Thermal performance of cast-in-place piles with artificial ground freezing in permafrost regions

During the construction of cast-in-place piles in warm permafrost,the heat carried by concrete and the cement hydration reaction can cause strong thermal disturbance to the surrounding permafrost.Since the bearing capacity of the pile is quite small before the full freeze-back,the quick refreezing of the native soils surrounding the cast-in-place pile has become the focus of the infrastructure construction in permafrost.To solve this problem,this paper innovatively puts forward the application of the artificial ground freezing(AGF)method at the end of the curing period of cast-in-place piles in permafrost.A field test on the AGF was conducted at the Beiluhe Observation and Research Station of Frozen Soil Engineering and Environment(34°51.2'N,92°56.4'E)in the Qinghai Tibet Plateau(QTP),and then a 3-D numerical model was established to investigate the thermal performance of piles using AGF under different engineering conditions.Additionally,the long-term thermal performance of piles after the completion of AGF under different conditions was estimated.Field experiment results demonstrate that AGF is an effective method to reduce the refreezing time of the soil surrounding the piles constructed in permafrost terrain,with the ability to reduce the pile-soil interface temperatures to below the natural ground temperature within 3 days.Numerical results further prove that AGF still has a good cooling effect even under unfavorable engineering conditions such as high pouring temperature,large pile diameter,and large pile length.Consequently,the application of this method is meaningful to save the subsequent latency time and solve the problem of thermal disturbance in pile construction in permafrost.The research results are highly relevant for the spread of AGF technology and the rapid building of pile foundations in permafrost.

Field observation of the thermal disturbance and freezeback processes of cast-in-place pile foundations in warm permafrost regions

The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations.The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place(CIP)pile foundations affect the thermal stability of permafrost.In this paper,temperature data from inside multiple CIP piles,borehole observations of ground thermal status adjacent to the foundations and local weather stations were monitored in warm permafrost regions to study the thermal influence process of CIP pile foundations.The following conclusions are drawn from the field observation data.(1)The early temperature change process of different CIP piles is different,and the differences gradually diminish over time.(2)The initial concrete temperature is linearly related with the air temperature,net radiation and wind speed within 1 h before the completion of concrete pouring;the contributions of the air temperature,net radiation,and wind speed to the initial concrete temperature are 51.9%,20.3%and 27.9%,respectively.(3)The outer boundary of the thermal disturbance annulus is approximately 2 m away from the pile center.It took more than 224 days for the soil around the CIP piles to return to the natural permafrost temperature at the study site.

Effect of Dietary Components on the Shear Bond Strength of Orthodontics Brackets after Thermal Aging

Introduction: The stability of orthodontic brackets throughout orthodontic treatment plays a critical role in the treatment’s effectiveness. The present in vitro study was designed to assess the impact of various dietary components on the performance of orthodontic brackets. Methods: Metal orthodontic brackets were bonded to 66 extracted anterior teeth divided into groups based on the solution type: Milk, Gatorade, Cold Coffee, and a control group using water. Each group consisted of 20 teeth except for the control group, which included six teeth. The bracketed teeth were submerged in their respective solutions for 15 minutes three times daily at different intervals to mimic an in vivo environment and were stored in artificial saliva at room temperature (23?C). The specimens underwent artificial aging through 10,000 cycles of thermocycling (representing one clinical year) between 5?C and 55?C. Shade measurements were taken using a VITA Easy Shade device, capturing the classic shade and L*, a*, and b* values. Delta E values were calculated immediately post-bonding and after 7 days, 1 month, 1, and 2 clinical years. The shear bond strength of each bracket was measured using an ultra-tester machine. Results: After two clinical years, significant differences in ΔE color values were observed across all groups, with the most substantial change noted in teeth immersed in cold coffee. Brackets submerged in milk demonstrated lower shear bond strength than other solutions, whereas the control group exhibited the highest shear bond strength (P = 0.01). Conclusion: The study indicates that dietary components significantly influence tooth color stability and the shear bond strength of orthodontic brackets, underscoring the importance of considering these factors in orthodontic treatment planning.

