The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technolo...The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.展开更多
Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that th...Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C-C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain,while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane.As a result,more than 2%of light products(gas plus naphtha)and3%more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.展开更多
The commercial application of a novel RFCC catalyst HSC used in an 1.4 Mt/a RFCC unit at a refinery A was introduced. The application results show that in comparison with the base catalyst, the yield of dry gas and sl...The commercial application of a novel RFCC catalyst HSC used in an 1.4 Mt/a RFCC unit at a refinery A was introduced. The application results show that in comparison with the base catalyst, the yield of dry gas and slurry was reduced, while the total liquid yield, gasoline yield and LPG yield increased by 1.34, 5.05 and 1.43 percentage points,respectively. The properties of the products showed no significant change while the anti-abrasion strength of the catalyst was relatively high. Based on the mid-term calibration test, the summary calibration test and the daily statistics of long term industrial application practice, the HSC catalyst features a strong conversion ability of heavy oil, a high gasoline yield, a satisfactory product distribution and a good selectivity.展开更多
A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solut...A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.展开更多
The isomerization of light paraffin over HZSM-5-Ni-Mo-F synthetic zeolite catalysts was studied, and the effects of reaction conditions on the isomerization were investigated. The results show that the optimum reactio...The isomerization of light paraffin over HZSM-5-Ni-Mo-F synthetic zeolite catalysts was studied, and the effects of reaction conditions on the isomerization were investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction condition can be obtained to enhance the research octane number (RON) of product and the liquid yield. The optimum experimental condition is: HZSM-5 catalyst with 1.5wt% of Ni, 2wt% of Mo and 0.4wt% of F, at a temperature of 345℃ and a reaction mass hourly space velocity (MHSV) of 0.2 h-1. The isomerization reaction of light paraffin from Tarim refinery was studied and the research octane number (RON) of gasoline product could be enhanced by 20 units under the condition of nonhydrogenization and optimum experimental status.展开更多
A reliable kinetic model to describe the effects of various factors on the reaction rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization is developed. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to simulate the ...A reliable kinetic model to describe the effects of various factors on the reaction rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization is developed. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to simulate the solid–liquid dispersion in reactor. The catalyst Ti M is obtained by improving the composition and structure of hydrated titanium dioxide. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization is deduced based on reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation model. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization reaction is fitted, and the results show that the fitted equation is correlated with the experimental data. The rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization reaction are affected by the amount of catalyst, deactivation of catalyst, structure of catalyst, reaction temperature and water content of catalyst. The solid–liquid distribution of the reactor is calculated by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, and the solid–liquid dispersion in commercial scale reactor is more uniform than that in lab-scale reactor.展开更多
Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts wer...Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts were enhanced significantly j The activity of the most active sample. 60%SZ/Al_2O3-P, was even about 2 times more active than that of the SZ catalyst.展开更多
The project for commercial application of the silver catalyst YS-9010 at the Shanghai Petrochemical Company has passed the appraisal.The experts attending the appraisal meeting have unanimously recognized that this te...The project for commercial application of the silver catalyst YS-9010 at the Shanghai Petrochemical Company has passed the appraisal.The experts attending the appraisal meeting have unanimously recognized that this test has made a breakthrough to attain a catalytic selectivity of 90%along with providing a technology to quickly increase the catalyst selectivity and shorten the acclimation period,making the comprehensive performance of this catalyst comparable to the international advanced level.展开更多
The SHP-A1 type catalyst for hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene(AMS)developed by the SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute(SPRI)has been successfully applied in the No.1 phenol unit at the Third Chemical Pl...The SHP-A1 type catalyst for hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene(AMS)developed by the SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute(SPRI)has been successfully applied in the No.1 phenol unit at the Third Chemical Plant of Yanshan Petrochemical Company at the first attempt of commissioning.The said catalyst is the first AMS hydrogenation catalyst developed展开更多
