Comparison on Commercial Application of Two Types of C_8 Aromatics Isomerization Catalysts

The results of commercial application of two types of C_8 aromatics isomerization catalysts under different feed conditions were compared to gain an insight in the techno-economical basis for selecting proper technological route at the plant.The comparison reveals differences in every aspect of feed consumption,unit capacity,product output,product distribution,and unit process parameters depending upon which catalyst type is adopted by the integrated PX complex.The type of aromatics isomerization catalyst has its influence on the plant scale,the construction cost,the process unit capacity and the product cost,with the magnitude of its impact varying with changing feed conditions.

Recent advances in phenazine-linked porous catalysts toward photo/electrocatalytic applications and mechanism

In recent years,porous organic catalysts have been developed and become research hotspots in photo/electrocatalysis due to their inherent pores,high specific surface area,chemical and thermal stability,and diverse functional building blocks.Phenazine-linked organic catalysts,exhibited excellent conjugation,electrical conductivity,chemical,and thermal stability,could bring in N atoms with specific numbers and positions to regulate electron levels,anchor metals,and absorb near-infrared light,which expands solar energy utilization.These advantages of the phenazine-linked catalysts attracted our group and numerous researchers to conduct experimental and computational work on photo/electrocatalytic applications and mechanisms.This review summarizes the recent significant research progress,synthesis methods,photo/electrocatalytic performance,and applications of relative phenazine-linked catalysts.Furthermore,the photo/electrocatalytic mechanism was systematized and summarized by combining experiments and density functional theory calculations simultaneously.

Experimental and kinetic study of n-heptane isomerization on nanoporous Pt-(Re,Sn)/HZSM5-HMS catalysts

Pt-（Sn,Re）/HZSM5-HMS catalysts were evaluated for n-heptane isomerization at 200–350 ℃.To characterize the catalyst,X-ray diffraction,X-ray fluorescene,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,ultraviolet-visible diffuse reflectance spectroscopy,temperature-programmed reduction of H2,temperature-programmed desorption of NH3,infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine,H2 chemisorption,nitrogen adsorption-desorption,scanning electron microscopy and thermogravimetric analysis were performed.Kinetics of n-C7 isomerization were investigated under various hydrogen and n-C7 pressures,and the effects of reaction conditions on catalytic performance were studied.The results showed that bi-and trimetallic catalysts exhibit better performance than monometallic catalysts for this reaction.For example,a maximum i-C7 selectivity（ 〉74%） and multibranched isomer selectivity（40%） were observed for Pt-Sn/HZSM5-HMS at 200 ℃.

Development and Commercial Application of High-Platinum CCR Catalyst with Low Coke Deposition Rate

By means of selecting proper additives and optimizing catalyst composition and preparation procedures, a high-platinum and low coke deposition catalyst PS-Ⅶ for continuous catalytic reforming （CCR） without reducing its specific surface area has been successfully developed. This catalyst PS-Ⅶ was evaluated in a 100-mL pilot test unit. Study results showed that under the same reaction conditions the newly developed catalyst PS-Ⅶ achieved a 26% reduction in coke deposition as compared to the existing high-platinum CCR catalyst. This catalyst upon its first commercial application in a 1.39 Mt/a CCR unit had exhibited good anti-attrition performance and good stability in terms of its specific surface area. Compared to the original CCR catalyst this PS-Ⅶ type catalyst could reduce the coke deposition by 27.32% when operating on feedstock with low potential aromatic content, along with apparent increase in C6^＋ liquid yield, hydrogen yield and aromatics yield, which could grapple with the problem associated with the catalyst regeneration constraints after CCR capacity expansion to ensure the longcycle high-load operation of the CCR unit.

Hydrocracking diversity in n-dodecane isomerization on Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts and their catalytic performance for hydrodewaxing of lube base oil

Nobel metallic Pt/ZSM-22 and Pt/ZSM-23 catalysts were prepared for hydroisomerization of normal dodecane and hydrodewaxing of heavy waxy lube base oil.The hydroisomerization performance of n-dodecane indicated that the Pt/ZSM-23 catalyst preferred to crack the C-C bond near the middle of n-dodecane chain,while the Pt/ZSM-22 catalyst was favorable for breaking the carbon chain near the end of n-dodecane.As a result,more than 2%of light products(gas plus naphtha)and3%more of heavy lube base oil with low-pour point and high viscosity index were produced on Pt/ZSM-22 than those on Pt/ZSM-23 while using the heavy waxy vacuum distillate oil as feedstock.

