Effect of Dandelion(Taraxacum mongolicum Hand.-Mazz.)Intercropping with Different Plant Spacing on Blight and Growth of Pepper(Capsicum annuum L.)

Intercropping of crops that can secrete bacteriostatic active substances can not only inhibit the occurrence of disease but also have an important effect on plant growth.However,the effects of dandelion intercropping on pepper blight control and pepper growth remain unclear.In this study,the control effect of dandelion on pepper blight was studied by inoculating the pepper leaves with Phytophthora infestans,and it also discusses the correlation of the occurrence of pepper epidemic disease with the pepper canopy environment,soil environment,pepper photo-synthesis,and yield index.The results showed that best plant distance for dandelion intercropping was 20 cm(P20),and the control effect reached 43.31%.As compared to the CK,SOD enzyme,POD enzyme,and PAL enzyme were significantly up-regulated during the growth of pepper;chlorophyll content in pepper leaves was significantly increased;photosynthetic characteristics were significantly increased;stem diameter and yield of crop pepper were effectively improved;and the quality of the pepper product was better,but intercropping dandelion resulted in a significant decrease of nutrients in the soil environment of pepper,so a reasonable intercropping distance was needed.The correlation analysis shows that the incidence of pepper blight(A)was significantly positively correlated with soil temperature(Q),intercellular carbon dioxide(L),and canopy air temperature(O).The incidence of capsicum blight(A)was significantly negatively correlated with chlorophyll content(F),net photo-synthetic rate(K),stomatal conductance(M),ww rate(N),soil sucrase activity(W),vitamin C(AB),and leaf PAL enzyme(J).Finally,it was deduced that intercropping dandelion could effectively control the occurrence of pepper blight while also demonstrating a complex interaction with the pepper growing environment.

Enhanced Disease Identification Model for Tea Plant Using Deep Learning

Tea plant cultivation plays a significant role in the Indian economy.The Tea board of India supports tea farmers to increase tea production by preventing various diseases in Tea Plant.Various climatic factors and other parameters cause these diseases.In this paper,the image retrieval model is developed to identify whether the given input tea leaf image has a disease or is healthy.Automation in image retrieval is a hot topic in the industry as it doesn’t require any form of metadata related to the images for storing or retrieval.Deep Hashing with Integrated Autoencoders is our proposed method for image retrieval in Tea Leaf images.It is an efficient andflexible way of retrieving Tea Leaf images.It has an integrated autoencoder which makes it better than the state-of-the-art methods giving better results for the MAP(mean average precision)scores,which is used as a parameter to judge the efficiency of the model.The autoencoders used with skip connections increase the weightage of the prominent features present in the previous tensor.This constitutes a hybrid model for hashing and retrieving images from a tea leaf data set.The proposed model will examine the input tea leaf image and identify the type of tea leaf disease.The relevant image will be retrieved based on the resulting type of disease.This model is only trained on scarce data as a real-life scenario,making it practical for many applications.

Characterization and in Plant Detection of Bacteria That Cause Bacterial Panicle Blight of Rice

Burkholderia glumae presumably induces a grain rot symptom of rice that is threatening to rice production in most rice producing states of the USA. The present study was to identify the causal agent of bacteria panicle blight (BPB), virulence based on hypersensitive reactions and distribution of the pathogen within a plant. 178 rice panicles samples were analyzed with semi-selective media (CCNT), polymerase chain reaction (PCR) with bacterial DNA gyrase (gyrB) specific markers, and hypersensitive reactions on tobacco leaves. A total of 73 samples out of 178 produced a yellow bacterial colony with similar morphology on CCNT medium suggesting they were bacterial panicle diseases. However, with PCR reactions we only determined that 45 of 73 were due to B. glumae, and the causal agent for the remaining samples was undetermined. Within the 45 samples, 31 highly, 6 moderately, and 5 weakly virulent isolates were grouped based on lesion sizes of the hypersensitive reactions. Pathogenicity variability among the 45 B. glumae detected suggests that different degrees of pathogenicity exist. To determine the existence of bacteria in different plant tissues, naturally infected plant parts were examined with CCNT media and PCR analysis. B. glumae was again isolated from seeds followed by stems and sheaths from light yellow pigmented CCNT media. In contrast, roots and leaves show no visible yellow pigment on CCNT. Consistent PCR products were produced from the stem, sheath, and seed, but not from the root and leaves. These findings suggest that B. glumae is distributed in the stem, sheath, and seed, and not in the leaf and root. Together this study demonstrated the usefulness of artificial culture media, tobacco reactions, and DNA test with PCR for characterization of BPB, and distribution of bacteria in plants. These findings will help to understand the mechanism of bacteria translocation in plants.