This paper presents the performance and characteristics of new-type sulfur tolerant shift catalyst QDB-04 and its industrial side-line test as well as the first-time industrial application in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer...This paper presents the performance and characteristics of new-type sulfur tolerant shift catalyst QDB-04 and its industrial side-line test as well as the first-time industrial application in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant of Shandong in China. The results show that the catalyst has high strength and strength stability, good low temperature activity and stability as well as low potassium bleeding ratio which well meet for the requirements of the methanol plant on catalyst performance in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant.展开更多
This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the...This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the initial and middle stages of operation. The performance of catalysts at the end of operation was analyzed, and factors affecting the performance of the novel catalysts at the end of run were identified to facilitate further improvement of the said catalysts.展开更多
This article makes an analysis on the major technical difficulties encountered in the process of revamping and expanding the capacity of the continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) unit from 600 kt/a to 800 kt/a at Tianj...This article makes an analysis on the major technical difficulties encountered in the process of revamping and expanding the capacity of the continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) unit from 600 kt/a to 800 kt/a at Tianjin Petrochemical Company. The requirements for expanding the CCR unit capacity to 800 kt/a have been met through adopting the low carbon-make PS-VI catalyst, properly lowering the RONC of the reformate, and appropriately retrofitting the towers and furnaces while keeping the reaction system, the catalyst regeneration system and the recycle hydrogen compressor intact. The calibration results have revealed that the liquid yield of reformate products, the octane rating of reformate, the pure hydrogen yield, the aromatics yield and the overall conversion rate all have met the revamp design targets.展开更多
This article refers to the first commercial application of upflow residuum hydrotreating serial catalyst, developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), in the residuum hydrotreating u...This article refers to the first commercial application of upflow residuum hydrotreating serial catalyst, developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), in the residuum hydrotreating unit at Shengli refinery of Qilu Petrochemical Company. This catalyst features large pore volume and large pore diameter. The production practice for more than one year has revealed that the domestic upflow residuum hydrotreating catalyst has shown good performance and stability over the whole period of operation despite its high activity at the start of run, and has basically reached the level of similar imported catalyst.展开更多
Using clean solar energy to reduce CO_(2)into value-added products not only consumes the over-emitted CO_(2)that causes environmental problems,but also generates fuel chemicals to alleviate energy crises.The photocata...Using clean solar energy to reduce CO_(2)into value-added products not only consumes the over-emitted CO_(2)that causes environmental problems,but also generates fuel chemicals to alleviate energy crises.The photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(PCO_(2)RR)relies on the semiconductor photocatalysts that suffer from high recombination rate of the photo-generated carriers,low light harvesting capability,and low stability.This review explores the recent discoveries on the novel semiconductors for PCO_(2)RR,focusing on the rational catalyst design strategies(such as surface engineering,band engineering,hierarchical structure construction,single-atom catalysts,and biohybrid catalysts)that promote the catalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts on PCO_(2)RR.The advanced characterization techniques that contribute to understanding the intrinsic properties of the photocatalysts are also discussed.Lastly,the perspectives on future challenges and possible solutions for PCO_(2)RR are presented.展开更多
Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The rea...Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.展开更多
Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their low cost,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,Li-S batteries suffer from sluggish ...Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their low cost,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,Li-S batteries suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics and serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),which causes rapid decay of battery capacity and prevent their practical application.To address these problems,introducing single-atom catalysts(SACs)is an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries,due to their high catalytic efficiency and definite active sites for LiPSs.In this paper,we summarized the latest developments in enhancing the electrochemical performance of cathode for Li-S batteries through introducing different SACs.Furthermore,we briefly introduced the catalytic mechanism of SACs and discussed the strategies of synthesizing SACs,including the spatial confinement strategy and the coordination design strategy.Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are proposed.We believe that this review would help to design and fabricate high-performance Li-S batteries via introducing SACs and boost their practical application.展开更多
文摘The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.
基金financial supports by National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2017YFB0306702)are gratefully acknowledged。
文摘Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C-C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain,while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane.As a result,more than 2%of light products(gas plus naphtha)and3%more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.
