Automatic Extraction Method of 3D Feature Guidelines for Complex Cultural Relic Surfaces Based on Point Cloud

Cultural relics line graphic serves as a crucial form of traditional artifact information documentation,which is a simple and intuitive product with low cost of displaying compared with 3D models.Dimensionality reduction is undoubtedly necessary for line drawings.However,most existing methods for artifact drawing rely on the principles of orthographic projection that always cannot avoid angle occlusion and data overlapping while the surface of cultural relics is complex.Therefore,conformal mapping was introduced as a dimensionality reduction way to compensate for the limitation of orthographic projection.Based on the given criteria for assessing surface complexity,this paper proposed a three-dimensional feature guideline extraction method for complex cultural relic surfaces.A 2D and 3D combined factor that measured the importance of points on describing surface features,vertex weight,was designed.Then the selection threshold for feature guideline extraction was determined based on the differences between vertex weight and shape index distributions.The feasibility and stability were verified through experiments conducted on real cultural relic surface data.Results demonstrated the ability of the method to address the challenges associated with the automatic generation of line drawings for complex surfaces.The extraction method and the obtained results will be useful for line graphic drawing,displaying and propaganda of cultural relics.

Natural Disaster Risk Monitoring for Immovable Cultural Relics Based on Digital Twin

Natural disaster risk monitoring is an important task for disaster prevention and reduction.In the case of immovable cultural relics,however,the feedback mechanism,risk factors,monitoring logic,and monitoring indicators of natural disaster risk monitoring are complex.How to achieve intelligent perception and monitoring of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics has always been a focus and a challenge for researchers.Based on the analysis of the concepts and issues related to the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics,this paper proposes a framework for natural disaster risk monitoring for immovable cultural relics based on the digital twin.This framework focuses on risk monitoring,including the physical entities of natural disaster risk for immovable cultural relics,monitoring indicators,and virtual entity construction.A platform for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics is proposed.Using the Puzhou Ancient City Site as a test bed,the proposed concept can be used for monitoring the natural disaster risk of immovable cultural relics at different scales.

Analysis on the Development Model of Relic and Museum Tourism Products Based on ERP Analysis:A Case Study on Shandong Province

In recent years, the trend of people choosing relic and museum tourism during their vacationand leisure time is growing day by day, mainly because it touches people's feelings about historical relicsand cultural heritage. The development of relic and museum tourism products is not only the inheritanceof culture and the protection of cultural relics, but also the promotion of tourism consumption under thebackground of cultural tourism integration, which has promoted the development of regional economy.With the relic and museum tourism resources in Shandong Province as the research object, through theanalysis of its resources, market and products, this paper put forward three applicable modes of relic andmuseum tourism product development, including independent development, joint development, and artauthorization, and proposed specific suggestions around the three modes.

Sanxingdui Cultural Relics Recognition Algorithm Based on Hyperspectral Multi-Network Fusion

Sanxingdui cultural relics are the precious cultural heritage of humanity with high values of history,science,culture,art and research.However,mainstream analytical methods are contacting and detrimental,which is unfavorable to the protection of cultural relics.This paper improves the accuracy of the extraction,location,and analysis of artifacts using hyperspectral methods.To improve the accuracy of cultural relic mining,positioning,and analysis,the segmentation algorithm of Sanxingdui cultural relics based on the spatial spectrum integrated network is proposed with the support of hyperspectral techniques.Firstly,region stitching algorithm based on the relative position of hyper spectrally collected data is proposed to improve stitching efficiency.Secondly,given the prominence of traditional HRNet(High-Resolution Net)models in high-resolution data processing,the spatial attention mechanism is put forward to obtain spatial dimension information.Thirdly,in view of the prominence of 3D networks in spectral information acquisition,the pyramid 3D residual network model is proposed to obtain internal spectral dimensional information.Fourthly,four kinds of fusion methods at the level of data and decision are presented to achieve cultural relic labeling.As shown by the experiment results,the proposed network adopts an integrated method of data-level and decision-level,which achieves the optimal average accuracy of identification 0.84,realizes shallow coverage of cultural relics labeling,and effectively supports the mining and protection of cultural relics.