ORYZA SATIVA SPOTTED-LEAF 41(OsSPL41) Negatively Regulates Plant Immunity in Rice

Identification of immunity-associated leucine-rich repeat receptor-like protein kinases(LRR-RLK) is critical to elucidate the LRR-RLK mediated mechanism of plant immunity.Here,we reported the map-based cloning of a novel rice SPOTTED-LEAF 41(Os SPL41) encoding a putative LRR-RLK protein(Os LRR-RLK41/Os SPL41) that regulated disease responses to the bacterial blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo).An 8-bp insertion at position 865 bp in a mutant spotted-leaf 41(spl41) allele led to the formation of purple-brown lesions on leaves.Functional complementation by the wild type allele(Os SPL41) can rescue the mutant phenotype,and the complementary lines showed similar performance to wild type in a number of agronomic,physiological and molecular indices.Os SPL41 was constitutively expressed in all tissues tested,and Os SPL41 contains a typical transmembrane domain critical for its localization to the cell membrane.The mutant exhibited an enhanced level of resistance to Xoo in companion of markedly up-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes such as Os PR10a,Os PAL1 and Os NPR1,while the level of salicylic acid was significantly increased in spl41.In contrast,the over-expression lines exhibited a reduced level of H_(2)O_(2) and were much susceptible to Xoo with down-regulated expression of pathogenesis-related genes.These results suggested that Os SPL41 might negatively regulate plant immunity through the salicylic acid signaling pathway in rice.

芸豆普通细菌性疫病绿色防控措施建立

为筛选出一种简便、成本低且环保的方法提高芸豆普通细菌性疫病防治效果,提高籽粒产量和品质,以芸豆品种垦芸15为试验材料,采取裂区试验设计,主因素为种植密度(M),副因素为防控次数(T),在芸豆花期喷施混合杀菌剂(丙环唑乳油20 g·L^(-1)+35%喹啉铜40 g·L^(-1)+四霉素悬浮剂40 g·L^(-1)+30%吡唑醚菌酯悬浮剂30 g·L^(-1)+30%苯甲20 g·L^(-1))处理,通过调查病情指数、防治效果、产量、株高等指标,明确不同种植密度下绿色防控措施对芸豆普通细菌性疫病的防治效果。结果表明,在不进行防控措施时,芸豆普通细菌性疫病的发病指数随种植密度的增加而升高。不同种植密度下,芸豆普通细菌性疫病的发病率随防控次数的增加而显著下降,各种植密度下均以T3处理下的防效最高,其中M1T3、M2T3和M3T3的防效分别达到75.05%、73.97%和84.11%。同时,各种植密度下,与不防控相比较,T3处理下芸豆产量的上升幅度分别达到11.52%、9.03%和8.68%。通过比较效益分析,建议在芸豆低种植密度时进行2次防控,而中、高种植密度时则需防控3次。

