Dynamic Expression of Hyperpolarization-activated Cyclic Nucleotide-gated Cation Channel 4 Involved in Microwave Induced Pacemaker Cell Injuries

To investigate the mechanisms of microwave induced pacemaker cell injuries, Wistar rats and the primary pacemaker cells of newborn Wistar rats were exposed to microwave at average power density of 50 mW/cm2. Slower spontaneous beating rate, intercellular Ca2＋ aggregation and cell membrane perforation were detected immediately after the exposure. Moreover, hyperpolarizationactivated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 4 （HCN4） was down-regulated immediately after the exposure and up-regulated at 12 h after the exposure. In the sinoatrial node （SAN） of the rats,

MLKL forms cation channels

The mixed lineage kinase domain-like(MLKL)protein is a key factor in tumor necrosis factor-induced necroptosis.Recent studies on necroptosis execution revealed a commitment role of MLKL in membrane disruption.However,our knowledge of how MLKL functions on membrane remains very limited.Here we demonstrate that MLKL forms cation channels that are permeable preferential y to Mg2+rather than Ca2+in the presence of Na+and K+.Moreover,the N-terminal domain containing six helices(H1-H6)is sufficient to form channels.Using the substituted cysteine accessibility method,we further determine that helix H1,H2,H3,H5 and H6 are transmembrane segments,while H4 is located in the cytoplasm.Finally,MLKL-induced membrane depolarization and cell death exhibit a positive correlation to its channel activity.The Mg2+-preferred permeability and five transmembrane segment topology distinguish MLKL from previously identified Mg2+-permeable channels and thus establish MLKL as a novel class of cation channels.

MLKL forms cation channels

OBJECTIVE To investigate how MLKL functions on the membrane and explore its electrophysiological characters and structure.METHODS The full-length human MLKL were expressed in SF21 cells and purified using glutathione-sepharose affinity chromatography.The currents of purified MLKL proteins were recorded in avoltage-clamp mode using a Warner BC-535 bilayer clamp amplifier.The currents were digitized using p CLAMP 10.2 software.HEK293 cells were cultured and transfected with MLKL plasmid.Cell viability was examined using the Cell Titer-Glo Luminescent Cell Viability Assay kit.RESULT MLKL forms cation channels that are permeable preferentially to Mg2+rather than Ca2+in the presence of Na+and K+.Moreover,each MLKL monomer contains five transmembrane helices:H1,H2,H3,H5 and H6 of the N-terminal domain which is sufficient to form channels.Finally,MLKL-induced membrane depolarization and cell death exhibit a positive correlation to its channel activity.

Involvement of hyperpolarization-activated,cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channels in dorsal root ganglion in neuropathic pain

Dorsal root ganglion(DRG)neurons have peripheral terminals in skin,muscle,and other peripheral tissues,andcentral

Blockade of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1 promotes regeneration after sciatic nerve injury

The transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily V member 1（TRPV1） provides the sensation of pain（nociception）. However, it remains unknown whether TRPV1 is activated after peripheral nerve injury, or whether activation of TRPV1 affects neural regeneration. In the present study, we established rat models of unilateral sciatic nerve crush injury, with or without pretreatment with AMG517（300 mg/kg）, a TRPV1 antagonist, injected subcutaneously into the ipsilateral paw 60 minutes before injury. At 1 and 2 weeks after injury, we performed immunofluorescence staining of the sciatic nerve at the center of injury, at 0.3 cm proximal and distal to the injury site, and in the dorsal root ganglia. Our results showed that Wallerian degeneration occurred distal to the injury site, and neurite outgrowth and Schwann cell regeneration occurred proximal to the injury. The number of regenerating myelinated and unmyelinated nerve clusters was greater in the AMG517-pretreated rats than in the vehicle-treated group, most notably 2 weeks after injury. TRPV1 expression in the injured sciatic nerve and ipsilateral dorsal root ganglia was markedly greater than on the contralateral side. Pretreatment with AMG517 blocked this effect. These data indicate that TRPV1 is activated or overexpressed after sciatic nerve crush injury, and that blockade of TRPV1 may accelerate regeneration of the injured sciatic nerve.