Rational construction of thermally stable single atom catalysts:From atomic structure to practical applications

As a new frontier in catalysis field,single-atom catalysts(SACs)hold unique electronic structure and high atom utilization,which have displayed unprecedented activity and selectivity toward a wide range of catalytic reactions.However,many reported SACs are susceptible to Ostwald ripening process in high temperature environment or long-term catalytic application,which will cause sintering and deactivation.This is due to the weak interaction between the metal atom and supports.The regeneration and recycling of deactivated catalysts will greatly increase the time and economic cost of industrial production.Therefore,it is necessary to develop SACs with excellent thermal stability to meet the industrial demands.Here,we discuss the fundamental comprehension of the stability of thermally stable SACs obtained from different synthesis methods.The influences of the speciation of metal centers and coordination environments on thermal stability are summarized.The importance of using novel in situ and operando characterizations to reveal dynamic structural evolution under synthesis and reaction conditions and to identify active sites of thermally stable SACs is highlighted.The mechanistic understanding of the unique role of thermally stable SACs in thermocatalytic application is also discussed.At last,a brief perspective on the remaining challenges and future directions of thermally stable SACs is presented.

Commercial Application of Novel Heavy Oil Catalytic Cracking Catalyst HSC

The commercial application of a novel RFCC catalyst HSC used in an 1.4 Mt/a RFCC unit at a refinery A was introduced. The application results show that in comparison with the base catalyst, the yield of dry gas and slurry was reduced, while the total liquid yield, gasoline yield and LPG yield increased by 1.34, 5.05 and 1.43 percentage points,respectively. The properties of the products showed no significant change while the anti-abrasion strength of the catalyst was relatively high. Based on the mid-term calibration test, the summary calibration test and the daily statistics of long term industrial application practice, the HSC catalyst features a strong conversion ability of heavy oil, a high gasoline yield, a satisfactory product distribution and a good selectivity.

Study and Commercial Application of Graded Optimization of Catalysts for Fixed Bed Residue Upgrading Unit

The SHIFT-G technology of inverse catalyst loading is used to optimize the catalyst grading in the residue hydrotreating unit. The results, taken from pilot tests and commercial units, have showed that the optimized catalyst grading system can reasonably distribute the reaction load, effectively improve the prop- erties of hydrotreated products, prolong the operating cycle and promote economic benefits.

Commercial Application of Polymetallic Reforming Catalysts PRT

The commercial application results showed that the polymetallic reforming catalysts PRT exhibited high activity, good selectivity and stability. The performance of said catalysts could be restored completely through regeneration. After long period of operation, the activity of said catalysts still exhibited good sensitivity to temperature rise. Compared with the PR series catalysts, the PRT series catalysts had obviously better stability and lower coking rate.

Assessment on Commercial Application of Novel S-RHT Catalysts

This article refers to the commercial application assessment of the novel S-RHT catalysts.The application outcome has shown that the catalysts loading was reduced with its performance kept at the original level at the initial and middle stages of operation. The performance of catalysts at the end of operation was analyzed, and factors affecting the performance of the novel catalysts at the end of run were identified to facilitate further improvement of the said catalysts.

γ-Al₂O₃Supported SO₄^2&#45/ZrO₂Solid Superacid Catalysts for n-Pentane Isomerization

A solid superacid catalyst Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 for n-pentane isomerization, was prepared by incipient-wetness impregnation. Preparetion conditions, namely, calcination temperature, concentration of sulfuric acid solution used in impregnation and Al2O3 concentration, were varied to investigate the effects on catalytic performance of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3. The results showed that the PtSZA catalyst exhibited excellent catalytic performance for n-pentane isomerization. Under optimized preparation conditions of calcination temperature of 650°C, reaction time for 3 h, concentration of sulfuric acid solution for 0.5 mol/L, 30% of Al2O3 concentration and 0.3% of Pt concentration, the n-pentane conversion and isopentane selectivity of Pt-SO42-/ZrO2-A12O3 could reach up to 62.17% and 91.60%, respectively.

Study of Modification and Performance of HZSM-5 Catalyst for Isomerization of Light Paraffin

The isomerization of light paraffin over HZSM-5-Ni-Mo-F synthetic zeolite catalysts was studied, and the effects of reaction conditions on the isomerization were investigated. The results show that the optimum reaction condition can be obtained to enhance the research octane number (RON) of product and the liquid yield. The optimum experimental condition is: HZSM-5 catalyst with 1.5wt% of Ni, 2wt% of Mo and 0.4wt% of F, at a temperature of 345℃ and a reaction mass hourly space velocity (MHSV) of 0.2 h-1. The isomerization reaction of light paraffin from Tarim refinery was studied and the research octane number (RON) of gasoline product could be enhanced by 20 units under the condition of nonhydrogenization and optimum experimental status.

