Effect of Fe content on microstructure and mechanical properties of Cu-Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid cladding

To select the proper composition and obtain an overall material?microstructure?property relationship for Cu?Fe alloy, theeffect of Fe content on microstructure and properties of Cu?Fe-based composite coatings by laser induction hybrid rapid claddingwas investigated. Microstructure characterization of the composite coatings was tested utilizing SEM, XRD and EDS. Microhardnessmeasurement was executed to evaluate the mechanical properties of the composite coatings. The results show that for low Fe content,the composite coating presents a feature that Fe-rich equiaxed dendrites are embedded in the Cu-rich matrix. With increasing Fecontent, the Fe-rich particles are dispersed in the Cu-rich matrix. With further increasing Fe content, large amounts of Cu-richparticles are homogeneously dispersed in the interdendrite of the Fe-rich matrix. Correspondingly, the average microhardness of thecomposite coatings increases gradually with the increase of Fe content and the microhardness of Cu14.5Fe83Si2C0.5 coating is muchtwice higher than that of the substrate.

Effects of induction heat treatment on mechanical properties of TiAl-based alloy

The effects of rapid heating cyclic heat treatment on mechanical properties of a TiAl based alloy (Ti 33Al 3Cr) were studied by means of an induction heating machine. The results show that: 1) fine fully lamellar microstructure with colony size of about 50 μm and lamellar spacing of about 0.12 μm can be obtained; 2) the compression mechanical properties can be improved to a large extent and the best comprehensive compression mechanical properties can reach the yield stress 745 MPa, the large flow stress 1 672 MPa and the compression ratio 19.4%; and 3) the compression fracture at room temperature after induction heat treatment and aging is still typical cleavage fracture.

Effect of induction heating and tempering on properties and microstructures of quenched and tempered pipes

In this study,a C-Mn quenched steel tube was quickly tempered by induction heating,and the influence of the tempering temperature on its performance was studied and compared with that by traditional tempering. The results show that the yield strength of both is quite strong with regular changes in the tempering temperature,but that the tensile strength of the tube tempered by induction heating is higher than that tempered by traditional tempering by about 25 MPa,and the elongation after induction tempering is significantly higher than that after traditional tempering. The differences in the microstructures of tubes after induction and traditional tempering were compared by metallographic microscope,scanning electron microscopy,and transmission electron microscopy.Theoretical analysis was also performed. Compared with traditional tempering,a fine dispersion of precipitated carbides occurs after induction tempering,which is the main reason for the performance differences.

Abugomry Induction Heater Design to Study the Thermal Properties of Magnetic Nanoparticles

In this project a new simple induction heater design （Abugomry） operated at low power and low frequency 100w/100kHz was made. The thermal properties of three different MNPs （magnetic nano particles） were studied by Abugomry induction heater. The high temperatures of MNPs （47, 46 and 50） ℃, the heating rate （0.030, 0.025 and 0.028） ℃/min and the specific absorption rate （126, 115 and 105） W/g for the （α-Fe2O3, Fe3O4 and CoFe2O4） MNPs respectively, these results were suitable to use these MNPs in MHT （magnetic hyperthermia treatment）. The results accrue from Abugomry of these MNPs that it＇s agree with the published results of the same MNPs, which were studied by induction heater operated at high/medium power and frequency.

Investigation of Thermal Losses in a Soft Magnetic Composite Using Multiphysics Modelling and Coupled Material Properties in an Induction Heating Cell

The complex interaction between material properties in an induction heating circuit was studied by multi physics simulation and by experimental verification in a full-scale laboratory heater. The work aims to illustrate the complexity of the system of interacting materials, but also to propose a method to verify properties of soft magnetic composite materials in an integrated system and to identify which properties are the most critical under different circumstances and load cases. Heat losses at different loads were primarily studied, from DC currents to AC currents at 15, 20 and 25 kHz, respectively. A FE model for magnetic simulation was correlated with a corresponding model for heat simulation. The numerical model, as well as the established input material data, could be verified through the experimental measurements. In this particular study, the current loss in the litz wire was the dominant heat source, thus making the thermal conductivity of the SMC the most important property in this material.

