Experimental study and analysis on fatigue stiffness of RC beams strengthened with CFRP and steel plate

The objective of this work is to investigate the fatigue behavior of reinforced concrete(RC) beams strengthened with externally bonded carbon fiber reinforced polymer(CFRP) and steel plate. An experimental investigation and theoretical analysis were made on the law of deflection development and stiffness degradation, as well as the influence of fatigue load ranges. Test results indicate that the law of three-stage change under fatigue loading is followed by both midspan deflection and permanent deflection, which also have positive correlation with fatigue load amplitude. Fatigue stiffness of composite strengthened beams degrades gradually with the increasing of number of cycles. Based on the experimental results, a theoretical model by effective moment of inertia method is developed for calculating the sectional stiffness of such composite strengthened beams under fatigue loading, and the calculated results are in good agreement with the experimental results.

APPLICATIONS OF WAVELET GALERKIN FEM TO BENDING OF BEAM AND PLATE STRUCTURES

In this paper, an approach is proposed for taking calculations of high order differentials of scaling functions in wavelet theory in order to apply the wavelet Galerkin FEM to numerical analysis of those boundary-value problems with order higher than 2. After that, it is realized that the wavelet Galerkin FEM is used to solve mechanical problems such as bending of beams and plates. The numerical results show that this method has good precision.

Nanofabrication of 50 nm zone plates through e-beam lithography with local proximity effect correction for x-ray imaging

High resolution Fresnel zone plates for nanoscale three-dimensional imaging of materials by both soft and hard x-rays are increasingly needed by the broad applications in nanoscience and nanotechnology.When the outmost zone-width is shrinking down to 50 nm or even below,patterning the zone plates with high aspect ratio by electron beam lithography still remains a challenge because of the proximity effect.The uneven charge distribution in the exposed resist is still frequently observed even after standard proximity effect correction(PEC),because of the large variety in the line width.This work develops a new strategy,nicknamed as local proximity effect correction(LPEC),efficiently modifying the deposited energy over the whole zone plate on the top of proximity effect correction.By this way,50 nm zone plates with the aspect ratio from 4:1 up to 15:1 and the duty cycle close to 0.5 have been fabricated.Their imaging capability in soft(1.3 keV)and hard(9 keV)x-ray,respectively,has been demonstrated in Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)with the resolution of 50 nm.The local proximity effect correction developed in this work should also be generally significant for the generation of zone plates with high resolutions beyond 50 nm.

Research on Vibration Suppression of the Finite Plate with Square Steel Beams Using Traveling Wave Method

The vibration suppression of the finite plate with square steel beams is studied using traveling wave method. The finite plate with square beams is modeled as the coupling systems between the plate flexural motion and the flexural and torsional motions for the square beams. The vibration response at any position of the coupling structure can be obtained by wave method. Numerical results show that comparing to finite element method (FEM), not only the low frequency but also the medium-high frequency vibration response of the finite plate with square beam can be effectively calculated by wave method. The suppression effect can be increased as the square beam is located at one-third of the length of plate or increasing the height of the beam. The study provides reference for arranged square beams applying to vibration suppression of ship and train structures.

Analysis and seismic tests of composite shear walls with CFST columns and steel plate deep beams

A composite shear wall concept based on concrete filled steel tube （CFST） columns and steel plate （SP） deep beams is proposed and examined in this study. The new wall is composed of three different energy dissipation elements： CFST columns; SP deep beams; and reinforced concrete （RC） strips. The RC strips are intended to allow the core structural elements - the CFST columns and SP deep beams - to work as a single structure to consume energy. Six specimens of different configurations were tested under cyclic loading. The resulting data are analyzed herein. In addition, numerical simulations of the stress and damage processes for each specimen were carried out, and simulations were completed for a range of location and span-height ratio variations for the SP beams. The simulations show good agreement with the test results. The core structure exhibits a ductile yielding mechanism characteristic of strong column-weak beam structures, hysteretic curves are plump and the composite shear wall exhibits several seismic defense lines. The deformation of the shear wall specimens with encased CFST column and SP deep beam design appears to be closer to that of entire shear walls. Establishing optimal design parameters for the configuration of SP deep beams is pivotal to the best seismic behavior of the wall. The new composite shear wall is therefore suitable for use in the seismic design of building structures.

