Prticle-in-cell（PIC） simulations demonstrated that,when the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output（MDO） is applied with a 410 kV voltage pulse,or when the relativistic magnetron with radial output is appli...Prticle-in-cell（PIC） simulations demonstrated that,when the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output（MDO） is applied with a 410 kV voltage pulse,or when the relativistic magnetron with radial output is applied with a 350 kV voltage pulse,electrons emitted from the cathode with high energy will strike the anode block wall.The emitted secondary electrons and backscattered electrons affect the interaction between electrons and RF fields induced by the operating modes,which decreases the output power in the radial output relativistic magnetron by about 15%（10%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）,decreases the anode current by about 5%（5%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）,and leads to a decrease of electronic efficiency by 8%（6%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）.The peak value of the current formed by secondary and backscattered current equals nearly half of the amplitude of the anode current,which may help the growth of parasitic modes when the applied magnetic field is near the critical magnetic field separating neighboring modes.Thus,mode competition becomes more serious.展开更多
Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RP...Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN are related to the bulk plasma parameters and the device＇s geometry.Therefore,the effects of different electron-extraction apertures and operational parameters upon the electron-extraction characteristics are investigated according to the global nonambipolar flow and sheath model.Moreover,these models can also be used to explain why the electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN strongly depend upon the formation of the anode spot.During the experimental study,two types of anode spots are observed.Each of them has unique characteristics of electron extraction.Moreover,the hysteresis of an anode spot is observed by changing the xenon volume-flow rates or the bias voltages.In addition,the rapid ignited method,gas-utilization factor,electron-extraction cost and other factors that need to be considered in the design of the RPN are also discussed.展开更多
目的 对海洋平台导管架外加电流阴极保护设计通电点的选择等问题进行分析,为海洋平台导管架阴极保护设计提供指导。方法 利用BEASY CP数值模拟软件,通过数值模拟计算方法对导管架外加电流阴极保护系统设计的基础问题进行了研究,包括保...目的 对海洋平台导管架外加电流阴极保护设计通电点的选择等问题进行分析,为海洋平台导管架阴极保护设计提供指导。方法 利用BEASY CP数值模拟软件,通过数值模拟计算方法对导管架外加电流阴极保护系统设计的基础问题进行了研究,包括保护对象的确定、通电点的设置、辅助阳极选型和阳极数量及安装位置等。结果 导管架外加电流阴极保护设计时,若只考虑海水浸渍部分,则无法使导管架海水和海泥部分均得到有效保护。设置通电点时,考虑电阻（1.01×10-6Ω/m）和不考虑电阻两种情况下导管架的保护电位相近,绝对误差不超过1 m V,通电点的位置对保护效果影响较小。阴极保护输出电流为17 A时,三种不同直径（300、600、900 mm）辅助阳极阴极保护系统的保护相近,保护电位在803~899.2 m V（vs.CSE）之间。三种不同阳极设计方案的输出电流分别为17、17、16.5 A,对应的保护效果分别为803.34~899.20 m V（vs.CSE）、802.96~850.64 m V（vs.CSE）、800.36~848.26 m V（vs.CSE）。2#阳极的保护效果比1#阳极的保护效果均匀,两支阳极方案在最低保护效果下所需电流比单支阳极更小且保护更均匀。结论 设计外加电流阴极保护系统时,应当充分考虑与待保护对象相连接的所有金属结构物。对于小型导管架而言,金属电阻对导管架外加电流阴极保护系统的电位分布影响很小,因此通电点的选择较容易。外加电流阴极保护系统设计时应考虑电流密度对辅助阳极的消耗影响,选取适当尺寸的阳极。通过数值模拟方法,可以优化阳极数量和位置,从而实现保护电流较小且保护效果更均匀,并满足一定的经济性要求。展开更多
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.61302010)the Foundation of Science and Technology on High Power Microwave Laboratory,Central University Foundation(2013KW07)Work at the University of New Mexico in USA was supportedby ONR Grant N00014-13-1-0565
文摘Prticle-in-cell（PIC） simulations demonstrated that,when the relativistic magnetron with diffraction output（MDO） is applied with a 410 kV voltage pulse,or when the relativistic magnetron with radial output is applied with a 350 kV voltage pulse,electrons emitted from the cathode with high energy will strike the anode block wall.The emitted secondary electrons and backscattered electrons affect the interaction between electrons and RF fields induced by the operating modes,which decreases the output power in the radial output relativistic magnetron by about 15%（10%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）,decreases the anode current by about 5%（5%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）,and leads to a decrease of electronic efficiency by 8%（6%for the axial output relativistic magnetron）.The peak value of the current formed by secondary and backscattered current equals nearly half of the amplitude of the anode current,which may help the growth of parasitic modes when the applied magnetic field is near the critical magnetic field separating neighboring modes.Thus,mode competition becomes more serious.
基金supported by the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.XDB23030100)
文摘Inductively coupled radio-frequency（RF） plasma neutralizer（RPN） is an insert-free device that can be employed as an electron source in electric propulsion applications.Electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN are related to the bulk plasma parameters and the device＇s geometry.Therefore,the effects of different electron-extraction apertures and operational parameters upon the electron-extraction characteristics are investigated according to the global nonambipolar flow and sheath model.Moreover,these models can also be used to explain why the electron-extraction characteristics of the RPN strongly depend upon the formation of the anode spot.During the experimental study,two types of anode spots are observed.Each of them has unique characteristics of electron extraction.Moreover,the hysteresis of an anode spot is observed by changing the xenon volume-flow rates or the bias voltages.In addition,the rapid ignited method,gas-utilization factor,electron-extraction cost and other factors that need to be considered in the design of the RPN are also discussed.
文摘目的 对海洋平台导管架外加电流阴极保护设计通电点的选择等问题进行分析,为海洋平台导管架阴极保护设计提供指导。方法 利用BEASY CP数值模拟软件,通过数值模拟计算方法对导管架外加电流阴极保护系统设计的基础问题进行了研究,包括保护对象的确定、通电点的设置、辅助阳极选型和阳极数量及安装位置等。结果 导管架外加电流阴极保护设计时,若只考虑海水浸渍部分,则无法使导管架海水和海泥部分均得到有效保护。设置通电点时,考虑电阻（1.01×10-6Ω/m）和不考虑电阻两种情况下导管架的保护电位相近,绝对误差不超过1 m V,通电点的位置对保护效果影响较小。阴极保护输出电流为17 A时,三种不同直径（300、600、900 mm）辅助阳极阴极保护系统的保护相近,保护电位在803~899.2 m V（vs.CSE）之间。三种不同阳极设计方案的输出电流分别为17、17、16.5 A,对应的保护效果分别为803.34~899.20 m V（vs.CSE）、802.96~850.64 m V（vs.CSE）、800.36~848.26 m V（vs.CSE）。2#阳极的保护效果比1#阳极的保护效果均匀,两支阳极方案在最低保护效果下所需电流比单支阳极更小且保护更均匀。结论 设计外加电流阴极保护系统时,应当充分考虑与待保护对象相连接的所有金属结构物。对于小型导管架而言,金属电阻对导管架外加电流阴极保护系统的电位分布影响很小,因此通电点的选择较容易。外加电流阴极保护系统设计时应考虑电流密度对辅助阳极的消耗影响,选取适当尺寸的阳极。通过数值模拟方法,可以优化阳极数量和位置,从而实现保护电流较小且保护效果更均匀,并满足一定的经济性要求。
