Towards the performance limit of catenary meta-optics via field-driven optimization

Catenary optics enables metasurfaces with higher efficiency and wider bandwidth,and is highly anticipated in the imaging system,super-resolution lithography,and broadband absorbers.However,the periodic boundary approximation without considering aperiodic electromagnetic crosstalk poses challenges for catenary optical devices to reach their performance limits.Here,perfect control of both local geometric and propagation phases is realized through field-driven optimization,in which the field distribution is calculated under real boundary conditions.Different from other optimization methods requiring a mass of iterations,the proposed design method requires less than ten iterations to get the efficiency close to the optimal value.Based on the library of shape-optimized catenary structures,centimeter-scale devices can be designed in ten seconds,with the performance improved by ~15%.Furthermore,this method has the ability to extend catenary-like continuous structures to arbitrary polarization,including both linear and elliptical polarizations,which is difficult to achieve with traditional design methods.It provides a way for the development of catenary optics and serves as a potent tool for constructing high-performance optical devices.

A Novel Method for Aging Prediction of Railway Catenary Based on Improved Kalman Filter

The aging prediction of railway catenary is of profound significance for ensuring the regular operation of electrified trains.However,in real-world scenarios,accurate predictions are challenging due to various interferences.This paper addresses this challenge by proposing a novel method for predicting the aging of railway catenary based on an improved Kalman filter(KF).The proposed method focuses on modifying the priori state estimate covariance and measurement error covariance of the KF to enhance accuracy in complex environments.By comparing the optimal displacement value with the theoretically calculated value based on the thermal expansion effect of metals,it becomes possible to ascertain the aging status of the catenary.To improve prediction accuracy,a railway catenary aging prediction model is constructed by integrating the Takagi-Sugeno(T-S)fuzzy neural network(FNN)and KF.In this model,an adaptive training method is introduced,allowing the FNN to use fewer fuzzy rules.The inputs of the model include time,temperature,and historical displacement,while the output is the predicted displacement.Furthermore,the KF is enhanced by modifying its prior state estimate covariance and measurement error covariance.These modifications contribute to more accurate predictions.Lastly,a low-power experimental platform based on FPGA is implemented to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.The test results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the compared method,showcasing its superior performance.

Trajectory compensation for multi-robot coordinated lifting system considering elastic catenary of the rope

The multi-robot coordinated lifting system is an unconstrained system with a rigid and flexible coupling.The deformation of the flexible rope causes errors in the movement trajectory of the lifting system.Based on the kinematic and dynamic analysis of the lifting system,the elastic catenary mod-el considering the elasticity and mass of the flexible rope is established,and the effect of the deform-ation of the flexible rope on the position and posture of the suspended object is analyzed.According to the deformation of flexible rope,a real-time trajectory compensation method is proposed based on the compensation principle of position and posture.Under the lifting task of the low-speed move-ment,this is compared with that of the system which neglects the deformation of the flexible rope.The trajectoy of the lifting system considering the deformation of flexible rope.The results show that the mass and elasticity of the flexible rope can not be neglected.Meanwhile,the proposed trajectory compensation method can improve the movement accuracy of the lifting system,which verifies the ef-fectiveness of this compensation method.The research results provide the basis for trajectory plan-ning and coordinated control of the lifting system。

Geometry deviation effects of railway catenaries on pantograph– catenary interaction: a case study in Norwegian Railway System

This paper presents a non-contact measurement of the realistic catenary geometry deviation in the Norwegian railway network through a laser rangefinder.The random geometry deviation is included in the catenary model to investigate its effect on the pantograph–catenary interaction.The dispersion of the longitudinal deviation is assumed to follow a Gaussian distribution.A power spectrum density represents the vertical deviation in the contact wire.Based on the Monte Carlo method,several geometry deviation samples are generated and included in the catenary model.A lumped mass pantograph with flexible collectors is employed to reproduce the high-frequency behaviours.The stochastic analysis results indicate that the catenary geometry deviation causes a significant dispersion of the pantograph–catenary interaction response.The contact force standard deviations measured by the inspection vehicle are within the scope of the simulation results.A critical cut-off frequency that covers 1/16 of the dropper interval is suggested to fully describe the effect of the catenary geometry deviation on the contact force.The statistical minimum contact force is recommended to be modified according to the tolerant contact loss rate at high frequency.An unpleasant interaction performance of the pantograph–catenary can be expected at the catenary top speed when the random catenary geometry deviation is included.