Prediction of Chemical Composition of Ancient Glass Relics before Weathering

Ancient glass relics are easily weathered by the influence of buried environment, and the internal elements exchange with the environmental elements in large quantities, resulting in changes in their composition ratio. Archaeological research can often detect the component content of glass relics after weathering, but it is difficult to obtain the corresponding component content before weathering. It is necessary to predict the chemical composition of glass relics before weathering in order to accurately identify the type of glass relics and repair them. To solve this problem, this paper proposes a distributed matching strategy, and studies the influence of weathering on the composition content of glass through compositional correlation analysis and linear regression statistical methods, so as to build a prediction model of the composition content of glass relics before weathering. The results show that the composition prediction model of glass cultural relics constructed by the distribution matching strategy has a good prediction ability, which is consistent with the change trend of the composition ratio of linear regression analysis. Moreover, the model is simple and easy to operate, which is convenient for popularization and application, and provides theoretical basis and reference value for further research on the composition and accurate classification of glass cultural relics.

Scientists Give Advice for China’s Fourth Survey of Cultural Relics

China has launched its fourth national survey of cultural relics,an effort to catalog and protect ancient sites,tombs,buildings,and artifacts of historical and artistic significance.The previous surveys in 1956,1981,and 2007 focused on documenting the condition and ownership of relics.To better protect cultural relics,develop their cultural value.

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆大型螺旋坡道结构设计与分析

三星堆古蜀文化遗址博物馆中庭的螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构体系,最大半径28.7m,水平投影长度118.5m。介绍了大型螺旋坡道结构体系选型和边界条件的对比过程,采用通用计算软件MIDAS Gen建立多尺度整体模型考虑螺旋坡道和主体结构的相互作用,通过静力分析和反应谱分析考察螺旋坡道在不同荷载作用下的承载能力和变形,并采用有限元软件ANSYS建立分析模型进行连续倒塌分析。结果表明,螺旋坡道采用钢箱梁结构具有较好的整体刚度,静力荷载和地震作用下坡道的应力和变形均满足规范要求,并具有较好的抗连续倒塌能力。

中国史前“龙”形遗迹时空分异研究:以南京薛城遗址为例

以中华民族最重要的图腾“龙”为研究对象,通过南京薛城遗址2021年出土的“龙”形遗迹,论述基于多源空间数据进行“龙”形遗迹三维修复和建模的过程,为考古遗迹数字化保护提供一种定量方法。此外,对比分析中国四处典型“龙”形考古遗迹的材质、形态以及所在的地理环境等,探讨史前“龙”形遗迹面貌与地理环境的关系及演变规律,认为:辽宁阜新“龙”与早期农业阶段先民选择猪作为财富的象征有关;中原地区全新世适宜期的暖湿气候条件致使河南濮阳西水坡遗址和江苏南京薛城遗址的“龙”形象与鳄类似,材质均来自淡水资源;伴随着中原地区夏王朝影响规模的扩大,河南二里头遗址的“龙”形遗迹取材于陕西地区的绿松石,已经脱离了地理环境的束缚。