Zone plate design for generating annular-focused beams

Annular-focused beams have attracted attention because of their novel properties and applications in optical trapping, high resolution microscopy, and laser-induced periodic surface structuring. Generation of this beam is very important and necessary. In this article, a novel design of zone plate for forming the annular-focused beams is proposed. The design principle is introduced, and the characteristics of zone plate are analyzed by numerical simulation. The result shows that the zone plate can form a monochromatic ring-shaped intensity distribution in the focal plane. And the design method is also generally suitable for designing the other optical elements to generate the annular-focused beams.

PERTURBATION ANALYSIS FOR MAGNETO-PLASTIC INSTABILITY OF FERROMAGNETIC BEAM-PLATES WITH GEOMETRIC IMPERFECTION

The magneto-plastic instability of a ferromagnetic beam-type plate with simple supports and small initial imperfection is analytically investigated in this paper for that the plastic deformation of the plate with a linear-strain hardening relation is considered when the plate is located in a strong uniformly distributed magnetic ?eld. After the distribution of magnetic ?elds related to the de?ected con?guration of plate is imaginably divided into two parts, i.e., one is related to the ?at plate and the other dependent on the perturbation of magnetic ?elds for which the plate con?guration changes from the ?at into the deformed state, the perturbation technique is employed to analyze the distribution of the perturbation magnetic ?elds in and out-of the magnetic medium of the ferromagnetic structure in a transverse magnetic ?eld, which leads to some analytical formulae/solutions for the magnetic ?elds and the resulting magnetic force exerted on the plate. Based on them, the magneto-plastic buckling and snapping of the plate in a transverse magnetic ?eld is discussed, and the critical magnetic ?eld is analytically formulated in terms of the parameters of geometry and material of the plate employed by solving the governing equation of the magneto-plastic plate in the applied magnetic ?eld. Further, the sensitivity of the initial imperfection on the magneto-plastic instability, expressed by an ampli?cation function, is obtained by solving the dynamic equation of de?ection of the plate after the inertial force in the transverse direction is taken into account. The results obtained show that the critical magnetic ?eld is sensitive to the plastic characteristic, e.g., hardening coe?cient, and the instability mode and de?ection of the plate are dependent on the geometrical imperfection as well.

BENDING THEORIES FOR BEAMS AND PLATES WITH SINGLE GENERALIZED DISPLACEMENT

Classical bending theories for beams and plates can not be used for short, stubby beams and thick plates since transverse shearing effect is excluded, and ordinary theories with multiple generalized displacements can not be used for long, slender beams and thin plates since the innate relation between rotation angle and deflection is ignored. These two types of theories are not consistent due to the contradiction of dependence and independence of the rotation angle. Based on several basic assumptions, a new type of theories which not only include the transverse shearing effect is presented, but also the relation between potation angle and deflection is obtained. Analytical solutions of several simple beams are given. It has been testified by numerical examples that the new theories can be used for either long, slender beams and thin plates or short, stubby beams and thick plates.

Design of phase plates for shaping partially coherent beams by simulated annealing

Taking the Gaussian Schell-model beam as a typical example of partially coherent beams, this paper applies the simulated annealing （SA） algorithm to the design of phase plates for shaping partially coherent beams. A flow diagram is presented to illustrate the procedure of phase optimization by the SA algorithm. Numerical examples demonstrate the advantages of the SA algorithm in shaping partially coherent beams. An uniform flat-topped beam profile with maximum reconstruction error RE 〈 1.74% is achieved. A further extension of the approach is discussed.

STOCHASTIC BOUNDARY ELEMENT METHOD FOR RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF PLATE AND BEAMS COMPOSITE STRUCTURES

In this paper, the reliability of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures, which is under the actions of the stochastic loading and stochastic boundary conditions, have been analyzed by stochastic boundary element method. First, the boundary integral equation of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures is given in this paper, and then based on the stochastic boundary element method, the method for reliability analysis of stochastic structures is establishes and formulas for computation of reliability index of orthotropic plate and beams composite structures are obtained. The computed examples show the efficient of the method used in this paper.