不同植物生长调节剂与叶面肥组合对冬小麦的影响研究

为筛选适用于冬小麦生产的植物生长调节剂和叶面肥,本研究通过对冬小麦喷施不同植物生长调节剂和叶面肥组合,分析其赤霉病防效、产量及经济效益等方面表现。结果表明,在冬小麦初花期施用不同植物生长调节剂与叶面肥,在小麦赤霉病发生较重年份可以实现赤霉病病指防效增加1.92%~31.74%,产量增加3.84%~16.97%,经济效益增加;不同生长调节剂与叶面肥组合的增产增效程度不同,其中0.25%的28-表芸薹素内酯·S-秀抗素与叶面肥磷酸二氢钾混配组合使用效果较佳,可作为提高小麦分蘖成穗率,提高小麦千粒重和产量的药剂组合,0.4%28-表芸·赤霉酸与叶面肥磷酸二氢钾混配效果次之,可作为轮换药剂使用。

Efficacy of Bacillus subtilis MBI 600 Against Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani and on Growth and Yield of Rice

Rice sheath blight disease （ShB）, caused by Rhizoctonia solani, gives rise to significant grain yield losses. The present study evaluated the efficacy of Integral, the commercial liquid formulation of Bacillus subtilis strain MBI 600, against rice ShB and for plant growth promotion. In greenhouse studies, four log concentrations of Integral （from 2.2×10^6 to 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL） were used as seed treatment （ST）. After 25 d, seedlings were dipped （SD） into Integral prior to transplanting. At 30 d after transplanting （DAT）, leaf sheaths were inoculated with immature sclerotia of the pathogen. At 45 DAT, a foliar spray （FS） with Integral was applied to some treatments. The fungicide control was 50% carbendazim at 1.0 g/L, and a nontreated control was also included. Overall, there were 10 treatments, each with five replications. ShB severity was rated at 52 DAT, and seedling height and number of tillers per plant were rated at 60 DAT. In 2009, two field trials evaluated Integral at 2.2×10^8 and 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL. Integral was applied as ST, and seedlings were produced in a nursery bed. After 32 d, seedlings were treated with Integral as SD and transplanted into 10 m^2 blocks. Foliar sprays were given at 45 and 60 DAT. There were seven treatments, each with eight replications arranged as a factorial randomized complete block design. At 20 DAT, the plots were broadcast inoculated with R. solani produced on rice grains. Seedling height before transplanting, ShB severity at 90 DAT, and grain yield at harvest were recorded. Integral at 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL provided significant increase of seedling heights over other treatments under greenhouse conditions. The Integral treatments of ST ＋ SD ＋ FS at 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL significantly suppressed ShB over other treatments. In field studies, Integral provided significant increase of seedling height in nursery, and number of tillers per plant, compared with the control. ShB severity was significantly suppressed with higher concentrations of Integral compared to lower concentrations. Grain yield were the highest at an Integral concentration of 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL. Overall, Integral significantly reduced ShB severity, enhanced seedling growth, number of tillers per plant and grain yield as ST ＋ SD ＋ FS at the concentration of 2.2×10^9 cfu/mL under the conditions evaluated.

Rhizosphere Bacteria for Biocontrol of Bacterial Blight and Growth Promotion of Rice

Several bacterial strains were isolated from different rhizospheres. Among these, strain PDY7 exhibited strong antibacterial activity against the rice bacterial blight （BB） pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae （Xoo） by the laboratory dual plate assays. The antibacterial property of the strain PDY7 was further investigated for the production of 2,4-diacetylphloroglucinol （DAPG）, which amplified a characteristic of 629-bp DNA fragment by PCR-based screening method using phlD primers. The application of phlD positive strains was carefully evaluated for disease control and growth promotion of rice plants under field conditions. The selected strain PDY7 suppressed the rice BB by 58.83% and 51.88% under glass house and field conditions, respectively. In addition, the strain PDY7 showed significant two-fold increase in root length （18.08 cm）, shoot length （29.81 cm）, and grain yield （96.07 g）. Strain PDY7 promoted the growth of rice plants by production of indole-3-acetic acid （IAA）, which was determined by high performance liquid chromatography （HPLC） analysis. Our findings suggest that PDY7 belongs to the P. fluorescens group and can serve as potential biocontrol of BB as well as biofertilizer agent for growth promotion of rice.