Wenyang Huazhuo Fang exerts transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member-dependent nephroprotection in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced nephropathy

OBJECTIVE:To determine the effect of Wenyang Huazhuo Fang(WHF),a Traditional Chinese Medicine decoction,on renal function in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced nephropathy,and to elucidate the underlying mechanism.METHODS:Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into six groups:control,doxorubicin-nephropathy,and prednisone-treated(6.45 mg·kg^-1·d^-1)doxorubicin nephropathy groups,as well as high-(7.26 g·kg^-1·d^-1),medium-(2.42 g·kg-1·d-),and low-dose(0.81 g·kg^-1·d^-1)WHF-treated doxorubicin-nephropathy groups.The nephropathy rat model was established by two tail vein injections of doxorubicin,followed by prednisone or WHF treatment for 8 weeks.Body weights were monitored and urinary protein was measured every 2 weeks.After the end of the treatment period,the rats were euthanized.Serum biochemical indicators were determined and renal morphological alterations were assessed using histological staining.The expression of transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily C member 6(TRPC6),stromal interaction molecule 1(STIM1),and calcium release-activated calcium channel protein 1(Orai1)was detected using western blotting,and their mRNA levels were examined using quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction.RESULTS:WHF treatment was found to significantly ameliorate weight loss,proteinuria,hypoalbuminemia,and dyslipidemia in doxorubicin-nephropathy rats.The protein and mRNA levels of TRPC6,STIM1,and Orai1 were partially,but significantly suppressed by prednisone or WHF treatment.CONCLUSION:Treatment with WHF significantly ameliorates renal injury in a rat model of doxorubicin-induced nephropathy,which could be at least partially related to repression of the TRPC6 pathway.

Identification of TRPM7 channels in human intestinal interstitial cells of Cajal

AIM:To investigate the characteristics of slow elec-trical waves and the presence of transient receptor potential melastatin-type 7(TRPM7)in the human gas-trointestinal(GI)tract.METHODS:Conventional microelectrode techniques were used to record intracellular electrical responses from human GI smooth muscle tissue.Immunohisto-chemistry was used to identify TRPM7 channels in in-terstitial cells of Cajal(ICCs).RESULTS:The human GI tract generated slow electri-cal waves and had ICCs which functioned as pacemak-er cells.Flufenamic acid,a nonselective cation channel blocker,and 2-APB(2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate)and La3+,TRPM7 channel blockers,inhibited the slowwaves.Also,TRPM7 channels were expressed in ICCs in human tissue.CONCLUSION:These results suggest that the human GI tract generates slow waves and that TRPM7 chan-nels expressed in the ICCs may be involved in the gen-eration of the slow waves.