Nickel-coated Steel Stud to Aluminum Alloy Joints Made by High Frequency Induction Brazing

Nickel-coated 45 steel studs and 6061 aluminum alloy with 4047 A1 alloy foil as filler metal were joined by using high frequency induction brazing. The microstrueture of Fe/A1 brazed joint was studied by means of optical microscopy （OM）, scanning electron microscope （SEM）, energy dispersive X-ray （EDX）, and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. Results showed that 45 steel stud and 6061 aluminum alloy could be successfully joined by high frequency induction brazing with proper processing parameters. The bonding strength of the joint was of the order of 88 MPa. Ni coating on steel stud successfully avoided the generation of Fe-AI intermetallic compound which is brittle by blocking the contact between A1 and Fe. Intermetallic compounds, i e, AI3Ni2, AlmNi0.9 and A10.3Fe3Si0.7 presented in AI side, FeNi and Fe-A1-Ni ternary eutectic structure were formed in Fe side. The micro-hardness in intermetallic compound layer was 313 HV. The joint was brittle fractured in the intermetallic compounds layer of A1 side, where plenty of A13Ni2 intermetallie compounds were distributed continuously.

Investigations of high-frequency induction hardening process for piston rod of shock absorber

The microhardness of piston rods treated with different induction hardening processes was tested. The experimental results reveal that the depth of the hardened zone is proportional to the ratio of the moving speed of the piston rod to the output power of the induction generator. This result is proved correct through the Finite Element Method (FEM) simulation of the thermal field of induction heating. From tensile and impact tests, an optimized high frequency induction hardening process for piston rods has been obtained, where the output power was 82%×80 kW and the moving speed of workpiece was 5364 mm/min. The piston rods, treated by the optimized high frequency induction hardening process, show the best comprehensive mechanical performance.

感应加热温度对滚珠丝杠用S55C钢微观组织及力学性能的影响

为了优化感应淬火工艺参数,改善滚珠丝杠表面硬度和力学性能,研究了滚珠丝杠用S55C钢的感应淬火工艺.利用自行设计的感应加热工装对滚珠丝杠用S55C钢试样进行感应淬火处理,使用光学显微镜和扫描电子显微镜进行微观结构表征,并采用拉伸试验、金相实验和显微硬度测试,分析了感应加热温度对试样的微观组织、显微硬度和断口形貌等方面的影响.结果表明:油冷时,当试样加热至960℃左右,微观组织为均匀细小马氏体,维氏硬度约为750,抗拉强度约为1200 MPa;水冷时,当试样加热至860℃左右,微观组织也为均匀细小马氏体,维氏硬度约为800,抗拉强度约为780 MPa;油冷试样和水冷试样在室温拉伸时所展现的断裂方式均为脆性断裂,油冷试样多表现出解理断裂特征,而水冷试样沿晶断裂特征更明显,并出现明显的冰糖状断裂形貌.该研究结果可为滚珠丝杠用S55C钢感应淬火工艺的设计提供理论依据和技术指导.

热处理对薄壁TA1焊管高频感应焊接接头显微组织和力学性能的影响

首先对壁厚0.4 mm的薄壁TA1焊管进行高频感应焊接,随后,在不同温度下对焊接接头进行5 min的热处理。利用光学显微镜和扫描电镜分析了热处理前后焊接接头的显微组织,并对焊接接头的力学性能进行了测试。结果表明:热处理使TA1焊管焊接接头的显微组织和力学性能发生显著变化,当热处理温度为600℃时,焊接接头发生了完全再结晶,晶粒细小,抗拉强度略有下降,塑性增强,拉伸断口呈典型的韧性断裂特征,这主要是针状马氏体消失和细晶强化所致。