文摘The commercial application of a novel RFCC catalyst HSC used in an 1.4 Mt/a RFCC unit at a refinery A was introduced. The application results show that in comparison with the base catalyst, the yield of dry gas and slurry was reduced, while the total liquid yield, gasoline yield and LPG yield increased by 1.34, 5.05 and 1.43 percentage points,respectively. The properties of the products showed no significant change while the anti-abrasion strength of the catalyst was relatively high. Based on the mid-term calibration test, the summary calibration test and the daily statistics of long term industrial application practice, the HSC catalyst features a strong conversion ability of heavy oil, a high gasoline yield, a satisfactory product distribution and a good selectivity.
文摘A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.
文摘The isomerization of light paraffin over HZSM-5-Ni-Mo-F synthetic zeolite catalysts was studied, and the effects of reaction conditions on the isomerization were investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction condition can be obtained to enhance the research octane number (RON) of product and the liquid yield. The optimum experimental condition is: HZSM-5 catalyst with 1.5wt% of Ni, 2wt% of Mo and 0.4wt% of F, at a temperature of 345℃ and a reaction mass hourly space velocity (MHSV) of 0.2 h-1. The isomerization reaction of light paraffin from Tarim refinery was studied and the research octane number (RON) of gasoline product could be enhanced by 20 units under the condition of nonhydrogenization and optimum experimental status.
基金the National Ministry of Science and Technology of China(No.2017YFB0602401)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.21776173 and 21625603)+2 种基金the Program of Shanghai Subject Chief Scientist(No.18XD1402000)the Fujian Green Pine Co.,Ltd.the computational support from the Center for High Performance Computing,Shanghai Jiao Tong University for supporting this work。
文摘A reliable kinetic model to describe the effects of various factors on the reaction rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization is developed. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to simulate the solid–liquid dispersion in reactor. The catalyst Ti M is obtained by improving the composition and structure of hydrated titanium dioxide. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization is deduced based on reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation model. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization reaction is fitted, and the results show that the fitted equation is correlated with the experimental data. The rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization reaction are affected by the amount of catalyst, deactivation of catalyst, structure of catalyst, reaction temperature and water content of catalyst. The solid–liquid distribution of the reactor is calculated by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, and the solid–liquid dispersion in commercial scale reactor is more uniform than that in lab-scale reactor.
文摘Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts were enhanced significantly j The activity of the most active sample. 60%SZ/Al_2O3-P, was even about 2 times more active than that of the SZ catalyst.
文摘The project for commercial application of the silver catalyst YS-9010 at the Shanghai Petrochemical Company has passed the appraisal.The experts attending the appraisal meeting have unanimously recognized that this test has made a breakthrough to attain a catalytic selectivity of 90%along with providing a technology to quickly increase the catalyst selectivity and shorten the acclimation period,making the comprehensive performance of this catalyst comparable to the international advanced level.
文摘The SHP-A1 type catalyst for hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene(AMS)developed by the SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute(SPRI)has been successfully applied in the No.1 phenol unit at the Third Chemical Plant of Yanshan Petrochemical Company at the first attempt of commissioning.The said catalyst is the first AMS hydrogenation catalyst developed
文摘This paper presents the performance and characteristics of new-type sulfur tolerant shift catalyst QDB-04 and its industrial side-line test as well as the first-time industrial application in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant of Shandong in China. The results show that the catalyst has high strength and strength stability, good low temperature activity and stability as well as low potassium bleeding ratio which well meet for the requirements of the methanol plant on catalyst performance in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant.
文摘This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the initial and middle stages of operation. The performance of catalysts at the end of operation was analyzed, and factors affecting the performance of the novel catalysts at the end of run were identified to facilitate further improvement of the said catalysts.