Research and Analysis on Anti-corrosion of Mountain Photovoltaic Brackets

With the increasing global demand for renewable energy,solar photovoltaic power generation technology has been widely applied in China and even globally.Especially in mountainous areas,complex terrain resources are cleverly utilized in the construction of photovoltaic power stations,but this also brings severe challenges to the anti-corrosion of photovoltaic brackets.This paper focuses on the anti-corrosion technology of mountain photovoltaic brackets,and deeply explores the influence of natural factors such as mountain climate,sandstorms,and precipitation on the corrosion of photovoltaic brackets.The research results show that the key to improving anti-corrosion performance lies in the selection of bracket materials and optimization of coating processes.After comparing various anti-corrosion treatment methods such as hot-dip galvanizing,spray aluminum coating,and new anti-corrosion materials,it is found that nano coating technology exhibits excellent protective effects in corrosive environments.This study is of great significance for promoting the sustainable development of photovoltaic power generation,providing solid theoretical support and practical guidance for the anti-corrosion design of mountain photovoltaic power stations.

Application Strategies of the Bracket Set in Modern Architectural Design

The Bracket Set(dougong)is an important aspect of traditional Chinese architecture known for its exquisite structure,complexity,and rich variations.This design element has been used since the Qin and Han Dynasties and is still prevalent today.It highlights hierarchy and spiritual connotations in the design of a building.This article explores the application of Bracket Set elements in modern architectural design.It analyzes the specific application strategies of this design element,highlighting its value in modern architecture.The goal is to provide modern architectural designers with multiple perspectives and strategies to fully utilize the advantages of Bracket Set elements in architectural design and enhance the artistic value of their work.

Refreezing of cast-in-place piles under various engineering conditions

In the construction of the Qinghai-Tibet Power Transmission Line （QTPTL）, cast-in-place piles （CIPPs） are widely applied in areas with unfavorable geological conditions. The thermal regime around piles in permafrost regions greatly affects the stability of the towers as well as the operation of the QTPTL. The casting of piles will markedly affect the thermal regime of the surrounding permafrost because of the casting temperature and the hydration heat of cement. Based on the typical geological and engineering conditions along the QTPTL, thermal disturbance ofa CIPP to surrounding permafrost under different casting seasons, pile depths, and casting temperatures were simulated. The results show that the casting season （summer versus winter） can influence the refreezing process of CIPPs, within the first 6 m of pile depth. Sixty days after being cast, CIPPs greater than 6 m in depth can be frozen regardless of which season they were cast, and the foundation could be reffozen after a cold season. Comparing the refreezing characteristics of CIPPs cast in different seasons also showed that, without considering the ground surface conditions, warm seasons are more suitable for casting piles. With the increase of pile depth, the thermal effect of a CIPP on the surrounding soil mainly expands vertically, while the lateral heat disturbance changes little. Deeper, longer CIPPs have better stability. The casting temperature clearly affects the thermal disturbance, and the radius of the melting circle increases with rising casting temperature. The optimal casting temperature is between 2 ℃ and 9 ℃.

Seismic performance analysis and design suggestion for frame buildings with cast-in-place staircases

Many staircases in reinforced concrete （RC） frame structures suffered severe damage during the Wenchuan earthquake. Elastic analyses for 18 RC structure models with and without staircases are conducted and compared to study the influence of the staircase on the stiffness, displacements and internal forces of the structures. To capture the yielding development and damage mechanism of frame structures, elasto-plastic analysis is carried out for one of the 18 models. Based on the features observed in the analyses, a new type of staircase design i.e., isolating them from the master structure to eliminate the effect of K-type struts, is proposed and discussed. It is concluded that the proposed method of staircase isolation is effective and feasible for engineering design, and does not significantly increase the construction cost.

Physical modeling of behaviors of cast-in-place concrete piled raft compared to free-standing pile group in sand

Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.

Field study of plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile

The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.

Design and construction of high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever flowering frame beam

The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guaranteed the frame body and structure security by the frame body calculating, on-site test and reasonable construction order.

无托槽隐形矫治器扩展上颌牙弓时附件差异对后牙位移的三维有限元分析

目的:利用全牙列精准扫描建模分析无托槽隐形矫治器扩展上颌牙弓时对后牙三维位移的影响。方法:选择2017年1月-2022年6月就诊于笔者医院口腔正畸科的86例成年患者为研究对象。所有患者均为安氏I类错牙合,矫治方案设计为仅通过邻面去釉的方式排齐上下前牙,在全牙列精准扫描建模的基础上,构建无托槽隐形矫治器进行上颌牙弓扩弓前以及扩弓后的后牙三维方向有限元模型的对比。结果:第5组位移量的最大值(3.315 17)与最小值(3.139 25)的比值均为所有组别中最小的。与其他组相比,第5组位移最小值与根尖的距离更近;第5组的第二前磨牙对应得到的等效应力值最小,应力的分布更为均匀。结论:施加附件作用时,对前磨牙的控根效果显著优于磨牙,其中优化后扩弓支持附件对后牙的控根效果更为优秀。