Identification of New Resistance Loci Against Sheath Blight Disease in Rice Through Genome-Wide Association Study

Sheath blight(SB) caused by the soil borne pathogen Rhizoctonia solani is one of the most serious global rice diseases. Breeding resistant cultivar is the most economical and effective strategy to control the disease. However, no rice varieties are completely resistant to SB, and only a few reliable quantitative trait loci(QTLs) linked with SB resistance have been identified to date. In this study, we conducted a genome-wide association study(GWAS) of SB resistance using 299 varieties from the rice diversity panel 1(RDP1) that were genotyped using 44 000 high-density single nucleotide polymorphism(SNP) markers. Through artificial inoculation, we found that only 36.5% of the tested varieties displayed resistance or moderate resistance to SB. In particular, the aromatic and aus sub-populations displayed higher SB resistance than the tropical japonica(TRJ), indica and temperate japonica sub-populations. Seven varieties showed similar resistance levels to the resistant control YSBR1. GWAS identified at least 11 SNP loci significantly associated with SB resistance in the three independent trials, leading to the identification of two reliable QTLs, qSB-3 and qSB-6, on chromosomes 3 and 6. Using favorable alleles or haplotypes of significantly associated SNP loci, we estimated that both QTLs had obvious effects on reducing SB disease severity and can be used for enhancing SB resistance, especially in improving SB resistance of TRJ sub-population rice varieties. These results provided important information and genetic materials for developing SB resistant varieties through breeding.

Dissipation of pencycuron in rice plant

Pencycuron is a non-systemic protective fungicide for controlling sheath blight of rice. However, information on the fate of pencycuron in rice plant is lacking. The degradation of pencycuron in waterlogged tropic rice field was investigated.Pencycuron was applied at recommended field dose (187.5 g a.i./ha) and double recommended dose to cropped plots for three consecutive years. Pencycuron was rapidly degraded in rice plant at all doses of pencycuron application with first order half-lives of 1.57～2.77 d. The study revealed that pencycuron is safe from the human and environmental contamination point of view.

Different Plant Extracts against <i>Phytophthora infestans</i>(Mont.) de Bary in Tomato <i>in Vitro</i>

The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of plant extracts in managing late blight disease in tomato, in vitro. Crude extracts were from Plectranthus barbatus, Tephrosia vogelii, Sphaeranthus suaveolens and Lantana camara. These were compared with commercial formulations Otiva fungicide and untreated as negative control. Their effectiveness was determined by measuring the inhibition zone of the mycelial growth of the pathogen recorded in triplicate at 48 hours and 72 hours. The results showed significant differences (P ≤ 0.001) among the extracting solvents on percentage inhibition of Phytophthora infestans. Methanol was superior in inhibiting the growth of mycelial growth of P. infestans as compared with ethyl acetate. Furthermore, all plants tested showed antifungal activity against P. infestans. The P. barbatus, L. camara and S. suaveolens were comparable with the commercial fungicide in inhibiting the growth of P. infestans. In this study, T. vogelii extract showed poor results in inhibiting the mycelial growth of P. infestans as compared with other plant extracts. Also, it was observed that, there were significant (P < 0.05) interactive effects between solvent and plant extracts and between incubation time and plant extracts.

The receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase OsRLCK118 regulates plant development and basal immunity in rice(Oryza sativa L.)

