同酸酐添加量(4%、6%、8%、10%、12%)下湿法制备醋酸酯淀粉,对乙酰基及取代度进行测定,得出经过脉冲电场处理,木薯醋酸酯淀粉乙酰基含量和取代度都有所提高。乙酸酐添加量为6%,电场强度为4 Kv/cm,有效处理时间为9 ms,样品取代度由0.084提高至0.110,说明脉冲电场处理可以促进酯化反应的进行,提高了酯化反应效率。此外还研究了木薯醋酸酯淀粉糊透明度、溶解度及膨润力、冻融稳定性和淀粉糊黏度性质,并通过红外光谱对产品进行结构表征。结果表明:经过脉冲电场处理,木薯淀粉颗粒均引入了乙酰基团,并提高醋酸淀粉的糊透明度、溶解度和膨润力,提高淀粉糊峰值黏度,而淀粉糊稳定性基本保持不变。