线粒体氧化应激及m6A表观遗传调控TRPC6钙通道在肾病综合征发病中的作用研究

目的 初步探讨N6-甲基腺嘌呤(m6A)表观遗传修饰瞬时受体电位阳离子通道6(TRPC6)通道失调在肾病综合征发病中的作用及潜在机理。方法 按照随机数字表法将小鼠足细胞分为4组:对照组、叔丁基对苯二酚(TBHQ)组、嘌呤霉素氨基核苷(PAN)处理组、TBHQ+PAN处理组。对照组为正常完全培养液,TBHQ组培养液中加入10 nmol/L TBHQ,PAN处理组培养液中加入PAN 50μg/mL,TBHQ+PAN处理组培养液中加入10 nmol/L TBHQ以及PAN 50μg/mL,刺激24 h收集细胞。应用膜片钳证实PAN损伤诱导TRPC6通道激活机理及1,4,5-肌醇三磷酸(IP3)受体拮抗剂TBHQ对电流的影响,检测对照组、PAN处理组、TBHQ组和TBHQ+PAN处理组细胞TRPC6通道电流变化。通过葡萄糖氧化酶(GO)建立足细胞氧化应激模型。另外按照随机数字表法将足细胞分为4组:空白对照组、GO组、姜黄素组、姜黄素+GO组。GO组给予GO 3.5 kU/L,姜黄素组给予Nrf2激动剂(姜黄素)40μmol/L,姜黄素+GO组给予姜黄素40μmol/L和GO 3.5 kU/L处理,给药处理8~12 h后收集细胞。检测各组Nrf2和特异性调控蛋白NAD(P)H:醌氧化还原酶1(NQO-1)、TRPC6及Transgelin蛋白和线粒体调控蛋白表达变化。通过SRAMP对TRPC6通道m6A位点进行精准预测,对PAN诱导足细胞损伤模型公共数据库GSE124622进行2次生物信息学分析。结果 对照组与TBHQ组电流比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与对照组比较,PAN处理组电流升高,而TBHQ+PAN组电流减小,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,GO组Nrf2、NQO-1、TRPC6及Transgelin蛋白表达均升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01);与GO组比较,姜黄素+GO组Nrf2、NQO-1、TRPC6及Transgelin蛋白表达均降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。与空白对照组比较,GO组线粒体调控蛋白Mfn2、Opa1蛋白表达均降低,Drp1蛋白表达升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与GO组比较,姜黄素+GO组粒体调控蛋白Mfn2、Opa1蛋白表达升高,Drp1蛋白表达降低,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);空白对照组与姜黄素组TRPC6/Transgelin及线粒体调控蛋白表达比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TRPC6通道序列存在多个m6A修饰位点,均具有被甲基转移酶(METTL)3、METTL14、肾母细胞肿瘤1相关蛋白(WTAP)和去甲基化酶ALKB同源蛋白(ALKBH)、m6A去甲基化酶(FTO)调控的潜在可能。对12个m6A调节基因进行表达分析,发现m6A调节基因的表达在PAN诱导足细胞损伤中发生显著差异。结论 TRPC6介导钙离子内流可被氧化应激激活参与足细胞损伤,激活Nrf2可以减少钙过负荷所致线粒体损伤而保护足细胞。TRPC6序列中存在多个高m6A修饰靶点,肾病综合征发病机理可能通过m6A修饰足细胞TRPC6离子通道,m6A相关调控基因在肾病足细胞损伤中发生明显变化。

桔梗素D通过下调成纤维细胞TRPC6表达改善小鼠肺纤维化

目的探究桔梗素D(PD)对肺纤维化的影响及其机制。方法博来霉素(BLM)气道内滴入构建C57BL/6J小鼠肺纤维化模型,再予PD(10 mg/kg)灌胃,28 d后处死小鼠。分组如下:对照组(control)、BLM(10 mg/kg)模型组、BLM(10 mg/kg)+PD(10 mg/kg)组。肺组织石蜡切片HE染色、免疫组化和天狼星红染色评估小鼠肺组织纤维化程度和瞬时受体电位离子通道亚族C成员6(TRPC6)的表达与分布。Westernblot检测肺组织α-平滑肌肌动蛋白(α-SMA)的表达水平。小鼠原代肺成纤维细胞体外培养,分别用PD、TRPC6抑制剂醋酸落叶松酯(LA)预处理后加入转化生长因子-β1(TGF-β1)刺激细胞,根据加入的TGF-β1和PD浓度不同分组如下:control组、TGF-β1(10 ng/mL)组、PD(2.5μmol/L)+TGF-β1组、PD(5μmol/L)+TGF-β1组和PD(10μmol/L)+TGF-β1组,LA处理分组如下:control组、TGF-β1(10 ng/mL)组和LA(10μmol/L)+TGF-β1组,测定细胞存活率、collagenⅠ、α-SMA和TRPC6的表达水平、活性氧(ROS)生成水平、线粒体膜电位、细胞增殖能力等指标。利用网络药理学方法结合文献分析PD作用于肺纤维化可能通过的机制。结果PD可明显减轻BLM诱导小鼠模型的肺部纤维化程度、减少α-SMA表达(P<0.05)。CCK-8结果显示PD、TGF-β1和LA的最适宜刺激浓度分别是10μmol/L、10 ng/mL和10μmol/L;5-乙炔基-2'-脱氧尿苷(EdU)染色结果显示PD能够有效抑制肺成纤维细胞增殖;2,7-二氯荧光素二乙酸酯(DCFH-DA)染色显示PD能有效减少TGF-β1诱导的细胞ROS生成(P<0.0001);线粒体膜电位检测(Jc-1染色)结果显示PD能有效缓解TGF-β1诱导的细胞线粒体膜电位下降(P<0.001);蛋白电泳结果显示PD能显著抑制TGF-β1诱导的α-SMA和collagenⅠ的表达(P<0.05)。网络药理学结合文献分析发现PD可能通过TRPC6作用于肺纤维化。免疫组织化学结果显示PD明显减轻了BLM诱导的肺组织TRPC6表达。蛋白电泳结果显示PD可明显抑制TGF-β1诱导的TRPC6表达(P<0.05);使用LA可明显抑制细胞TRPC6、α-SMA、collagenⅠ的表达(P<0.05)。结论PD可降低小鼠肺纤维化,其机制可能与下调TRPC6并减少ROS产生有关。