聚合物胶黏剂在陶质文物修复中的应用

陶质文物粘接修复是既古老又不断更新的课题。选择陶质文物胶黏剂需兼顾陶器与胶黏剂性能。陶器个体的差异存在于制作的各个阶段,包括陶坯黏土与非黏土组成差异,黏土中硅酸铝含量差异,以及烧成温度与烧成气氛差异等。中国古代陶器发展围绕陶坯组分和烧制温度的变化而种类繁多,粘接历史悠久。近30年陶器粘接更注重粘接性能检测和研究,汇总其间常用胶黏剂使用频次和基本性能具有指导意义,涉及聚合物胶黏剂的热塑性和热固性树脂胶黏剂,其线型结构和三维网络结构差异致使胶黏剂主要性能不同:热塑性胶黏剂抗拉强度较小,粘接后可逆;热固性胶黏剂反之。胶黏剂良好的粘接力学性能、耐久性和可逆性是选择合适陶质文物胶黏剂的必要条件;胶黏剂的固化时间、温度条件、收缩率等是影响粘接工艺的直接因素。需要兼顾多种因素,结合胶黏剂使用性能汇总,选择适合胶黏剂的同时做好粘接信息采集、阶段性粘接效果检测、坚持多学科合作等,才能促进胶黏剂应用研究的深入和进步。

笔谈:数字化为文明赋彩——文物和文化遗产数字技术应用现状与实践路径

数字技术在文化遗产领域的应用已从最初的信息储存和传输,发展到数据处理分析,进而进化到今天的自动化和智能化处理与展示,在文化遗产研究、记录、保护、利用等方面起到了至关重要的作用。当前,我国基本形成覆盖文物保护工作全链条的数字化解决方案,并不断创新核心技术与设备,形成通用技术与国际并驾齐驱、特色技术引领国际潮流的发展趋势。数字技术在考古遗址三维空间信息的获取、分析、模拟、研究和展示等全过程中发挥着重要作用,为古代遗址与自然环境之间的人地关系等研究开辟了新的途径。新一代测绘技术,可实现对建成遗产三维数字形式的记录与保存,在精度、纹理、展示分析、交互以及文物古建的数字修复等方面具有不可替代的价值。通过“空间历史大数据”途径,可以打破过往人文学科与空间操作之间的知识鸿沟与技术壁垒,促进文化遗产以体系化技术操作实现“公众化”,通过文化空间实践达成未来城乡高质量发展和历史人文知识存续之间的良性互动。数字化实践在非物质文化遗产保护中的应用范围在不断扩大,已然从保存、宣传扩展到传承、振兴的层面。从全球视野审视数字化这一新兴领域的发展历程和前沿动态,文化遗产数字化面临着建立更完善的数据资源等挑战。

关联性理论视角下文物主题游径研究

文物主题游径是通过一定的内在关联线索将各类文物资源与非文物资源整合串联起来的文化遗产旅游线路,强调游径系统中各构成要素间的整合。本文为深入挖掘影响文物主题游径生成的内在关联逻辑,引入城市设计中研究有机组织与整合城市内部各要素构成的关联性理论,分析文物主题游径构成要素在环境、历史、空间和功能层面存在的紧密关系,并基于这些关系及其作用与影响,提出文物主题游径在建设过程中梳理历史文化脉络、凝练特色主题文化、明晰线路连接要素和盘活利用资源要素的具体路径。

砂岩质文物内部毛细水运移过程微电极响应特征

盐结晶病害是砂岩质文物中最为常见的病害之一,可溶盐溶液在砂岩内部的毛细运移直接影响着文物保存的完整性。为了进一步了解不同因素影响下砂岩质文物内部中毛细水运移特征,以大足石刻砂岩材料为研究对象,自主设计了毛细吸水试验及微电极电阻率测试装置,定量分析孔隙结构、孔隙溶液、干湿循环及相对湿度对毛细运移和电阻率分布特征的影响。结果表明,松散的孔隙结构及较低的相对湿度对毛细运移有促进作用。毛细运移受可溶盐溶液表面张力影响明显,吸水量和运移速率随表面张力增加呈递增趋势。干湿循环作用导致内部孔隙扩张使毛细迁移速率加快,同时呈现出试样饱和度和砂岩电阻率的负相关性。可溶盐的存在极大降低了砂岩的电阻率,通过电阻率的时空分布特征,识别湿润锋的视电阻率范围与试样表层盐结晶劣化区域大致重合,整体趋势沿深度方向呈凹曲面变化。研究结果揭示了砂岩质文物内部毛细水运移规律,可为合理追踪盐害范围提供理论支撑。