文摘This article makes an analysis on the major technical difficulties encountered in the process of revamping and expanding the capacity of the continuous catalytic reforming (CCR) unit from 600 kt/a to 800 kt/a at Tianjin Petrochemical Company. The requirements for expanding the CCR unit capacity to 800 kt/a have been met through adopting the low carbon-make PS-VI catalyst, properly lowering the RONC of the reformate, and appropriately retrofitting the towers and furnaces while keeping the reaction system, the catalyst regeneration system and the recycle hydrogen compressor intact. The calibration results have revealed that the liquid yield of reformate products, the octane rating of reformate, the pure hydrogen yield, the aromatics yield and the overall conversion rate all have met the revamp design targets.
文摘This article refers to the first commercial application of upflow residuum hydrotreating serial catalyst, developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), in the residuum hydrotreating unit at Shengli refinery of Qilu Petrochemical Company. This catalyst features large pore volume and large pore diameter. The production practice for more than one year has revealed that the domestic upflow residuum hydrotreating catalyst has shown good performance and stability over the whole period of operation despite its high activity at the start of run, and has basically reached the level of similar imported catalyst.
基金This work was supported by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada(NSERC)。
文摘Using clean solar energy to reduce CO_(2)into value-added products not only consumes the over-emitted CO_(2)that causes environmental problems,but also generates fuel chemicals to alleviate energy crises.The photocatalytic CO_(2)reduction reaction(PCO_(2)RR)relies on the semiconductor photocatalysts that suffer from high recombination rate of the photo-generated carriers,low light harvesting capability,and low stability.This review explores the recent discoveries on the novel semiconductors for PCO_(2)RR,focusing on the rational catalyst design strategies(such as surface engineering,band engineering,hierarchical structure construction,single-atom catalysts,and biohybrid catalysts)that promote the catalytic performance of semiconductor catalysts on PCO_(2)RR.The advanced characterization techniques that contribute to understanding the intrinsic properties of the photocatalysts are also discussed.Lastly,the perspectives on future challenges and possible solutions for PCO_(2)RR are presented.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.22201262 and 52201261)the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province(No.222300420290)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation(No.2021M702939).
文摘Carbon-based dual-metal sites catalysts(DMSCs)have emerged as a new frontier in the field of sustainable energy due to their unique coordination environments,electronic structure,the maximized atom utilization.The reasonable utilization of carbonbased DMSCs provides new possibilities to achieve the outstanding catalytic performance,remarkable selectivity,recyclability in energy-related catalysis.Based on this,this review intends to summarize the recent breakthroughs in carbonbased DMSCs for the energy catalysis.Firstly,the definition and classifications of DMSCs are proposed,mainly dividing into three types(isolated dual-metal site pairs,binuclear homologous dual-metal sites pairs,binuclear heterologous dual-metal sites pairs).Subsequently,we discuss the potential of DMSCs targeting on energy conversion reactions,such as electrocatalytic hydrogen evolution reaction(HER),oxygen evolution reaction(OER),oxygen reduction reaction(ORR),CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR),N_(2) reduction reaction(NRR).Finally,we predict the remaining challenges and possible opportunities on the unique carbon-based DMSCs for energy applications in the future.
基金supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China(No.2020YFB1713500)the Student Research Training Plan of Henan University of Science and Technology(No.2020026)the National Undergraduate Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program(Nos.202010464031,202110464005)。
文摘Lithium–sulfur(Li-S)batteries are regarded as one of the most promising energy storage devices because of their low cost,high energy density,and environmental friendliness.However,Li-S batteries suffer from sluggish reaction kinetics and serious“shuttle effect”of lithium polysulfides(LiPSs),which causes rapid decay of battery capacity and prevent their practical application.To address these problems,introducing single-atom catalysts(SACs)is an effective method to improve the electrochemical performance of Li-S batteries,due to their high catalytic efficiency and definite active sites for LiPSs.In this paper,we summarized the latest developments in enhancing the electrochemical performance of cathode for Li-S batteries through introducing different SACs.Furthermore,we briefly introduced the catalytic mechanism of SACs and discussed the strategies of synthesizing SACs,including the spatial confinement strategy and the coordination design strategy.Finally,the challenges and prospects in this field are proposed.We believe that this review would help to design and fabricate high-performance Li-S batteries via introducing SACs and boost their practical application.