Transcribing and Comparing Classroom and Casual Conversations

This article reflects on how to transcribe two audio recordings and conducts a comparative analysis on them,aiming at identifying the typical features of transcribing process and identifying the different features of classroom and casual conversations.The first recording is an institutional conversation recorded in a module called"Communication skills for teachers"in an under graduate classroom in Singapore.The second is a casual conversation occurring among four MA classmates who met for their sec ond time.The first part of this article focuses on the issues met and the insights gained in transcribing.The second part is a com parative analysis that leads to the conclusion classroom and casual conversations are two different genres of spoken interactions with distinctive features shaped by field and tenor.

聚乙二醇模拟干旱对三种木麻黄种子萌发的影响

为研究木麻黄Casuarinaceae.种子苗困难地造林,以木麻黄为试验材料,用不同渗透势浓度的聚乙二醇(PEG-6000)模拟干旱胁迫,探讨干旱胁迫对木麻黄种子发芽率、发芽势、胚轴和胚根长度及发芽指数、活力指数的影响。结果表明,不同浓度PEG胁迫处理均降低了种子的发芽率,延缓了木麻黄种子萌发进程;种子的发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数均随胁迫强度的增加呈明显下降趋势。当-1.20 MPa的PEG胁迫处理的种子在试验结束时仍未能萌发,表明-1.20 MPa是木麻黄种子萌发的临界水势。当PEG浓度为150 g/L时,三种木麻黄幼苗的胚根最长,且当PEG浓度为100 g/L时,三种木麻黄胚根长度长于对照组,但差异不显著,说明高于-0.40 MPa的水势有利于木麻黄种子胚根的生长。木麻黄幼苗苗高生长则是随着PEG浓度的升高而逐渐减缓。通过比较得知木麻黄种子抗旱性较强。

木麻黄南北方位边材液流季节动态及其对蒸腾耗水测算的影响

利用TDP径流计对福建沿海木麻黄南北方位的边材液流动态进行长期监测，并同步检测空气温湿度、太阳辐射等环境因子，分析南北方位液流速率的相互关系、对蒸腾耗水量测算的影响以及与环境因子的关系。结果显示，木麻黄南北2个方位测得的液流速率存在显著差异和线性相关。木麻黄生长季（5～10月）内单株蒸腾耗水量与日总太阳辐射和昼间平均空气水汽压亏缺的指数饱和曲线拟合效果较好。采用单方位树干液流速率测算的整株蒸腾耗水量与2个方位的测算值相差18．19％。