高频感应熔覆NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦学性能研究

为增强金属材料表面的耐磨性能,采用高频感应熔覆技术,在HT300基底表面制备出NiTiFe合金涂层;利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、能谱仪(EDS)、显微硬度计和X射线衍射仪(XRD)对NiTiFe合金涂层的微观组织、元素组成、硬度、相组成和与基底的结合情况进行表征与分析;通过摩擦磨损试验机对涂层的摩擦学性能进行测试,对其摩擦磨损机制进行分析。结果表明:涂层组织致密,无裂缝和空隙,成型质量良好,平均厚度达到0.7 mm,与HT300基底实现了冶金结合;涂层中主要包含Fe2Ti、Fe6.94Ti0.36和Ni3Fe三种相,Fe元素的加入使涂层的晶格发生畸变,硬度提高,平均硬度达到997.36HV,约为HT300基底平均硬度值的5倍。通过摩擦磨损试验发现,试验前期,NiTiFe合金涂层与对摩副之间的摩擦因数较低,维持在0.2左右,对摩副的失效导致摩擦副之间的接触形式发生改变,摩擦因数产生阶跃;随着载荷的增加,涂层上呈现的磨痕宽度在不断增加,对摩副由于磨损造成的材料去除后暴露出的面积也在不断增大。摩擦磨损试验后,NiTiFe合金涂层摩擦表面光滑平整,仅出现了轻微的磨粒磨损,磨损体积远小于对摩副,表现出优良的耐摩擦磨损性能。

超薄壁黄铜散热器扁管高频感应焊接接头的组织和性能

采用高频感应焊接技术对0.13 mm壁厚的H65黄铜扁管进行焊接,利用光学显微镜、扫描电镜、电子探针、电子背散射衍射、显微硬度仪以及拉伸实验对焊接接头的微观组织和力学性能进行了研究。结果表明:高频感应焊接H65黄铜扁管的焊接接头无裂纹、气孔等缺陷,焊缝区没有出现Zn的大量蒸发。焊接接头的抗拉强度达到400 MPa,达到母材的94%,伸长率为33.89%,与母材接近;焊接接头的显微硬度呈W型分布,熔合区最高,母材区次之,热影响区最小。焊接过程的挤压作用导致焊缝位错密度增加,产生加工硬化,是影响焊接接头硬度分布的主要原因;与母材相比,焊接接头的显微组织得到明显的细化,平均晶粒尺寸为1μm,是母材的50%,小角度晶界增加到了72%,大角度晶界下降到了28%,其中孪晶界下降到2%,进一步提高了焊接接头的力学性能。

低温HiB钢全流程组织、织构演变及成品磁性能

以低温高磁感取向硅钢(HiB钢)全流程生产过程中各工序段的热轧板、常化板、冷轧板、脱碳渗氮板和成品板为研究对象,采用光学显微镜、X射线衍射仪(XRD)和电子背散射衍射仪(EBSD)表征其组织与织构,分析低温HiB钢生产全流程组织与织构的演变规律,探究其对低温HiB钢成品板磁性能的影响。结果表明:低温HiB钢热轧板、常化板的组织和织构在厚度方向上存在显著差异,Goss晶粒起源于热轧板1/4次表层,热轧板与常化板的织构种类相同,仅织构强度存在差异,中心层主要织构为{118}<110>;冷轧板为纤维状变形组织,形成了较强的α纤维织构和γ纤维织构,{111}<110>的织构强度最高,为14.4;脱碳渗氮板以α^(*)纤维和γ纤维织构为主,分别集中在{114}<481>和{111}<112>处,Goss晶粒周围主要为{114}<481>和{111}<112>取向晶粒,尺寸小于其他晶粒,不具有数量和生长优势。磁性能为B_(8)≥1.89 T,P_(1.7/50)≤0.97 W/kg的成品板Goss晶粒发展完善,晶粒尺寸达到厘米级,晶界呈锯齿状,Goss织构锋锐;磁性能为B_(8)=1.83 T,P_(1.7/50)=1.27 W/kg的成品板中多为异常长大的非高斯与高斯位向偏离角较大的取向晶粒,且晶界光滑;大部分晶粒未发生二次再结晶的成品板组织为细晶组织,磁性能B_(8)=1.77 T,P_(1.7/50)=1.48 W/kg。

3.3%Si高强无取向电工钢再结晶组织演变及其对性能的影响

探究3.3%Si高强无取向硅钢再结晶组织与织构的演变及其对磁性能与力学性能的影响规律与机理。借助光学显微镜,扫描电镜分析冷轧-退火在不同阶段再结晶组织与织构,利用磁性能设备测试铁损与磁感应强度,万能拉伸试验机测试力学性能。结果表明,3.3%Si高强无取向硅钢冷轧后组织沿轧向呈纤维状分布,主要织构是{001}<110>织构,在900℃退火30s发生部分再结晶,随着退火时间的延长,纤维状组织消失,得到等轴状铁素体,晶粒尺寸由7.8μm增大到25.1μm,{111}<112>与{111}<110>织构逐渐增强,退火时间为240s时,形成了较强的{114}<481>织构,该织构能对织构有一定的抑制作用。实验钢在900℃退火120s时,磁性能与力学性能均最佳,屈服强度为527MPa,高频铁损P_(1.0/400)为18.79W/kg,磁感应强度B_(5000)为1.644T。