Dynamic Properties of Steel Catenary Riser near Touchdown Point Under Coplanar Vessel Heave and Vortex Induced Vibration

The present study establishes a simple numerical model for the coupled response of a steel catenary riser(SCR) subjected to coplanar vessel motion and vortex-induced vibration(VIV). Owing to the large deflection of the SCR, the geometric nonlinearity is considered in this model. The hydrodynamic force comprises the excitation force and hydrodynamic damping, where the excitation force that only exists when the non-dimensional frequency is located in the lock-in range, is associated with the VIV. The hydrodynamic force model is validated based on the published VIV test data.As for the seabed resistance at the touchdown zone(TDZ), integrated with an initial seabed trench, the hysteretic feature is modeled. Based on the model, the study emphasizes on the coupled response characteristics near the touchdown point(TDP) induced by coplanar vessel heave and VIV, and analyzes the sensitivity of the coupled response to the heaving amplitude and frequency. It is found that with the increase of the heave amplitude and frequency, the VIV can be obviously mitigated, but the heave-related response in the coupled analysis seems to be close to that in the heave-only simulation. Finally, the fatigue damage near TDP is parametrically investigated based on the separate analysis and the coupled analysis. The results demonstrate that the coupled effect plays a significant role in the fatigue assessment near TDP. Besides, the proportion of the coupled effect accounting for the total fatigue damage decreases with the increasing seabed stiffness, while increases with the increasing seabed trench depth.

环境温度对地铁刚性接触网弹性与弓网受流质量影响研究

近年来全国地铁大面积发生弓网异常磨耗事件,特别是冬季异常磨耗已然成为常态,2022年全国有30余条地铁线路出现此现象,经济损失达数亿元。为了研究环境温度对弓网关系的影响,文章首先建立了某地铁线路刚性接触网有限元模型,计算得到环境温度-20~20℃下接触网刚度曲线,并分析了环境温度对接触网刚度影响规律;然后,构建地铁变刚度弓网耦合动力学模型,依据EN 50119等标准验证了其准确性,并计算了环境温度(-20~20℃)、列车运行速度(40~90 km/h)、受电弓静抬升力(70~160 N)、定位线夹卡滞工况下的弓网接触力,着重分析了环境温度对弓网接触力、弓网受流质量的影响规律。结果表明:环境温度与弓网接触力、受流质量具有强正相关性,当环境温度低于0℃时,弓网受流指标将严重恶化;线夹卡滞会对弓网接触力、受流质量带来恶劣影响,而且行车速度越高影响越大。

环境风下高铁双弓-网系统动态受流特性研究

为了研究环境风对高速铁路双弓-网系统动态受流性能的影响,首先,以位于我国西部大风区的兰新高铁为研究对象,基于模态分析法建立双弓-网耦合系统模型;其次,运用空气动力学理论推导作用于接触网线索上的环境风载荷;然后,考虑横风向空气阻尼的影响,探究空气阻尼作用下双弓受流特性;最后,采用4阶自回归(autoregression,简称AR)模型建立接触网沿线脉动风场,着重分析风速和风攻角对双弓受流的影响。结果表明:横风向空气阻尼对双弓受流产生的影响较小;脉动风下风速越大则风向越趋于垂向,双弓受流性能更易恶化;后弓受流性能相较前弓对风速和风攻角的变化更加敏感。双弓-网系统风振响应分析可为优化风环境下弓网受流质量和接触网防风参数设计提供参考。

蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能研究

目的研究蜂窝梁柱子结构的抗连续性倒塌性能,为工程应用提供设计依据。方法基于拆除构件法,应用ABAQUS有限元分析软件建立蜂窝梁柱子结构与实腹梁柱子结构模拟模型,研究在中柱失效作用下的结构性能,分析孔型、开孔率和首孔距离等参数对蜂窝梁柱子结构抗连续性倒塌性能的影响。结果蜂窝梁柱子结构相比于实腹梁柱子结构的峰值承载力增长64.26%,所对应的位移增长73.57%;蜂窝梁良好的成铰机制使悬链线效应发展更充分;孔型、开孔率、首孔距离对其破坏模式、峰值荷载、悬链线效应发展程度均具有一定影响。结论蜂窝梁柱子结构具有良好的抗连续性倒塌能力,孔型宜为圆形或六边形,开孔率宜取40%~60%,首孔距离宜取0.75~1.0倍梁截面高度。