基于融合发展的延安革命文物保护利用研究

融合发展是新时代革命文物保护利用的创新举措。革命文物由于数量多、分布广,存在保护不平衡、展陈同质化、辐射带动效果不佳等普遍性问题。本文以延安革命文物为例,构建以革命文物为核心价值的要素体系,从全域资源视角出发,运用GIS空间分析方法,综合分析革命文物空间集聚性、城市关联性、道路通达性、资源组合性等空间特性,提出“分类保护、轴线带动、组团开发”的保护利用空间策略,探索革命文物整体保护和融合发展的路径,切实推进革命文物内涵价值和空间特质融入现代生活,改善民生福祉,赋能老区发展,促进延安精神传承弘扬。

可持续性纸质文物保存环境温湿度调控策略研究

本研究分析了华北平原12间恒温恒湿库房和45间温湿度轻控制库房的历史温湿度,并计算了纸质文物在上述历史温湿度下保存的预期寿命和机械损伤风险。结果表明,恒温恒湿控制时,允许保存温度在推荐范围内随外界气候变化存在一定的季节波动,能够在不影响纸质文物安全的情况下,提高温湿度控制的能源经济性和保存环境的温湿度稳定性。在华北平原,大部分时段轻控制温湿度能保证纸质文物安全。凉爽/干燥季节低温保存,当大气湿度升高致保存湿度接近允许上限时,提高温度设定值,当保存温度达到允许上限后再同时控制温湿度,是全年或季节性凉爽/干燥地区的一种可持续性纸质文物保存温湿度调控策略。

达州红军石刻遗存现状与保护利用研究

达州境内红军石刻正以惊人的速度受到人为和自然损毁,现存石刻已不足“三普”时期的三分之一.红军石刻以红军部队、党的机关和苏维埃政权镌刻为主,内容丰富,善用精炼短句,巧用俚语,情感分明,贴近群众,直抵人心.红军石刻作为革命文物,具有重要的史料价值和文化研究、宣教教育和开发利用价值.须树立科学保护理念,实施专业保护,融入生态文明建设,走综合保护、融合发展之路.

点石成色:敦煌壁画的彩色世界

敦煌壁画,作为中国古代艺术的瑰宝,是一个丰富的历史、文化、艺术和宗教文化遗产宝库,其价值不可估量。这些壁画所用的颜料,皆为天然矿物精心挑选而成,它们为敦煌壁画带来了独一无二的色彩与质感。深入理解这些颜料的特性,有助于我们更好地欣赏艺术、文化和历史的深厚底蕴,也是壁画保护与修复的基础。本文采用生动拟人化的叙述方式,通俗易懂地描绘了莫高窟壁画的色彩来源,重点阐述了常用典型的矿物颜料及其来源,旨在促进壁画的保护工作,以及文化遗产的普及、宣传和传承。

樟木挥发性有机物成分分析及对中国纸质文物材料颜色的影响研究

樟木是中国传统纸质文物在包装和展陈方面的常用材料,其挥发性有机物成分是影响文物保存环境因素之一。本文通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术对4种树龄樟木挥发性有机物进行了分析,并通过环境模拟实验舱法探讨两种不同树龄樟木对纸张载体和颜料颜色的影响。结果表明:樟木挥发性有机物成分非常复杂,不同树龄樟木成分含量存在一定的差异;随着在樟木环境中放置时间延长,颜料颜色变化有增大的趋势,特别是提高环境温度后,在樟木挥发性有机物和高温协同作用下颜料的变色被加剧。鉴于此,樟木类材料不适用于纸质文物的长期保存。