大肠杆菌焦磷酸酶的表达及其酶学性质研究

该研究通过聚合酶链式反应(PCR)扩增克隆大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli)Rosetta(DE3)的焦磷酸酶(PPase)基因,采用无缝克隆技术构建焦磷酸酶表达载体pET-28a-ppa,并转化至感受态E.coliRosetta(DE3),构建重组菌株E.coli PPa.采用单因素试验对其诱导表达条件进行优化,并进一步采用镍离子磁珠纯化重组PPas,研究其酶学性质。结果表明,成功构建重组菌株E.coliPPa,当异丙基-β-D硫代半乳糖苷(IPTG)诱导浓度、诱导温度和诱导时间分别为0.4 mmolL、20℃和8h时,重组PPase活性达到最高,为129.05 IU/mL,是优化前的3.14倍。重组PPase的理论分子质量为19.7kDa;最适反应温度和pH分别为55℃和9,在温度10~30℃及pH 7.0~9.0范围内稳定;金属离子K^(+)、Mg^(2+)和Na^(+)可极显著性提高该酶活性(P<0.01),而Mn^(2+)和Zn^(2+)对该酶有极显著抑制作用(P<0.01);重组PPase的动力学参数米氏常数(K_(m)值)为3.58 μmol/mL、最大反应速率(V_(max)值)为314.66μmol/(mL·min),催化常数(K_(cat)值)为87300.56S^(-1),半失活时间为10 min。该研究为后续工业化生产PPase及对该酶的理性设计提供依据。

低碳钢中高密度超细纳米第二相粒子的快速获取

一般熔炼过程中,非金属化合物以夹杂物的形式存在,对钢的力学性能和寿命都会有损害.当夹杂物尺寸小到纳米量级,从而在钢中形成高密度分布的纳米第二相颗粒却能够有效同时提升钢的强度和韧性.本文通过在熔炼过程中施加动态磁场,制备了Fe–0.04C–1.5Mn–0.5Ti–0.5Al_(2)O_(3)(Fe–TAMO)钢,然后通过轧制和退火处理实现对Fe–TAMO钢的晶粒尺寸优化和等轴化.透射电镜观察发现铸态组织中弥散分布着纳米第二相粒子,密度为3.3×10^(15)m^(-2),颗粒的平均直径为2.75±0.803 nm.通过EDS能谱分析,第二相颗粒为Ti–Al–Mn氧化物.利用万能试验机分别测试了铸态、轧制态以及退火态Fe–TAMO钢的压缩力学性能,铸态Fe–TAMO钢的晶粒尺寸为143μm,抗压屈服强度为150 MPa,约为铸态纯铁素体钢的2倍.经过轧制和退火处理,Fe–TAMO钢的晶粒尺寸减小为64μm,抗压屈服强度为334 MPa.该方法极大简化了工艺流程,实现了在短时间(约3 min)内将超细的纳米第二相粒子均匀分散在钢基体中,密集分布的第二相纳米颗粒有效提高了钢的强度,并且通过后续热处理能进一步提升钢的力学性能,为大批量生产高性能钢提供了一个新思路.

脱氧剂Cu-10P对真空熔铸Cu-10Sn-3Pb-4Ni合金微观组织和力学性能的影响

Cu-10Sn-3Pb-4Ni合金由于较高的Sn含量以及凝固组织中存在硬脆δ-Cu41Sn11相,具备较高的强度、硬度和耐磨性,广泛应用于具有高速滑动摩擦场景的机械部件中。本文通过真空感应熔炼Cu-10Sn-3Pb-4Ni合金,采用光学显微镜、X射线及荧光探伤对添加脱氧剂Cu-10P前后Cu-10Sn-3Pb-4Ni合金的组织和力学性能进行测试表征。结果表明,添加0.05%(质量分数)脱氧剂Cu-10P后,铸锭组织更加均匀,树枝晶的生长更加充分,δ相的生长得到抑制。铸锭的边缘抗拉强度由323 MPa提升到了342 MPa,断后伸长率由12.5%提升到了16.5%;铸锭芯部抗拉强度由300 MPa提升到了324 MPa,断后伸长率由11%提升到了19%。

