Catgut implantation at acupoints increases the expression of glutamate aspartate transporter and glial glutamate transporter-1 in the brain of rats with spasticity after stroke

Catgut implantation at acupoints has been shown to alleviate spasticity after stroke in rats.However,the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood.In this study,we used the rat middle cerebral artery occlusion model of stroke.Three days after surgery,absorbable surgical catgut sutures were implanted at Dazhui（GV14）,Jizhong（GV6）,Houhui,Guanyuan（CV4）and Zhongwan（CV12）.The Zea Longa score was used to assess neurological function.The Modified Ashworth Scale was used to evaluate muscle tension.The 2,3,5-triphenyl-tetrazolium chloride assay was used to measure infarct volume.Immunohistochemical staining was performed for glutamate aspartate transporter（GLAST）and glial glutamate transporter-1（GLT-1）expression.Western blot assay was used to analyze the expression of GLAST and GLT-1.Reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction were carried out to assess the expression of GLAST and GLT-1m RNAs.After catgut implantation at the acupoints,neurological function was substantially improved,muscle tension was decreased,and infarct volume was reduced in rats with spasticity after stroke.Furthermore,the expression of GLAST and GLT-1 m RNAs was increased on the injured（left）side.Our findings demonstrate that catgut implantation at acupoints alleviates spasticity after stroke,likely by increasing the expression of GLAST and GLT-1.

CATGUT IMPLANTATION AT ACUPOINT FOR PROTECTION FROM INJURY OF SPATIAL MEMORY IN THE RAT OF CONTINUATIVE ILLUMINATION

Objective To observe the injury of spatial memory in the rat of continuative illumination and the protection of catgut implantation at Nèiguān （内关 PC6） from the injury. Methods After training for 7 days in Morris＇s water maze of 4 quadrants, on the 8th day, 48 male Wistar rats of clear grade were randomly divided into a normal group, a model group, a melatonin （MT） group and a catgut implantation group, 12 rats each group. The spatial injury in the rats was induced by continuative and long-term （24 h and 42 days） illumination, and at the same time, they were treated with catgut implantation at Nèiguān （内关 PC6） and intraperitoneal injection of MT; changes of spatial memory ability and ultrastructures of the neurons of the hippocampus were detected by Morris＇s water maze and transmission electron microscope, respectively. Results The searching platform latency （SPL） in the Morris＇s water maze in the model group significantly prolonged as compared with that before modeling （P〈0.05）, and after treatment it was significantly shortened in the MT group and the catgut implantation group as compared with the model group （both P 〈 0.05）, but with no significant differences as compared with that before treatment （both P 〉0.05）. Mitochondria, synapses, axes and vascular endothelium in the hippocampus in the model group were injured in varying degrees, but a less injury was found in the MT group and the catgut implantation group which was similar to that in the normal group. Conclusion Catgut Implantation at Nèiguān （1内关 PC6） can protect from the injury of spatial memory in the rat of continuative illumination.

Catgut Implantation at Baliao and Xingfu One Acupuncture Point to Treat Dysdefecation in Patients with Incomplete Spinal Cord Injury: Three Cases Report

Objective: To probe into the effect of catgut implantation at Baliao and Xingfu One Acupuncture Point on dysdefecation in patients with incomplete spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods: Three SCI patients voluntarily accepted catgut embedding at Baliao and Xingfu One Acupuncture point. Before and after treatment, they were filled out the self-rating scale of defecation, including the data of defecation frequency, total defecation time, defecation effort, fecal texture, fecal characteristics and fecal incontinence, etc. Results: Compared with the baseline data, constipation was improved and fecal incontinence was disappeared. Conclusions: Catgut implantation at Baliao and Xingfu One Acupuncture Point is effectual for patients with neurogenic dysporia secondary to incomplete SCI.

Observation of the clinical effects of catgut implantation at acupoints on postpartum obesity with insulin resistance

To observe the effect of catgut implantation at acupoints on the treatment of patients with postpartum obesity and insulin resistance.Methods:A total of 120 patients with postpartum obesity and insulin resistance were randomly divided into treatment and control groups(60 patients per group).The treatment group was administered catgut implantation at acupoints while the control group received acupuncture alone for 12 weeks.The patients’body parameters,including body mass index(BMI),waist-to-hip ratio(WHR),fat percentage(FP),fasting blood glucose(FPG),fasting insulin(FINS),insulin resistance index(HOMA-IR),total cholesterol(TC),triglycerides(T),high-density lipoprotein(HDL-C),low-density lipoprotein(LDL-C),and other biochemical indexes of blood lipids,were compared before and after treatment to investigate the efficacy of catgut implantation and acupuncture on postpartum obesity with insulin resistance.Results:The overall response rates were 93.33%and 85%in the treatment and control groups,respectively.After treatment,BMI,WHR,FP,FINS,HOMA-IR,TC,TG,and LDL-C decreased,HDL-C increased(P<0.05),and FPG did not change significantly(P>0.05)in both groups;however,the changes in the treatment group were superior to those in the control group(P<0.05).Conclusion:Both catgut implantation and acupuncture therapy showed good effects on improving postpartum obesity with insulin resistance.The therapeutic effect of catgut implantation on postpartum obesity was better than that of acupuncture therapy,and was therefore worthy of clinical application.

