Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂C...Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂Cathedral＂ is the title story of Carver＇s outstanding collection Cathedral. The story relates that the narrator through the visit of his wife＇s blind friend eliminates the prejudice and goes out of shell of closed-off ignorance. Carver employs precise and concise language to develop plot and reveal characters＇ mind and sets tensions leading to character＇s epiphany. Through the setting of tensions, the achievement of epiphany, and the precise and concise narrative language, Carver makes fullness out of a minimalist style of writing.展开更多
Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This ...Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This article aims to compare, through religious symbolism, structural forms and architectural spaces, two sacred monuments： The cathedral of Brasilia （1958-1967） and the stupa of the Tibetan Buddhist Center, inaugurated in 2006. The millenary construction form of the stupa, one of the primordial sacred structures for all Buddhism traditions, the sacred symbol of enlightenment, must obey some construction rules according to its lineage＇s Buddhist tradition. In this way, the stupa is the opposite of a strong and fearless structural form embodied in the cathedral, with its 16 revolution hyperboloid concrete pillars and its subterranean entrance. Although built in concrete both are unusual forms of architecture with distinct spatial conception and sculptural form structures. While respecting religious differences, it is noticeable a real commitment between form and structure, volume and religious symbolism. At the conclusion, it is perceivable how distinct forms--the Cathedral and the Stupa--can respond in analog manners to the necessity of a gathering space where visitors go in search of expressing their faith. Along with them, Buddhism and Catholicism are rooted in Brazil＇s new capital.展开更多
一、两本书
1997年，论文《大教堂与集市（The Cathedral and the Bazaar）》成为一篇挑战教义神权的战斗檄文。从那之后，开源与闭源的战火就从未熄灭过。那些日子里，一些教堂里的圣人也偶尔地裹了头帕，装成市贩的样子到集市中去探...一、两本书
1997年，论文《大教堂与集市（The Cathedral and the Bazaar）》成为一篇挑战教义神权的战斗檄文。从那之后，开源与闭源的战火就从未熄灭过。那些日子里，一些教堂里的圣人也偶尔地裹了头帕，装成市贩的样子到集市中去探探行情；一些小贩们也变成了信众，走进教堂在胸口画下十字。展开更多
In the present study, improving acoustical characteristics of a Gothic cathedral （Myeong-dong Cathedral, which is the first built Western Gothic-style architecture in Korea） using simple public address system were i...In the present study, improving acoustical characteristics of a Gothic cathedral （Myeong-dong Cathedral, which is the first built Western Gothic-style architecture in Korea） using simple public address system were investigated. Acoustical measurements were conducted at 11 selected points inside the cathedral and seven acoustical parameters were calculated： sound pressure level （SPL）： 64.6 dBA （the measurement value with regard to the omni-directional speaker sound source）; 74.5 dBA （the measurement value with regard to the public address speaker sound source）, early decay time （EDT）： 4.04 s; 3.76 s, reverberation time （RT6o）： 3.58 s; 3.89 s, clarity （Cso）： -6.2 dB; -2.8 dB, definition （D50）： 18%; 29%, initial time delay gap （ITDG）： 47 ms; 23 ms, and rapid speech transmission index （RASTI）： 32%; 42%. Parameters showed that the acoustical characteristics of a typical Gothic cathedral include rich reverberation and diffusive sound fields. Meanwhile, there was improved speech intelligibility when using simple public address system. Based on subjective evaluation, there was overall satisfaction with voice and music recognition and the highest satisfaction with clarity with respect to voice recognition and with reverberation with respect to music recognition. This is a good solution of optimized acoustic environment through harmony between natural reverberation and reinforced clarity using simple public address system.展开更多
文摘Raymond Carver, American short story writer and poet is a major force in the revitalization of the short story in the ! 980s. Carver＇s writing permeates idiographic techniques and evocative insights into reality. ＂Cathedral＂ is the title story of Carver＇s outstanding collection Cathedral. The story relates that the narrator through the visit of his wife＇s blind friend eliminates the prejudice and goes out of shell of closed-off ignorance. Carver employs precise and concise language to develop plot and reveal characters＇ mind and sets tensions leading to character＇s epiphany. Through the setting of tensions, the achievement of epiphany, and the precise and concise narrative language, Carver makes fullness out of a minimalist style of writing.
文摘Brasilia, born of the urban plan by Lficio Costa and of the unexpected concrete structural forms designed by Oscar Niemeyer, knew how to adapt to the new forms that came from the country＇s religious syncretism. This article aims to compare, through religious symbolism, structural forms and architectural spaces, two sacred monuments： The cathedral of Brasilia （1958-1967） and the stupa of the Tibetan Buddhist Center, inaugurated in 2006. The millenary construction form of the stupa, one of the primordial sacred structures for all Buddhism traditions, the sacred symbol of enlightenment, must obey some construction rules according to its lineage＇s Buddhist tradition. In this way, the stupa is the opposite of a strong and fearless structural form embodied in the cathedral, with its 16 revolution hyperboloid concrete pillars and its subterranean entrance. Although built in concrete both are unusual forms of architecture with distinct spatial conception and sculptural form structures. While respecting religious differences, it is noticeable a real commitment between form and structure, volume and religious symbolism. At the conclusion, it is perceivable how distinct forms--the Cathedral and the Stupa--can respond in analog manners to the necessity of a gathering space where visitors go in search of expressing their faith. Along with them, Buddhism and Catholicism are rooted in Brazil＇s new capital.
文摘一、两本书
1997年，论文《大教堂与集市（The Cathedral and the Bazaar）》成为一篇挑战教义神权的战斗檄文。从那之后，开源与闭源的战火就从未熄灭过。那些日子里，一些教堂里的圣人也偶尔地裹了头帕，装成市贩的样子到集市中去探探行情；一些小贩们也变成了信众，走进教堂在胸口画下十字。
文摘In the present study, improving acoustical characteristics of a Gothic cathedral （Myeong-dong Cathedral, which is the first built Western Gothic-style architecture in Korea） using simple public address system were investigated. Acoustical measurements were conducted at 11 selected points inside the cathedral and seven acoustical parameters were calculated： sound pressure level （SPL）： 64.6 dBA （the measurement value with regard to the omni-directional speaker sound source）; 74.5 dBA （the measurement value with regard to the public address speaker sound source）, early decay time （EDT）： 4.04 s; 3.76 s, reverberation time （RT6o）： 3.58 s; 3.89 s, clarity （Cso）： -6.2 dB; -2.8 dB, definition （D50）： 18%; 29%, initial time delay gap （ITDG）： 47 ms; 23 ms, and rapid speech transmission index （RASTI）： 32%; 42%. Parameters showed that the acoustical characteristics of a typical Gothic cathedral include rich reverberation and diffusive sound fields. Meanwhile, there was improved speech intelligibility when using simple public address system. Based on subjective evaluation, there was overall satisfaction with voice and music recognition and the highest satisfaction with clarity with respect to voice recognition and with reverberation with respect to music recognition. This is a good solution of optimized acoustic environment through harmony between natural reverberation and reinforced clarity using simple public address system.