Thermochemical Nonequilibrium 2D Modeling of Nitrogen Inductively Coupled Plasma Flow

Two-dimensional（2D） numerical simulations of thermochemical nonequilibrium inductively coupled plasma（ICP） flows inside a 10-kW inductively coupled plasma wind tunnel（ICPWT） were carried out with nitrogen as the working gas.Compressible axisymmetric NavierStokes（N-S） equations coupled with magnetic vector potential equations were solved.A fourtemperature model including an improved electron-vibration relaxation time was used to model the internal energy exchange between electron and heavy particles.The third-order accuracy electron transport properties（3rd AETP） were applied to the simulations.A hybrid chemical kinetic model was adopted to model the chemical nonequilibrium process.The flow characteristics such as thermal nonequilibrium,inductive discharge,effects of Lorentz force were made clear through the present study.It was clarified that the thermal nonequilibrium model played an important role in properly predicting the temperature field.The prediction accuracy can be improved by applying the 3rd AETP to the simulation for this ICPWT.

Transversal Flux Scanning Induction Heating of Magnetic Nonlinear Steel Sheets With Temperature Dependent Properties

This paper deals with finite element study of the scanning induction heating of the magnetic steel sheets in transversal flux devices,taking into account the magnetic nonlinearity and the dependence on temperature of steel properties.The decrease of the non-uniformity of the transversal profile of sheet heating as effect of the magnetic or electromagnetic screening of the sheet lateral sides was proved.

Fatigue Properties Improvement of Low-Carbon Alloy Axle Steel by Induction Hardening and Shot Peening:A Prospective Comparison

Fatigue fracture is the major threat to the railway axle, which can be avoided or delayed by surface strengthening. In this study, a low-carbon alloy axle steel with two states was treated by surface induction hardening and shot peening, respectively, to reveal the mechanism of fatigue property improvement by microstructure characterization, microhardness measurement, residual stress analysis, roughness measurement, and rotary bending fatigue tests. The results indicate that both quenching and tempering treatment can effectively improve the fatigue properties of the modified axle steel. In addition, induction hardening can create an ideal hardened layer on the sample surface by phase transformation from the microstructure of ferrite and pearlite to martensite. By comparison, shot peening can modify the microstructure in surface layer by surface severe plastic deformation introducing a large number of dislocation and even cause grain refinement. Both induction hardening and shot peening create compressive residual stress into the surface layer of axle steel sample, which can effectively reduce the stress level applied to the metal surface during the rotary bending fatigue tests. On the whole, the contribution of induction hardening to the fatigue life of axle steel sample is better than that of the shot peening, and induction hardening shows obvious advantages in improving the fatigue life of axle steel.

热诱导下小麦蛋白结构与功能性质变化研究进展

小麦蛋白作为具有独特黏弹性的植物蛋白,在食品加工领域中应用广泛。加热是食品加工过程中常见的工艺过程,温度及物理协同作用是影响小麦蛋白结构及功能特性的主要因素,而热诱导下小麦蛋白的结构和功能性质的变化决定着小麦制品及小麦蛋白制品的品质,此外热加工体系中其他物质的加入对于增强小麦蛋白结构功能特性、丰富小麦蛋白制品种类及改善其品质发挥重要作用。本文综述了小麦蛋白的面筋蛋白网络和凝胶的形成机制,概述了不同热诱导方式如温度(温和热诱导和过热蒸汽热处理)、物理协同热诱导(挤压热诱导和超声处理)对小麦蛋白结构、功能性质及其加工制品品质的影响,介绍了热诱导加工体系中小麦蛋白与其他动植物蛋白、多糖、水分及盐离子的相互作用机制以及其产品加工的应用和品质变化,并针对小麦蛋白主要组分麦醇溶蛋白和麦谷蛋白对热诱导小麦蛋白结构、功能及产品品质的影响进行了分析和展望,以期为改善小麦蛋白在食品加工中的应用及品质改善提供理论参考。