Receptor-like cytoplasmic kinases(RLCKs),which belong to a large subgroup of receptor-like kinases in plants,play crucial roles in plant development and immunity.However,their functions and regulatory mechanisms in plants remain unclear.Here,we report functional characterization of OsRLCK118 from the OsRLCK34 subgroup in rice(Oryza sativa L.).Expression of OsRLCK118 could be induced by infections with Xanthomonas oryzae pv.oryzae(Xoo)strains PXO68 and PXO99.Silencing of OsRLCK118 altered plant height,flag-leaf angle and second-topleaf angle.Silencing of OsRLCK118 also resulted in increasing susceptibility to Xoo and Magnaporthe oryzae(M.oryzae)in rice plants.OsRLCK118 knock-out plants were more sensitive to bacterial blight whereas OsRLCK118 overexpressor plants exhibited increased disease resistance.Expression levels of pathogenesis-related genes of OsPAL1,OsNH1,OsICS1,OsPR1a,OsPR5 and OsPR10 were reduced in the rlck118 mutant compared to wild-type rice(Dongjin)and knock-out of OsRLCK118 compromised the production of reactive oxygen species.These results suggest that OsRLCK118 may modulate basal resistance to Xoo and M.oryzae,possibly through regulation of ROS burst and hormone mediated defense signaling pathway.

一株沙福芽胞杆菌ZG6的筛选、鉴定及其对茶树轮斑病的生防潜力研究

轮斑病是茶树生产上的重要病害,造成茶叶产量和品质重大损失。为获得有效防治茶树轮斑病的生防菌株,从合肥茶园茶树根部组织中分离筛选到一株对茶树轮斑病菌具有较强拮抗活性的内生细菌ZG6。对峙培养条件下,该菌株对茶树轮斑病菌的菌丝抑制率可达65.38%。基于菌落形态、生理生化特征、16S r RNA和gyr B基因的序列分析,将菌株ZG6鉴定为沙福芽胞杆菌Bacillussafensis。菌株ZG6具有广谱抑菌能力,对油菜菌核病菌、玉米小斑病菌和苹果腐烂病菌表现出较强的抑制效果,抑制率分别为78.82%、64.71%和61.82%。酶学试验结果表明,菌株ZG6在代谢过程中可产生纤维素酶和蛋白酶。茶树离体枝条叶片防效试验结果表明,菌株ZG6的发酵液、无菌发酵滤液与菌液均对茶树轮斑病有预防和控制效果,在茶树离体枝条的叶片上的防效可达69.9%以上。由此可见,沙福芽胞杆菌ZG6具有作为防治茶树轮斑病生防菌剂研发的潜力。

马铃薯StCYP83基因家族鉴定及其抗晚疫病的功能分析

【目的】通过鉴定马铃薯StCYP83基因家族成员,分析其响应致病疫霉(Phytophthora infestans)侵染的表达模式,挖掘具有抗晚疫病功能的StCYP83并解析其免疫机制,为马铃薯抗晚疫病分子育种提供新型抗性基因资源。【方法】利用双向BLAST法鉴定StCYP83基因家族成员,通过ExPASy Prot Param、Cell-Ploc 2.0、ESPript等软件分析StCYP83蛋白序列基本信息、亚细胞定位情况、保守基序;利用qRT-PCR技术分析StCYP83响应致病疫霉侵染的表达模式;利用农杆菌介导的本氏烟瞬时表达体系和马铃薯过表达(OE)稳定转化植株分析候选基因影响寄主植物抗致病疫霉的免疫功能及作用机理。【结果】在马铃薯基因组中共鉴定到10个StCYP83家族基因,分别命名为StCYP83B1—StCYP83B10,编码蛋白长度介于387—503aa,分子量介于44—57 kDa,亚细胞定位预测结果显示StCYP83蛋白均定位于内质网膜。qRT-PCR结果表明,StCYP83家族成员在不同程度上均可响应致病疫霉侵染而诱导表达,暗示StCYP83家族基因可能在马铃薯与致病疫霉互作中发挥作用。基于此,从中选取明显响应致病疫霉侵染而诱导上调表达、且与拟南芥AtCYP83B1同源性最高的StCYP83B1用于后续的免疫功能解析。本氏烟瞬时过表达的接菌测试结果表明,StCYP83B1具有抗致病疫霉的生物学功能;同时,过表达StCYP83B1可显著促进PTI标记基因(NbWRKY7、NbWRKY8)、SA信号通路标记基因(NbPR1和NbPR2)和JA信号通路标记基因(NbPR3和NbLOX)的上调表达,并提高flg22诱发的活性氧迸发。此外,StCYP83B1编码蛋白保守基序中的半胱氨酸位点为其抗性功能所必需。StCYP83B1过表达(StCYP83B1-OE)株系对致病疫霉的抗性有所增强,且呈现出增强的PTI免疫反应,包括flg22诱发的活性氧水平升高以及PTI标记基因(StWRKY7、StWRKY8和StACRE31)的显著诱导上调表达。此外,马铃薯SA信号通路相关基因(StPR1、StPR2、StPR5和StPAL2)和JA信号通路相关基因(StLOX、StAOS和StOPR3)也被诱导上调表达。【结论】共鉴定到10个StCYP83家族成员,StCYP83家族成员在不同程度上均可响应致病疫霉的侵染而诱导表达。StCYP83B1通过激活PTI、SA和JA信号通路调控植物对致病疫霉的抗性;而StCYP83B1血红素结合域中的半胱氨酸位点为其抗性功能所必需。