深度学习的接触网小目标缺陷识别研究

吊弦线夹螺栓是铁路接触网供电线路的重要器件,其状态会影响电力机车受流质量,于是对SSD算法进行改进:首先引入一种轻量级神经网络MobileNetV3用于前端特征提取,降低模型复杂度,以提高检测速度;其次采用CA注意力机制替换反向残差结构线性瓶颈层的SE模块,使位置信息沿空间两个方向聚合,调整后的特征层能够捕获全局远程特征信息;最后设计了特征融合模块以重构特征层,优化小目标检测层以提高对小目标的识别效果。还用CycleGAN等方法扩充训练样本,解决数据集不足的问题。实验结果表明,改进算法的模型复杂度下降,mAP@0.5和FPS分别达到95.5%和81 fps,该研究有助于接触网检测仪器向小型移动嵌入式设备转变。

刚性架空接触网弓网动态检测探讨

刚性架空接触网设备安装精度要求高,且基本设置在环境相对复杂的隧道内。为确保设备良好工作状态,本文通过对刚性架空接触网检测依据、项目进行分析,对实际检测数据进行对比,提出了有效的刚性架空接触网检测方法,为后期隧道内刚性架空接触网相关设计提供参考。

索-悬链线拱联合结构的受力机理与力学特征

早期拱桥已运营多年,缺乏有效的养护,且设计荷载等级偏低;随着交通量的增加及车辆超载,其在活载作用下的力学性能已不能满足现代交通需求。为改善此类拱桥的受力性能,提出一种索-悬链线拱联合结构,在拱肋两侧对称设置索,使索和拱肋形成新的受力体系,从而改变悬链线拱结构的传力路径,进而降低拱结构的内力。在索-拱联合结构图式下,基于弹性中心法对其力法方程进行简化,采用近似曲线积分方法推导了竖向移动荷载作用下拱肋的内力解析解,并借助ANSYS有限元软件验证解析解的准确性;分析了在车道荷载作用下索约束位置、拱轴系数、矢跨比和轴向刚度比等设计参数对拱结构的影响,揭示了索-拱联合结构的受力机理和内力变化规律。研究表明,内力解析解与有限元结果的相对误差在1%以内;索的设置改变了拱结构弯矩影响线量值的正、负区间分布,而且有效地降低了拱结构弯矩影响线的峰值,从而使拱结构的整体弯矩得到较大幅度的降低,弯矩分布更均匀;沿拱脚至拱顶,拱结构弯矩的降低幅度和轴力的增长幅度均逐渐减小;轴向刚度比从0.02增加至0.10,拱脚负弯矩的减小幅度呈非线性增大,最大降幅达63.7%;索力的增长幅度与其数值大小成反比,当索设置在距拱顶0.3L(L为拱跨经)时,索力可增至轴向刚度比为0.02时的1.9倍。矢跨比对拱结构内力带来的影响不容忽视,矢跨比越大拱结构的内力变化幅度越大;拱轴系数对拱结构内力的影响可以忽略。

大西高铁牵引供电系统提速方案研究

研究目的:大西高铁线下工程按时速350 km设计,时速250 km开通运营,拟提速至时速300 km。确定提速改造方案需对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备状况进行评估及校验,结合牵引负荷增长需求,按5 min、4 min追踪间隔对全线牵引网电压水平和接触网有效电流进行研究,通过牵引供电设施分布、牵引变压器容量和其他设备容量分析,确定设备补强方案;通过弓网仿真研究确定接触网系统张力,进而校核接触网基础容量及零部件的适应性并确定改造方案。研究结论:(1)经对既有牵引供电系统供电能力及设备仿真分析,既有供电设施分布满足提速要求,除西安北牵引变电所牵引变压器安装容量满足要求外,其余牵引变电所均需增容改造;(2)牵引变电所配电装置维持既有布置方案,对容量不满足要求的电流互感器和导线进行扩容改造;(3)接触悬挂线材维持既有型号,正线额定张力调整至28.5 kN+21 kN,同步改造部分接触网零部件;(4)本研究成果可为高速铁路牵引供电系统提速、达速及提质等类似工程提供借鉴和参考。