Effect of details of vertical stiffener on fatigue behavior of welding plate beams

The design of the vertical stiffener details is important in the anti-fa- tigue design of the welded steel plate beams.There still exist different opinions on the selection of the design parameters and the effect of the shear stress.In the present study,the effects of the welding process(semi-automatic welding, manual welding)and the connecting location of vertical stiffener(welded to the web or to the flange)on the fatigue behaviour in the regions subjected to the pure bending and subjected to the bending and shearing are investigated by test- ing the simulation beams of large scale.The analysis of the fatigue test results shows that the normal bending stress is the governing factor to the fatigue strength.

Vacuum electron beam brazing technology and finite element analysis on temperature field of capillary to plate joint

Some parts with capillary to plate joint have important application in aerocrafi. Vacuum electron beam brazing （VEBB） technology is used to realize this jointing with capillaries. Firstly 3D finite element analysis model is built in this paper according to this special structure. And then ANSYS finite element analysis software is used to analyze brazing temperature field at different brazing parameters. The calculation results show that the temperature field of simulation has good agreement with that measured by experiment, which proves dependence of the model built in this paper. And also reference parameters could be provided for real brazing process through calculation in this model. Brazed joint of capiUary to plate with good performance is achieved using VEBB technology. The achievement of the study will be applied in aerocrafi in the future.

MECHANICAL VIBRATIONAL POWER FLOW IN BEAM-PLATE ASSEMBLIES

The vibrational power flow in the beam-plate assemblies and then with the isolators is investigated using analytical ' power flow' approach based on the some concepts of mechanical mo- bility and structural dynamics. Theoretical expressions of the power flow in the structures are given and examined. The numerical results of the expressions are good agreements with the measuring re- sults obtained by the technique of vibration intensity. On the basis of these results, possible ways of reducing the vibrational power flow in the structures are suggested .

NONLINEAR VIBRATION OF BEAMPLATES WITH A DELAMINATION

The problem of beam-plates with a delamination located at anarbitrary site undergoing non- linear free vibration without damp isinvestigated. For this problem, nonlinear governing equations as wellas the continuity, equilibrium and compatibility conditions areestablished. The Galerkin method and harmonic balance method areemployed to find solutions. Finally, in some examples,amplitude-frequency curves of the delaminated structure are presentedin order to reveal some special dynamic features.

Application of Mobile Formwork Cast-In-Situ Beam Technology in Bridge Construction

The application of mobile formwork cast-in-situ beam technology is conducive to providing quality assurance for bridge constructions.At the same time,it can improve the overall mechanization level of the construction process and further accelerate the construction progress,so as to shorten the construction period and improve the economic benefits of enterprises.In fact,this construction method has been widely applied.In order to assure a positive outcome from the use of this technology,this paper analyzes the application of mobile formwork cast-in-situ beam technology in bridge construction to provide reference.

Finite element analysis on temperature field and residual stress of welding assembly for I-beam and end-plate

Based on full scale model of 1-beam and end-plate welding assembly with medium plate, welding temperature field and residual stress were simulated, infrared thermometers were employed to measure the real-time temperature Jbr verification purposes. Results show that the measured thermal cycle curves match well with the simulation result. Simulation results of welding residual stress indicate that the values of longitudinal and transverse stress on the upper surface of the plate are higher than the normal stress; higher tensile stresses exist at the end of the web weld toes and in the central area of the flange weld toes. The dangerous zones are located at the central areas of weld toes of the flange welds and near weld toes of the web welds.