出踩与面宽方向柱头科斗栱抗震性能对比试验及数值分析

为研究加载方向对斗栱抗震性能的影响,文章基于地震作用的随机性和斗栱出踩与面宽方向的构造差异,对2个足尺柱头科斗栱分别沿出踩和面宽方向进行拟静力试验,得到斗栱的破坏模式、承载力、刚度与强度退化、耗能和变形能力。结果表明:斗栱在出踩和面宽方向分别加载时,大斗均相对平板枋滑移,馒头榫挤压剪断。出踩方向受力时单昂与桃尖梁相对滑移,面宽方向受力时整体明显转动。相比面宽方向受力的斗栱,出踩方向受力的斗栱具有更高的承载力、初始刚度和耗能能力,而变形能力较差。文章开展柱头科斗栱的数值分析,模拟结果与试验结果吻合较好,研究出踩和面宽不同加载方向、轴压荷载、木构件之间摩擦系数和木材弹性模量对其抗震性能的影响。结果表明:面宽方向是柱头科斗栱的最不利受力方向,其正负向承载力比出踩方向分别低19.21%和17.03%;轴压荷载和木构件之间摩擦系数越大,斗栱承载力越大,而木材顺纹弹性模量和横纹径向弹性模量对斗栱的初始刚度和承载力影响较小。

严寒地区光伏支架受力分析及优化

光伏支架作为光伏系统的重要组成部分,结构设计至关重要。为提升严寒地区光伏支架的安全性和经济性,采用有限元模拟方法对大庆市典型光伏工程进行了参数化分析和优化设计,主要探究檩条间距、立柱数量和前后立柱间距等不同结构参数对支架受力性能的影响。结果表明,支架挠度与檩条间距和立柱数量呈负相关,与前后立柱间距呈先增大后减小的趋势,临界荷载变化趋势与支架挠度变化趋势正好相反。并得出最佳优化方案:采用单块光伏板长度20%的檩条间距、斜梁水平投影60%的立柱间距、中间斜梁增加斜支撑和截面厚度2 mm的支架优化设计,此优化方案可使支架挠度降低71%。

汽车变速器支架冲压成形工艺参数优化

该文以汽车变速器支架为研究对象,利用Dynaform软件研究其冲压成形过程出现的常见缺陷和问题。首先采用单因素分析确定正交试验的参数范围,然后通过正交试验和极差分析,获得各参数对最大减薄率的影响主次顺序,即冲压速度大于摩擦系数大于模具间隙;对于最大增厚率,冲压速度大于模具间隙大于摩擦系数,相对最优工艺参数组合为摩擦系数0.100、模具间隙1.44 mm、冲压速度1000 mm/s。最大减薄率的数值为15.345%、最大增厚率的仿真数值为16.017%,优化后的零件成形质量良好,可降低破裂的风险。

移动式多点出料装置设计与试验

目前,筒仓仓群的进料传统工艺路线是在每个仓顶上布置有一台带式输送机,通过搭接方式由一台传递给另一台,实现物料的连续输送。其在每台带式输送机的出料口处设置有三通,一通流向料仓仓顶的进料点,一通流向下台带式输送机,导致工艺配置复杂、设备布置繁琐,操作起来不方便,故障率也会增高。为此,设计了一种移动式多点出料装置,包括:机架布置在输送机托架上方,托架上固定有滑轨;滚轮、驱动机安装在机架上且二者传动连接;导向托架与机架固定,其上安装有出料辊和托辊组,出料辊与托辊组共同对输送带进行滚动支撑,导向托架的一端固定有出料斗,其出料端布置在输送机托架一侧。上述设置保证了带式输送机出料位置可调,当需要对依次排列的多个料仓进行输送进料时,只需要布置一台带式输送机即可。样机调试运行及对生产试验结果表明:装置设计的各项技术指标均符合国家标准的规定和设计规范要求,能够满足市场需求和生产需要,解决了料仓仓顶多点进料的工艺难点。

