Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies i...Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.展开更多
The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on sin...The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.展开更多
The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guarante...The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guaranteed the frame body and structure security by the frame body calculating, on-site test and reasonable construction order.展开更多
The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations.The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place(CIP)pile foundations affect the therm...The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations.The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place(CIP)pile foundations affect the thermal stability of permafrost.In this paper,temperature data from inside multiple CIP piles,borehole observations of ground thermal status adjacent to the foundations and local weather stations were monitored in warm permafrost regions to study the thermal influence process of CIP pile foundations.The following conclusions are drawn from the field observation data.(1)The early temperature change process of different CIP piles is different,and the differences gradually diminish over time.(2)The initial concrete temperature is linearly related with the air temperature,net radiation and wind speed within 1 h before the completion of concrete pouring;the contributions of the air temperature,net radiation,and wind speed to the initial concrete temperature are 51.9%,20.3%and 27.9%,respectively.(3)The outer boundary of the thermal disturbance annulus is approximately 2 m away from the pile center.It took more than 224 days for the soil around the CIP piles to return to the natural permafrost temperature at the study site.展开更多
A series of small-scale 1g X-section cast-in-place concrete(XCC)pile-penetration model tests were conducted to study the effects of soil density and pile geometry on the lateral responses of an existing pile and the v...A series of small-scale 1g X-section cast-in-place concrete(XCC)pile-penetration model tests were conducted to study the effects of soil density and pile geometry on the lateral responses of an existing pile and the variations in surrounding soil stress.The results showed that the bending patterns of existing XCC piles varied with penetration depth.The lateral response of the existing pile was sensitive to the change in relative density and pile geometry.For example,the bending moment of the existing pile increased along with these parameters.The development of the radial stressσ′r/σ′v0 of the soil around an existing pile showed different trends at various depths during the penetration of the adjacent pile.Moreover,the change in radial stress during the penetration of the XCC pile did not exhibit the“h/R effect”that was observed in the free-field soil,due to the shielding effect of the existing piles.The peak value of radial stressσ′r_max/σ′v0 decreased exponentially as the radial distance r/R increased.The attenuation ofσ′r_max/σ′v0 with r/R in the loose sand was faster than in the medium-dense or dense sands.Theσ′r_max/σ′v0 at the same soil location increased with the cross-section geometry parameter.展开更多
Two 90-day experiments were conducted in the same period in tanks and in earthen ponds to study the effects of culture systems on growth and fatty acid (FA) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings (mean...Two 90-day experiments were conducted in the same period in tanks and in earthen ponds to study the effects of culture systems on growth and fatty acid (FA) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings (mean weight: 16.3 g) fed Azolla, as partial replacement for fish meal (FM). Diets were isonitrogenous (29.2% CP) and isoenergetic (16.9 kJ·g-1) containing 0% (A0), 10% (A10), 20% (A20), 30% (A30), 40% (A40) and 50% (A50) of Azolla meal (AM) respectively. Diet A0, without AM, acted as a control. In both experiments, fish growth decreased as AM level increased in diets (P P 30-A50). Interestingly, those fish were rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Consequently, the n-3/n-6 values decreased in tanks, whereas an increasing trend was found in ponds, and values were significantly higher in ponds than in tanks (0.35 - 0.53 vs. 0.08 - 0.17). The results suggest raising Nile tilapia with Azolladiets in ponds to improve growth and produce fish with a better FA composition, for the wellbeing of consumers.展开更多
文摘Similar to free-standing pile groups, piled raft foundations are conventionally designed in which the piles carry the total load of structure and the raft bearing capacity is not taken into account. Numerous studies indicated that this method is too conservative. Only when the pile cap is elevated from the ground level,the raft bearing contribution can be neglected. In a piled raft foundation, pileesoileraft interaction is complicated. Although several numerical studies have been carried out to analyze the behaviors of piled raft foundations, very few experimental studies are reported in the literature. The available laboratory studies mainly focused on steel piles. The present study aims to compare the behaviors of piled raft foundations with free-standing pile groups in sand, using laboratory physical models. Cast-in-place concrete piles and concrete raft are used for the tests. The tests are conducted on single pile, single pile in pile group, unpiled raft, free-standing pile group and piled raft foundation. We examine the effects of the number of piles, the pile installation method and the interaction between different components of foundation. The results indicate that the ultimate bearing capacity of the piled raft foundation is considerably higher than that of the free-standing pile group with the same number of piles. With installation of the single pile in the group, the pile bearing capacity and stiffness increase. Installation of the piles beneath the raft decreases the bearing capacity of the raft. When the raft bearing capacity is not included in the design process, the allowable bearing capacity of the piled raft is underestimated by more than 200%. This deviation intensifies with increasing spacing of the piles.