“贝壳板”加固直角突变式钢吊车梁疲劳性能研究

针对既有直角突变式钢吊车梁,提出一种“贝壳板”加固方法,即在吊车梁变截面处腹板两侧,焊接带圆弧的“类贝壳式”钢板对吊车梁进行疲劳加固的方法.该加固方法是通过增加变截面区域腹板的刚度来降低疲劳细节的应力水平,从而提高其疲劳强度.通过缩尺疲劳试验对使用“贝壳板”加固后的直角突变式钢吊车梁疲劳性能进行了研究,分析“贝壳板”加固后吊车梁的疲劳破坏规律,评估加固后吊车梁的疲劳性能.以加固后吊车梁最危险疲劳细节的主应力为基本参量,给出了加固后吊车梁的设计S_(r,p)-N疲劳曲线.并通过试验结果验证了加固后吊车梁裂纹扩展模拟和寿命计算的正确性,进一步分析“贝壳板”加固后吊车梁破坏细节的疲劳裂纹扩展特性,研究“贝壳板”高度和厚度变化对加固效果的影响,可为吊车梁的加固设计提供参考依据.

软岩地基中新型倒肋式风机基础力学性能有限元分析

目的 提出一种新型倒肋式风机基础,解决软岩地基中采用梁板式风机基础带来的挖方量大、模板支设繁琐、施工成本高、周期长等问题。方法 以2.5 MW风机为例,采用ABAQUS有限元分析软件,建立相同尺寸的倒肋式与梁板式风机基础模型,对比两种基础在极端工况下的倾斜率、水平位移、破坏特征等,并结合挖方量、模板工程量对两者的经济性进行分析。结果 倒肋式基础的水平位移为0.444 mm、倾斜率为0.012 1%,均满足规范要求;倒肋式基础的肋梁受力特征与悬臂梁相似,在基底反力作用下肋梁与墩台连接处承受的剪力及弯矩较大,容易开裂破坏,可通过增加肋梁截面高度改善;倒肋式基础相较于梁板式基础土方挖量可节省54%、模板工程量可节省48%。结论 倒肋式基础充分发挥出了倒置肋梁与软岩地基之间齿槽嵌固的优势,相较于梁板式基础不仅具有更优的抗滑移稳定性和受力性能,而且减少了挖方和模板工程量,经济效益显著。

CFRP-OFBG板加固损伤钢梁抗弯疲劳试验及其寿命预测研究

为研究采用碳纤维增强复合材料(CFRP)加固后钢梁的疲劳性能,采用自主研发的具有自监测性能的智能碳纤维-光纤光栅板(CFRP-OFBG板)加固受损钢梁,在完成常幅荷载四点弯曲疲劳试验的基础上,研究不同应力幅作用下CFRP-OFBG板加固钢梁的疲劳性能。借助有限元方法,建立“三维实体”有限元模型,结合J积分计算方法求解得到加固钢梁裂纹尖端的应力强度因子,基于线弹性断裂力学理论建立疲劳裂纹扩展模型,对CFRP-OFBG板加固钢梁的疲劳裂纹扩展寿命进行预测。研究表明:CFRP-OFBG板的加固作用可有效提高受损钢梁的疲劳寿命,延缓裂纹扩展速率,改善裂纹尖端的受力状态,降低裂纹尖端的应力强度因子;在循环荷载作用下,CFRP-OFBG板加固试件的疲劳寿命均随着应力幅的增大呈现递减趋势。将试验结果与预测结果相比较,发现加固试件疲劳寿命预测值比试验值略高,分析认为,这主要是因为在有限元模拟时没有考虑到试验中CFRP-OFBG板的局部剥离。

蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点抗震性能研究

目的 提出一种蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点,探究节点抗震性能及不同因素对其影响规律,为相关设计提供借鉴。方法 理论分析蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点传力机制,建立并验证蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点ABAQUS模型,研究端板厚度、开孔率对节点初始转动刚度、承载能力、耗能能力、延性、刚度退化及破坏形式影响规律。结果 蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点弯矩最终由柱腹板与正向端板抗弯、柱翼缘与侧向端板抗剪承担;剪力最终由高强摩擦型螺栓连接面间摩擦力承担;端板厚度及开孔率越大,节点耗能进入蜂窝梁耗能阶段越早,连接刚度足够时节点抗震性能主要取决于蜂窝梁。结论 提出了蜂窝梁H型柱绕弱轴向端板连接节点弯矩路径传递分配系数计算方法,建议节点端板厚度应大于1倍柱翼缘厚度,开孔率取值为60%~65%。