汽车线束支架选材研究

汽车线束防护在线束设计中起着重要作用,其中线束支架具有保护线束和固定线束的功能。传统的线束支架通常采用尼龙66(PA66)材料,然而随着尼龙价格的不断攀升,替代PA66的方案逐渐被提出。主要结合结构与材料性能,研究聚丙烯类材料替代尼龙材料做线束支架的可能性。结果表明:汽车线束支架本体部分可使用20%滑石粉填充聚丙烯材料(PP-TD20)代替PA66,汽车底盘用线束支架可以采用30%玻纤增强聚丙烯材料(PP-GF30)。

斜拉桥长大节段组合式主梁悬臂施工技术研究

鲁巴跨海大桥主航道桥为双塔双索面混凝土斜拉桥,大桥主梁为π形混凝土组合式主梁,标准节段长10.2m、宽17.3m、中心高2.5m;主梁斜拉索锚固块及横向横梁为预制装配式构件,边主梁及桥面板为现浇混凝土构件,各主要构件通过横向预应力连为一体。以该桥主梁悬臂施工为工程背景,从质量控制、施工计划、施工成本3个方面对主梁2种施工方案进行对比,最终确定适合本桥主梁施工的挂篮方案,可有效降低临时结构自重对已浇筑节段混凝土产生的附加应力影响,降低工程造价;同时,通过对2~15号主梁节段采用新型桁架式牵索挂篮施工进行专项设计,解决了主梁节段长、自重大、预制装配式构件安装精度要求高、节段施工周期长的难题。

无褶皱吻合技术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的应用价值

目的:探讨结直肠吻合新技术无褶皱吻合术治疗结直肠恶性梗阻的应用价值。方法:收集2020年1月至2022年12月收治的54例左半结肠直肠癌合并结直肠梗阻患者的临床资料。患者均为急诊就诊,确诊结直肠梗阻且腹部CT测量扩张肠管直径>30 mm。急症行内镜下经肛肠道自膨式金属支架置入术,术中取活检,病理结果证实恶性肿瘤。限期行腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术,术中应用无褶皱吻合技术进行一期吻合。术后随访7~24个月,评估吻合口相关并发症情况。结果:54例均完成腹腔镜结直肠癌切除术。术中测量近端肠管直径29.50~45.80 mm,平均(36.29±4.51)mm;远端肠管直径19.50~32.60 mm,平均(24.93±4.19)mm。近远端肠管管径不一致,行无褶皱吻合术,吻合放置抵钉座时间3~5 min,平均(3.80±0.79)min。术后无吻合口出血、狭窄、漏等并发症发生,术后随访未发生局部复发等远期并发症。结论:无褶皱吻合技术应用于结直肠恶性梗阻支架置入术后吻合确切,手术安全、可靠。

无托槽隐形矫治器治疗骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]的疗效分析

目的 探讨无托槽隐形矫治器治疗骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]的疗效。方法 以2021年7月至2023年10月在郑州大学第一附属医院进行正畸治疗的87例骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]患者为研究对象开展回顾性分析,根据应用矫治器的不同分为传统组(应用传统固定矫治器治疗,n=44)和隐形组(应用无托槽隐形矫治器治疗,n=43)。比较两组矫治效果[采用美国正畸专家认证委员会(ABO)评级系统评定]、侧貌美学指标、牙周指数[探诊深度(PD)、菌斑指数(PLI)及牙龈指数(GI)]及龈沟液炎症因子[白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)和可溶性细胞间黏附分子1(sICAM-1)]水平。结果 矫治后,隐形组ABO评级系统中的8项分值及总分与传统组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);矫治后,两组颌凸角、上下中切牙角、U1-PP、FMA、UL-EP、TLL-EP均优于矫治前(P<0.05),其中隐形组上下中切牙角、FMA优于传统组(P<0.05);矫治后,隐形组PD、PLI、GI及龈沟液IL-1β、sICAM-1水平均低于传统组(P<0.05)。结论 无托槽隐形矫治器可有效矫正骨性Ⅱ类错[牙合]畸形,提高患者侧貌美观度,并能减少对牙周组织的损害。

不锈钢支架熔模铸造工艺优化

通过ProCAST软件对除草机不锈钢支架进行熔模铸造的数值模拟,预测铸件缩孔缺陷分布情况,并对其浇注系统进行改善。利用正交试验对铸件的工艺参数进行研究,通过分析获得工艺参数的最佳方案。对该结果进行数值仿真以及实际铸造,发现铸件缺陷明显减少,这为不锈钢支架的生产提供了参考。