稀疏可变形卷积与高分辨率融合的接触网螺栓病害检测

列车长期运行产生的震动易导致接触网螺栓处于松动、脱落等不良状态,接触网取流异常会严重影响行车安全。针对高速铁路接触网螺栓病害检测时,易受复杂背景干扰及螺栓松动病害难以检测等问题,提出一种稀疏可变形卷积与高分辨率融合的接触网螺栓病害检测方法。首先,构建稀疏动态可变形卷积构成的特征提取网络,通过增大感受野范围,来捕捉不同尺度下螺栓的形状特征,加强模型对螺栓小尺寸对象特征的提取能力。然后,设计高分辨率特征金字塔融合模块,将螺栓深层特征和浅层特征的高分辨率特征图进行充分融合,提高多尺度特征图的利用率。其次,提出基于连通域统计的螺栓松动判别方法,通过统计被截断螺栓的连通域个数,完成螺栓松动病害状态检测。最后,由高速铁路接触网螺栓检测试验得出:所提方法可以准确检测螺栓的缺失和松动病害,且具有较高的检测精度,相比改进前Mask R-CNN检测方法准确率增加了41.4个百分点、召回率增加了27.3个百分点、像素精确度提升28.11个百分点、F1-score达83.4%。同时,对接触网螺栓网络模型的检测效率进行试验,较Mask R-CNN的浮点计算效率提升了36.23%。对不同场景下接触网螺栓检测对比试验表明,所提方法具有良好的适应性和精确度,对于螺栓松动和缺失病害检测提供了更为准确的方法,对后期接触网智能化检测具有一定的参考意义。

基于移动三维激光扫描技术的地铁隧道接触网导高检测新方法

[目的]地铁隧道内接触网导高是保证列车正常受电的重要参数,需定期进行检测。针对其他导高检测方式存在的误差大、精度低的问题,需提出基于移动三维激光扫描技术的地铁隧道接触网导高检测新方法。[方法]基于移动三维激光扫描技术提出了导高检测的新方法,分析了误差来源;提出通过在移动式三维激光扫描仪上增设刚性倾斜组件来改变扫描仪激光线入射角度,进而减少隧道断面点云模型的毛刺数量,并采用等角兰勃特投影来获取隧道真实点云模型。与导高仪检测结果进行对比,以验证其导高检测精度是否满足相关要求。[结果及结论]基于移动式三维激光扫描技术建立的隧道断面点云模型存在毛刺,是因激光脚点垂直入射接触网发生散射和漫反射导致的。增加倾斜组件,可有效减少隧道断面点云模型的毛刺数量。移动式三维激光扫描仪与导高仪的导高检测数据对比结果表明,基于移动式三维激光扫描技术的导高检测精度基本在±3 mm以内,能够满足相关规范对导高检测的精度要求。

大跨度吊装机器人绳索张力及工作空间求解

针对大跨度吊装机器人的绳索存在悬链线效应的问题开展研究。首先,绳索为直线模型,建立机器人的运动学和动力学模型。其次,绳索存在重力,大跨度绳索为悬链线模型,为了求解悬链线模型中的绳索张力,采用二次规划方法求解绳索张力优化解。在静力学方程基础上,求得吊装机器人的力可达工作空间和力封闭工作空间。最后,通过MATLAB进行仿真验证,仿真结果表明,力可达工作空间小于力封闭工作空间。比较两种模型的绳长,第1根绳索的长度变化最大,绳索张力较小时,绳索自重不容忽略。

高速铁路接触网弹性吊索疲劳仿真研究

为研究弹性吊索的服役状态与疲劳寿命,对高铁接触网出现的弹性吊索断线现象进行调研并开展疲劳研究。基于武广高铁的线路设计参数构建了弓网动态仿真模型,对300 km/h速度下的弹性吊索振动状态进行分析。由于受电弓运行通过时对接触悬挂的抬升作用,弹性吊索主要沿竖直方向振动,并在线夹位置不断承受交变弯曲载荷。在UG软件中建立了弹性吊索绞线(1×7)及其线夹的实体模型并将其导入到LS-DYNA软件中进行了应力载荷计算;其应力集中位置位于弹性吊索与其线夹连接处。将应力历程数据导入到ANSYS nCode DesignLife软件中分析弹性吊索在指定载荷下的疲劳寿命。最后,根据Miner累积损伤原则计算了300 km/h运行速度下武广高铁弹性吊索的疲劳寿命为4.58×10^(6)弓架次;当运行速度增加至350 km/h时,疲劳寿命为1.17×10^(6)弓架次;当运行速度增加至400 km/h时,疲劳寿命为4.80×10^(5)弓架次。