基金Project (2007H03) supported by Communications Department of Zhejiang Province
文摘The compositions, technical principles and construction equipments of a new piling method used for ground improvement plastic tube cast-in-place concrete pile were introduced. The results from static load tests on single piles with different forms of pile shoes and on their composite foundations were analyzed. The distribution patterns of axial force, shaft friction and toe resistance were studied based on the measurements taken from buried strain gauges. From the point of engineering application, the pile has merits in convenient quality control, high bearing capacity and reliable quality, showing higher reasonability, advancement and suitability than other ground improvement methods. The pile can be adopted properly to take place of ordinary ground improvement method, achieving greater economical and social benefits.
文摘The high and large span cast-in-place reinforced concrete cantilever structure of the office building of some court, which is located I-steel at the cantilever and used steel pipe scaffold as the support, has guaranteed the frame body and structure security by the frame body calculating, on-site test and reasonable construction order.
基金supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants No.41101065)the State Key Laboratory of Frozen Soil Engineering Funds (SKLFSE-ZT-34,SKLFSE-ZQ-202103).
文摘The bearing capacity of pile foundations is affected by the temperature of the frozen soil around pile foundations.The construction process and the hydration heat of cast-in-place(CIP)pile foundations affect the thermal stability of permafrost.In this paper,temperature data from inside multiple CIP piles,borehole observations of ground thermal status adjacent to the foundations and local weather stations were monitored in warm permafrost regions to study the thermal influence process of CIP pile foundations.The following conclusions are drawn from the field observation data.(1)The early temperature change process of different CIP piles is different,and the differences gradually diminish over time.(2)The initial concrete temperature is linearly related with the air temperature,net radiation and wind speed within 1 h before the completion of concrete pouring;the contributions of the air temperature,net radiation,and wind speed to the initial concrete temperature are 51.9%,20.3%and 27.9%,respectively.(3)The outer boundary of the thermal disturbance annulus is approximately 2 m away from the pile center.It took more than 224 days for the soil around the CIP piles to return to the natural permafrost temperature at the study site.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.52308352,52238009,and 52108321)the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China(No.20232BAB214082)+1 种基金the Open Research Fund Program of Guangdong Key Laboratory of Earthquake Engineering and Application Technology(No.2020B1212060071)the Science&Technology Project of the Education Department of Jiangxi Province(No.GJJ2200681),China.
文摘A series of small-scale 1g X-section cast-in-place concrete(XCC)pile-penetration model tests were conducted to study the effects of soil density and pile geometry on the lateral responses of an existing pile and the variations in surrounding soil stress.The results showed that the bending patterns of existing XCC piles varied with penetration depth.The lateral response of the existing pile was sensitive to the change in relative density and pile geometry.For example,the bending moment of the existing pile increased along with these parameters.The development of the radial stressσ′r/σ′v0 of the soil around an existing pile showed different trends at various depths during the penetration of the adjacent pile.Moreover,the change in radial stress during the penetration of the XCC pile did not exhibit the“h/R effect”that was observed in the free-field soil,due to the shielding effect of the existing piles.The peak value of radial stressσ′r_max/σ′v0 decreased exponentially as the radial distance r/R increased.The attenuation ofσ′r_max/σ′v0 with r/R in the loose sand was faster than in the medium-dense or dense sands.Theσ′r_max/σ′v0 at the same soil location increased with the cross-section geometry parameter.
文摘Two 90-day experiments were conducted in the same period in tanks and in earthen ponds to study the effects of culture systems on growth and fatty acid (FA) of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus L.) fingerlings (mean weight: 16.3 g) fed Azolla, as partial replacement for fish meal (FM). Diets were isonitrogenous (29.2% CP) and isoenergetic (16.9 kJ·g-1) containing 0% (A0), 10% (A10), 20% (A20), 30% (A30), 40% (A40) and 50% (A50) of Azolla meal (AM) respectively. Diet A0, without AM, acted as a control. In both experiments, fish growth decreased as AM level increased in diets (P P 30-A50). Interestingly, those fish were rich in eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5n-3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6n-3). Consequently, the n-3/n-6 values decreased in tanks, whereas an increasing trend was found in ponds, and values were significantly higher in ponds than in tanks (0.35 - 0.53 vs. 0.08 - 0.17). The results suggest raising Nile tilapia with Azolladiets in ponds to improve growth and produce fish with a better FA composition, for the wellbeing of consumers.