扬麦4号/偃展1号RIL群体株高QTL挖掘及其对赤霉病抗性的效应分析与验证

小麦的株高(plant height,PH)性状与赤霉病(fusarium head blight,FHB)抗性的关系密切。本研究利用扬麦4号/偃展1号(YM4/YZ1)杂交组合衍生的重组自交系(recombinant inbred lines,RIL)群体,利用55K单核苷酸多态性(single-nucleotide polymorphism,SNP)芯片数据,结合3年共6个环境下RIL群体及其亲本的株高数据,挖掘株高性状的遗传位点。同时利用土壤表面赤霉病麦粒抛撒法和单花滴注法鉴定株高位点对赤霉病抗侵染(Type I)和抗扩展(Type II)两种类型的效应。在染色体2D、4B、4D、5A和7D上检测到7个与株高相关的数量性状位点(quantitative trait loci,QTL),经过比对,QPh.yas-2D.2可能是新的株高位点。QPh.yas-2D.1、QPh.yas-2D.2和QPh.yas-5A的矮秆效应来源于扬麦4号,其余4个QTL的矮秆效应来源于偃展1号。QPh.yas-4D和QPh.yas-5A均在6个环境下被检测到,表型变异贡献率(PVE)范围分别为19.48%~44.11%和10.48%~13.71%。研究发现Rht-D1和QPh.yas-7D.2位点上的高秆等位变异(YM4等位变异)分别降低侵染型平均病小穗率(average percentage of infected spikelets,PIS)34.97%和19.09%,QPh.yas-2D.2和QPh.yas-5A位点上的矮秆等位变异(YM4等位变异)分别降低扩展型平均病小穗率(average percentage of diseased spikelets,PDS)24.73%和14.56%。QPh.yas-5A的矮秆等位变异来源于阿夫。利用小麦中国春2.1版本的参考基因组信息分析QPh.yas-5A区间,发现一共有146个有注释功能的高置信基因,主要涉及合成细胞色素P450、脱水反应元件结合蛋白、乙烯响应转录因子、转录因子MYC2和细胞壁受体相关激酶等。进一步将QPh.yas-5A位点紧密连锁SNP标记转化成育种可用分子标记KASP-5A,并在126份小麦品种(系)中初步验证其对株高和赤霉病抗性的效应。研究结果可为QPh.yas-5A的育种应用和精细定位奠定基础。