Application of kinetics and computational fluid dynamics in pinene isomerization

A reliable kinetic model to describe the effects of various factors on the reaction rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization is developed. Furthermore, computational fluid dynamics(CFD) is applied to simulate the solid–liquid dispersion in reactor. The catalyst Ti M is obtained by improving the composition and structure of hydrated titanium dioxide. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization is deduced based on reaction mechanism and catalyst deactivation model. The kinetic equation of pinene isomerization reaction is fitted, and the results show that the fitted equation is correlated with the experimental data. The rate and selectivity of pinene isomerization reaction are affected by the amount of catalyst, deactivation of catalyst, structure of catalyst, reaction temperature and water content of catalyst. The solid–liquid distribution of the reactor is calculated by computational fluid dynamics numerical simulation, and the solid–liquid dispersion in commercial scale reactor is more uniform than that in lab-scale reactor.

A Novel Way to Prepareγ-A1_2O_3 Supported SO_4^(2-)/ZrO_2 Solid Superacid Catalysts for n-Butane Isomerization

Highly active solid superacid catalysts for n-butane isomerization, SZ/A1_2O_3-P, were prepared by supporting SO-(4-2)/ZrO2, (SZ) on y-A1_2O_3 carrier using a precipitation method. The activities of some catalysts were enhanced significantly j The activity of the most active sample. 60%SZ/Al_2O3-P, was even about 2 times more active than that of the SZ catalyst.

Study on Application of Silver Catalyst YS-9010 at Shanghai Petrochemical Company Passed Appraisal

The project for commercial application of the silver catalyst YS-9010 at the Shanghai Petrochemical Company has passed the appraisal.The experts attending the appraisal meeting have unanimously recognized that this test has made a breakthrough to attain a catalytic selectivity of 90%along with providing a technology to quickly increase the catalyst selectivity and shorten the acclimation period,making the comprehensive performance of this catalyst comparable to the international advanced level.

First Commercial Application of Upflow Residuum Hydrotreating Catalyst

This article refers to the first commercial application of upflow residuum hydrotreating serial catalyst, developed by Fushun Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals (FRIPP), in the residuum hydrotreating unit at Shengli refinery of Qilu Petrochemical Company. This catalyst features large pore volume and large pore diameter. The production practice for more than one year has revealed that the domestic upflow residuum hydrotreating catalyst has shown good performance and stability over the whole period of operation despite its high activity at the start of run, and has basically reached the level of similar imported catalyst.

Preparation and Commercial Application of ZHC-01 Hydrocracking Catalyst

The ZHC-01 hydrocracking catalyst, characterized by high hydrogenation activity, good selectivity for middle distillates, strong resistance to nitrogen poisoning, was prepared by co-gelling. The catalyst is not only suited to the single-stage hydrocracking process, but also to the first stage of serial hydrocracking process. In parallel with the fully loaded operation of the 1.4 Mt/a hydrocracking unit at the SINOPEC Qilu Petrochemical Company, a pilot test of the ZHC-01 catalyst was also carried out on the hydrocracking unit. The test results indicated that the activity, the yield of major target products and quality of the ZHC-01 catalyst could comply with the design requirements for the hydrocracking unit, and this catalyst could be applied in the hydrocracking unit. The commercial test results showed that the ZHC-01 catalyst, featuring good activity, stability, and flexibility in production, not only could meet the demand for producing environmentally friendly middle distillates, but could also increase the resource of optimized steam cracking feedstock.

Commercial Application of the PS-VI Catalyst in the Revamped 0.8 Mt/a Catalytic Reforming Unit

This article makes an analysis on the major technical difficulties encountered in the process of revamping and expanding the capacity of the continuous catalytic reforming （CCR） unit from 600 kt/a to 800 kt/a at Tianjin Petrochemical Company. The requirements for expanding the CCR unit capacity to 800 kt/a have been met through adopting the low carbon-make PS-Ⅵ catalyst, properly lowering the RONC of the reformate, and appropriately retrofitting the towers and furnaces while keeping the reaction system, the catalyst regeneration system and the recycle hydrogen compressor intact. The calibration results have revealed that the liquid yield of reformate products, the octane rating of reformate, the pure hydrogen yield, the aromatics yield and the overall conversion rate all have met the revamp design targets.

Successful Application of Novel α-Methylstyrene Hydrogenation Catalyst at Yanshan Petrochemical Company

The SHP-A1 type catalyst for hydrogenation of α-methylstyrene(AMS)developed by the SINOPEC Shanghai Petrochemical Research Institute(SPRI)has been successfully applied in the No.1 phenol unit at the Third Chemical Plant of Yanshan Petrochemical Company at the first attempt of commissioning.The said catalyst is the first AMS hydrogenation catalyst developed

Performance and Industrial Application of New-Type Sulfur Tolerant CO Shift Catalyst QDB-04

This paper presents the performance and characteristics of new-type sulfur tolerant shift catalyst QDB-04 and its industrial side-line test as well as the first-time industrial application in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant of Shandong in China. The results show that the catalyst has high strength and strength stability, good low temperature activity and stability as well as low potassium bleeding ratio which well meet for the requirements of the methanol plant on catalyst performance in Lunan Chemical Fertilizer Plant.