TRPC3对OIR小鼠视网膜和人视网膜血管内皮细胞生物学行为的调控作用

目的探讨瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族C成员3(TRPC3)对氧诱导视网膜病变(OIR)小鼠视网膜和人视网膜血管内皮细胞(HREC)生物学行为的调控作用。方法选取健康SPF级7日龄C57BL/6小鼠32只,采用随机数字表法分为对照组和OIR组,每组16只,其中对照组不做特殊处理,OIR组小鼠诱导OIR模型。出生后第17天(PN17)采用视网膜铺片免疫荧光染色验证模型构建是否成功。将体外培养HREC分为正常对照组、转染试剂组和si-TRPC3组,其中正常对照组不做特殊处理,转染试剂组和si-TRPC3组分别采用转染试剂和转染试剂+si-TRPC3转染。采用实时荧光定量PCR法检测TRPC3 mRNA相对表达量;采用Western blot法检测TRPC3、转录因子NF-E2相关因子(Nrf2)和超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)蛋白相对表达量。另将HREC分为正常对照组、血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)组、si-TRPC3组和Pyr3(TRPC3通道抑制剂)组,分别用完全培养基、含有20 ng/ml VEGF重组蛋白的培养基、含有20 ng/ml VEGF重组蛋白的培养基(si-TRPC3转染72 h)和含有20 ng/ml VEGF重组蛋白+1μmol/L Pyr3的培养基培养48 h,采用细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)检测HREC增生能力;分别采用细胞划痕实验和Transwell实验检测细胞横向和纵向迁移能力。结果PN17时OIR组小鼠视网膜出现病理性新生血管团簇强荧光染色。OIR组小鼠视网膜TRPC3 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量分别为2.057±0.244和1.517±0.290,明显高于对照组的0.983±0.033和0.874±0.052,差异均有统计学意义(t=6.165、3.094,均P<0.05)。si-TRPC3组TRPC3 mRNA和蛋白相对表达量明显低于正常对照组和转染试剂组,Nrf2和SOD蛋白相对表达量明显高于正常对照组和转染试剂组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。CCK-8实验结果显示,VEGF组细胞吸光度(A)值明显高于正常对照组,si-TRPC3组和Pyr3组细胞A值明显低于VEGF组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。细胞划痕实验结果显示,VEGF组细胞横向迁移率高于正常对照组,si-TRPC3组和Pyr3组细胞横向迁移率低于VEGF组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。Transwell实验结果显示,VEGF组染色细胞数明显多于正常对照组,si-TRPC3组和Pyr3组染色细胞数明显少于VEGF组,差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。结论OIR模型小鼠视网膜中TRPC3表达水平升高,下调TRPC3可抑制HREC增生和迁移能力,其机制与Nrf2氧化应激通路激活有关。

TRPV3在皮肤病发生及治疗中的研究进展

瞬时受体电位离子通道香草素3(transient receptor potential vanilloid 3,TRPV3)是一种非选择性阳离子通道蛋白,在皮肤角质形成细胞中表达最为丰富,参与角质形成细胞增殖、皮肤屏障形成、感觉传导、毛发生长等生理过程,对维持皮肤稳态有着重要作用。研究发现TRPV3在特应性皮炎、Olmsted综合征、银屑病等皮肤病的发生发展中起重要作用。本文将对TRPV3在上述皮肤病的发病机制中产生的作用及其未来的临床应用进行综述。

Distribution profiles of transient receptor potential melastatin-related and vanilloid-related channels in prostatic tissue in rat