温度和湿度对乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木文物性能和微观结构的影响

乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木文物在自然环境或者博物馆存放时,受环境因素如温度和湿度的影响会导致文物发生劣化。本研究采用傅里叶红外光谱(FTIR)、扫描电镜(SEM)等方法研究了乙二醛聚合物脱水加固饱水梓木试样在不同温度和湿度环境中性能与微观结构变化。结果显示,饱水梓木文物材料经乙二醛聚合物脱水加固后,乙二醛聚合物与梓木细胞壁结合紧密,部分填充于梓木细胞内加固梓木细胞壁。试样在25℃和50%RH环境中试验30 d其结构和性能无明显变化。在60℃和50%RH环境中试验30 d,试样内部的乙二醛聚合物逐渐均匀附着于细胞壁且表面平滑,试样横截面断口平整;但试样表面的乙二醛聚合物逐渐消失,暴露出木材本体。在25℃和95%RH环境中乙二醛聚合物吸湿性明显增强,其与水的结合能力高于梓木细胞壁,乙二醛聚合物与细胞壁之间的结合被破坏,失去加固效果,但仍填充于细胞中。最后分析了温湿度对乙二醛聚合物加固饱水梓木性能与结构的影响机制,并提出了试样在吸湿和脱水过程中乙二醛聚合物与梓木细胞壁的结构变化模型。

支架固定馆藏人物俑文物振动台试验研究

为研究博物馆最常用的支架固定措施固定馆藏人物俑文物的抗震有效性,开展了两类典型体型易损、材质易损人物俑文物复制品‐支架固定措施抗震系统足尺振动台试验研究。获得了人物俑在不同工况下的地震响应及人物俑与支架间的相互作用,探讨人物俑关键体型参数、金属支架卡固位置、支架尺寸、固定措施与人物俑间安装缝隙对该类文物运动状态的影响,评估了支架固定措施的抗震有效性并提出了合理建议,为兼顾安全性及最小干预原则的支架固定人物俑文物的优化设计提供必要依据。研究结果表明:浮放人物俑均发生倾覆,具有极大震损风险;采用支架固定后可有效降低人物俑的摇摆响应,随着人物俑复制品的质心高度与底座宽度比值增加以及其质量增大,较小尺寸支架发生明显塑性变形甚至根部断裂,导致人物俑倾覆并损坏;随着支架尺寸的增加,其对文物固定效果的提高作用有限,基于文物保护最小干预原则,综合考虑文物的抗震安全及艺术展示效果,优化支架尺寸;支架固定人物俑肩部时,人物俑摇摆响应得到一定控制,但随着支架固定位置的提高,人物俑滑移响应愈加明显;当支架与人物俑相互作用时,人物俑表面出现明显损伤,在两者缝隙填充硅胶垫,人物俑的摇摆响应和滑移响应分别降低近40%和50%,支架根部应变下降近40%,人物俑与支架接触处应变下降近60%,有效提高了支架固定措施的抗震有效性。

基于数据驱动的文物环境风险状态评估方法研究

在博物馆文物保护中,对环境风险监测和风险变量的及时定位有重要意义。然而,由于各个文物展馆的差异性,很难将某一展馆的环境风险划分标准应用于其他展馆,甚至无法应用到同一展馆的不同类型文物。除此之外,当风险出现时,博物馆无法及时锁定影响因素,延长了风险排除所需的时间。因此,结合上海博物馆江南文化艺术临展的连续监测数据,提出了一种针对纸质文物的环境风险状态评估二级监测框架,并按需求划分为“优、良、中、差”四个等级进行风险监测。首先,使用“优”数据集建立主成分分析(principal component analysis,PCA)模型并构建控制限用以挑选“优”数据,“差”数据集通过已有的PCA模型得到判断“差”等级的控制限;然后,使用“非优非差”数据集建立ReliefF-PCA模型并得到“良”“中”等级划分的控制限;最后,对应PCA模型和ReliefF-PCA模型分别使用贡献图和基于ReliefF算法计算权值的加权贡献图,以此量化风险,初步定位对环境指标存在影响的风险变量。通过两个评价模型构建的监测框架,为文物保存环境质量的评估和后续馆藏环境调控提供了一种更为科学的方案,有助于提高整个文物保护系统的效率。