融合图卷积与多尺度特征的接触网点云语义分割

准确的接触网语义分割结果对于接触网组件提取和几何参数检测具有重要的意义。实际上,接触网场景复杂,部件之间的尺寸差异较大,并且存在着较多语义信息接近且相连的部件,导致现有的深度学习方法难以高精度地完成接触网点云语义分割任务。基于上述问题,本文提出一种基于图卷积和多尺度特征的神经网络GDM-Net。该网络包含基于图的局部特征提取器,增强了对接触网点云局部特征提取;双重通道注意力模块,同时兼顾了接触网点云的全局和显著特征的提取;多尺度特征融合的细化模块,通过提取并融合接触网的多尺度信息,提升了分割精度。受益于上述几个模块,该网络提升了对于接触网部件交界处的点云分割能力。基于接触网数据集对该方法进行定性和定量的验证分析,GDM-Net相较于5种其他的点云深度学习方法,精度最高,OA、mIoU和F 1值这3个精度指标分别可以达到96.73%,91.06%和95.28%。定性比较表示,本文提出的网络可以有效减少部件连接部分的错分问题,提高接触网部件分割的完整性。

检修接地不平衡传输条件对轨道电路的影响研究

为分析在接触网检修接地时,由单根轨条和回流线短接产生的不平衡条件对25 Hz相敏轨道电路的影响,在六端网络的基础上建立轨道电路不平衡传输模型,通过仿真计算和对比,得到在不平衡传输条件下,信号接收端轨面电压的衰减和扼流变压器上不平衡牵引电流,随道床泄漏导纳、单轨条接地位置、吸上与横向连接设置变化的关系,并利用实验数据和现象验证计算结果。结合实际案例中检修接地的不平衡传输条件导致轨道电路“红光带”问题,给出其产生原因,并验证上述理论。给出减少不平衡传输条件对轨道电路造成影响的方法,尽可能避免该类型“红光带”问题的出现。

接触网承力索集中荷载测量方法

为分析接触网承力索静止与振动状态下的线索形状与集中荷载对应关系.采用抛物线法对静止状态的承力索进行找形计算,通过构建振动微分方程和使用傅里叶变换计算振动状态下的承力索形状;结合受力分析,并根据牛顿第二定律推导静止与振动状态下承力索集中荷载的公式,在获取静态与振动状态下集中荷载处位移变化后,可以通过该公式求解集中荷载;在实验室搭建的振动试验台上对测量方法进行了检验.检验结果表明:静态时的绝对误差为0.20%,主振频率为1 Hz及2 Hz振动状态下的绝对误差百分比均在0.50%以内;采用机器视觉获取集中荷载处静态位置与振动位移数据,进而实现承力索集中荷载非接触测量的方法是可行的.

典型气候环境对弓网动态耦合特性的影响研究

研究目的:针对复杂的气候环境对电气化铁路受电弓-接触网系统的影响展开讨论,重点围绕环境温度、横风和覆冰条件三个方面对弓网系统动态耦合性能影响的研究现状和进展进行阐述,并针对目前的研究,展望了关于复杂气候条件下弓网关系在后续应该重点关注的研究方向和发展趋势。研究结论:(1)结合弓网受流过程的动力学特性,丰富环境与电弧温度场的传递特性,加深横风、覆冰条件下接触网振动特性研究;(2)建立多物理场耦合的弓网模型与仿真,充分考虑温度、机械系统、流体和电流等多场耦合效应;(3)改进现有的检测手段与检测算法,及时预测和识别环境因素对弓网系统造成的故障;(4)开发抑制横风引起接触网舞动的装置,研究接触网防冰和除冰技术,减小横风、覆冰对弓网动态受流性能的影响;(5)本研究成果可为弓网关系研究方向提供参考。