Influence of catgut implantation at acupoints on splenic lymphocyte nuclear factor (NF-κB p65) and correlated signaling molecules (β2AR) in rats with experimental colitis

Objective To investigate the mechanisms of catgut implantation at acupoints on ulcerative colitis. Methods Eighteen SD rats were randomly divided into a normal control group （NC）, a model group （MO） and a catgut implantation group （CI） with 6 rats in each group. Animals in group MO and group CI were treated by trinitro-benzene-sulfonic acid （TNBS） to establish model with colitis. No other treatment was given to the rats in group MO, but catgut was implanted at ＂Shàngjùxū＂ （上 巨虚 ST 37）, ＂Tiānshū＂ （天枢 ST 25） and ＂Dàchángshū＂ （大肠俞 BL 25） in the rats in group CI. The symptoms of diarrhea and bloody stool, and changes in histopathology were detected 15 days after the treatment. Expressions of splenic lymphocyte nuclear factor κB p65（NF-κB p65）and correlated signaling molecules（β2AR）were detected by the western blot method. Results Diarrhea and mucus bloody purulent stool were soon controlled, and mucous injures were obviously improved in group CI. The NF-κB p65 value of splenic lymphocytes was signifi cantly increased （P0.01） and expression of β2AR remarkably reduced in group MO （P0.01）, compared with group NC. But, the NF-κB p65 value was significantly decreased （P0.01） and expression of β2AR remarkably increased in group CI （P 0.01） , compared with group MO. Conclusion Catgut implantation at acupoints is obviously effective in treating experimental colitis. Modulation of NF-κB p65 and the correlated signaling molecules β2AR may be involved in the mechanisms.

Catgut Implantation at Acupoints for Allergic Rhinitis:A Systematic Review

Objective： To assess the effectiveness and the possible adverse effects of catgut implantation at acupoints for allergic rhinitis （AR）. Methods： This systematic review was carried out in accordance with the Cochrane Handbook version 5.1.0 and the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analyses statement. Extensive literature searches were conducted in PubMed, Excerpta Medical Databases, the Cochrane Library, the China National Infrastructure, Wanfang Chinese Digital Periodical and Conference Database, and the Weipu Chinese Science and Technique Journals Database. The Chinese Clinical Trial Registry Center was also searched for ongoing trials up to September 2012. Randomized controlled trials （RCTs） or quasi-RCTs were included. Risk of bias assessment was performed using the Cochrane tool for assessing risk of bias. Results： Five RCTs with 285 participants were found from 49 relevant studies, but there was just one RCT which met the inclusion criteria for this review. The study showed that treatment of catgut implantation at acupoints could lead to a better alleviation of the signs and symptoms of AR than the crude herb moxibustion. No adverse events were reported in this study. Conclusions： Because of the methodological shortcoming and the risk of bias of the included trial catgut implantation was proved with only limited evidence for the treatment of AR. Robust RCTs with high quality and larger sample size in this field are hoped to be carried out in the future.

CLINICAL STUDY ON TREATMENT OF INFANTILE PRIMARY EPILEPSY WITH ACUPOINT CATGUT-IMPLANTATION THERAPY

Aim: To observe the therapeutic effect of acupoint catgut implantation therapy in the treatment of infantile primary epilepsy. Methods: A total of 63 cases of primary epilepsy children were randomly divided into medication group (n=32) and acupoint catgut implantation group (n=31) and treated respectively with Sodium Valproate 5-10 mg/kg/d and catgut implantation at Changqiang (GV 1), Jiuwei (CV 15), bilateral Xinshu (BL 15) and bilateral Zusanli (ST 36). Results: Following 60 days of treatment, the abnormal changes of electroencephlogram (EEG), the seizure frequency and duration and clinical symptoms were improved apparently in comparison with those of pre treatment, but no significant differences were found between the two groups (P>0.05). There was a significant difference between two groups in the cure rate of the short term effect (P<0.05), with the therapeutic effect of the treatment group being superior to that of medication group. Conclusion: Acupoint catgut implantation therapy has a good therapeutic effect in the treatment of primary infantile epilepsy.