乌头内生细菌JY-3-1R的鉴定及其生防和促生能力研究

分离筛选具生防和促生潜力的乌头内生细菌,为乌头土传病害防治提供优质微生物菌种。采用纯培养法从健康乌头分离内生细菌,对峙试验检测菌株拮抗病原菌能力,多位点持家基因序列鉴定菌株分类地位,平板法检测菌株产酶和铁载体能力,比色法检测菌株产IAA能力,大田试验检测菌株对乌头生长的影响和白绢病的生防潜力。从111株乌头内生细菌中筛选到1株对白绢病和根腐病病原菌有显著抑制作用的内生细菌JY-3-1R,该菌鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens)。JY-3-1R无细胞发酵滤液对齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii)菌丝生长和菌核萌发抑制率达100%。该菌具产IAA、铁载体、蛋白酶、纤维素酶和葡聚糖酶的能力,同时包含合成伊枯草菌素、丰原素、表面活性素、芽孢菌霉素、杆菌溶素、杆菌烯和大环内酯的功能基因。大田条件下,JY-3-1R接种降低乌头白绢病发病率高达40%,生防效率为61.53%-84.61%,生防能力持续30 d,同时植株茎、主根和子根干重分别提高了34.34%、82.59%和56.08%。JY-3-1R兼具生防和促生能力,具有开发作为乌头生物肥料和生防材料的潜力。

水稻纹枯病气象等级预报方法与应用

研究旨在建立基于天气预报产品的水稻纹枯病预测模型,判断天气趋势对病害发生影响程度,对病害进行早期预警,提高防效。通过对1987—2019年水稻纹枯病田间观测数据的综合分析,筛选出病害监测时段和促病气象指标,基于病害发生机理,提出日促病指数计算方法,构建基于日促病指数的病株率预测模型和分级方案,并结合天气预报产品,在2020年开展业务应用。结果表明:日促病指数与日病株率存在极显著线性相关关系,相关系数为0.797(P<0.001),Y=-0.032+0.147X(R^(2)=0.634),模型回代检验准确率83.3%;2018—2020年应用模型平均预报准确率82.4%。气象预报等级与田间实际病情较吻合,可用于日常纹枯病气象等级预报业务中。

大连地区雪松枝枯病(叶枯病)死亡现象调查及防治研究

2008年,辽宁省大连市经济开发区(现金普新区),在通往金石滩的主路中间绿化带上栽植了300余株大雪松,从第二年开始,这些雪松逐渐出现了枯头、枯枝、枯叶等现象,最终死亡,造成巨大经济损失的同时还给原产地和栽植地的生态造成了严重的破坏。2018年此种现象再一次出现在大连地区星海人家小区里的雪松上,经过整理大量科研资料以及实地考察确定该批雪松系感染子囊菌亚门的茶簏子葡萄座腔菌(Botro-sphaeria ribis)所引起的雪松枯枝病,亦称为雪松叶枯病。确认病情后,随即对现场的雪松展开救治,采取常规治疗措施的同时,还第一次投入了“那氏778”诱导剂灌根扶壮法,实验效果显著持久。

Cecropin B 转基因水稻及其后代抗白叶枯病研究初报

就单株自交繁殖得到的京引１１９的ＣｅｃｒｏｐｉｎＢ转基因水稻Ｔ０代到Ｔ５代共６个世代的不同单株株系对白叶枯病的抗性进行了初步研究。结果表明，ＣｅｃｒｏｐｉｎＢ转基因水稻对白叶枯病的抗病性在后代中出现分离，但能传递到高世代，在Ｔ４代中得到两个抗病性提高的株系。从白叶枯病菌侵染抗病性不同的株系的动态变化结果表明，ＣｅｃｒｏｐｉｎＢ转基因水稻能抵抗白叶枯病的轻度感染，但要彻底改进转基因水稻抗病性，必须有高水平的杀灭病菌的物质表达。

蓖麻枯萎病研究初探

为尽量减少蓖麻枯萎病给农业生产造成的损失,通过对蓖麻枯萎病的症状、病原菌分离以及品种间的抗性差异、轮作与发病的关系及药剂防治等方面的研究,明确了病害的发生与品种及轮作的相关性,表述了某些药剂的防治效果,为相关的科研、生产提供参考依据。