Aim： To investigate the expression and distribution of the members of the transient receptor potential （TRP） channel members of TRP melastatin （TRPM） and TRP vanilloid （TRPV） subfamilies in rat prostatic tissue. Methods： Prostate tissue was obtained from male Sprague-Dawley rats. Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction （RT-PCR） and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction （PCR） were used to check the expression of all TRPM and TRPV channel members with specific primers. Immunohistochemistry staining for TRPM8 and TRPV1 were also performed in rat tissues. Results： TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPMS, TRPV2 and TRPV4 mRNA were detected in all rat prostatic tissues. Very weak signals for TRPM1, TRPVI and TRPV3 were also detected. The mRNA of TRPM5, TRPV5 and TRPV6 were not detected in all RT-PCR experiments. Quantitative real-time RT-PCR showed that TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPMS, TRPV2 and TRPV4 were the most abundantly expressed TRPM and TRPV subtypes, respectively. Fluorescence immunohistochemistry indicated that TRPM8 and TRPV 1 are highly expressed in both epithelial and smooth muscle cells. Conclusion： Our results demonstrate that mRNA or protein for TRPM1, TRPM2, TRPM3, TRPM4, TRPM6, TRPM7, TRPMS, TRPV1, TRPV2, TRPV3 and TRPV4 exist in rat prostatic tissue. The data presented here assists in elucidating the physiological function of TRPM and TRPV channels.

TRPA1 channel mediates organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy

OBJECTIVE We want to investigate the mechanism of organophosphate-induced delayed neuropathy(OPIDN) and find appropriate therapeutic medicine.OPIDN,often leads to paresthesias,ataxia and paralysis,occurs in the late-stage of acute poisoning or after repeated exposures to organophosphate(OP) insecticides or nerve agents,and may contribute to the Gulf War Syndrome.METHODS FDSS Ca2^(+)-influx assays,single-cell calcium imaging and patch-clamp electrophysiology were the major testing techniques.Transfected HEK293 cells and dorsal root ganglion(DRG) neurons were used to evaluate the effects of compounds.Wild type and trpa1 knockout mice and adult hyline brown hens were used to evaluate the neuropathological damages caused by the OPs.Transmission electron microscopy imaging was used to observe the nerve injuries ultrastructurally.High-throughput screen for TRPA1 inhibitors was accomplished by Ion Works Barracuda(IWB) automated electrophysiology assay.RESULTS TRPA1(Transient receptor potential cation channel,member A1) channel mediates OPIDN.A variety of OPs,exemplified by malathion,activates TRPA1 but not other neuronal TRP channels.Malathion increases the intracellular calcium levels and upregulates the excitability of mouse DRG neurons in vitro.Mice with repeated exposures to malathion also develop local tissue nerve injuries and pain-related behaviors,which resembles the early symptoms of OPIDN.Both the neuropathological changes and the nocifensive behaviors can be attenuated by treatment of TRPA1 antagonist HC030031 or abolished by knockout of Trpa1 gene.In the classic hens OPIDN model,malathion causes nerve injuries and ataxia to a similar level as the positive inducer tri-ortho-cresyl phosphate(TOCP),which also activates TRPA1 channel.Treatment with HC030031 reduces the damages caused by malathion or TOCP.Duloxetine and Ketotifen,two commercially available drugs exhibiting TRPA1 inhibitory activity,show neuroprotective effects against OPIDN and might be used in emergency situations.CONCLUSION TRPA1 is the major mediator of OPIDN and targeting TRPA1 is an effective way for the treatment of OPIDN.

冰片通过TRPM8减轻小鼠心肌梗死后炎症反应并抑制心脏重构

目的:研究冰片(borneol)对小鼠心肌梗死(myocardial infarction,MI)后炎症反应和心脏重构的作用及可能机制。方法:8周龄野生型(wild-type,WT)C57BL/6小鼠和瞬时受体电位阳离子通道M亚家族成员8(transient receptor potential cation channel subfamily M member 8,TRPM8)基因敲除(TRPM8 gene knockout,TRPM8−/−)小鼠随机分为假手术组和MI组,再分别用生理盐水(对照组)或冰片(冰片组)灌胃。绘制小鼠MI后生存曲线,28 d后超声心动图检测心脏功能,多导生理记录仪测量血流动力学参数,病理染色观察MI面积、心肌肥大和间质纤维化,并检测梗死交界区心肌中炎症反应情况。结果:在WT小鼠中,梗死交界区心肌组织中TRPM8表达显著增加(P<0.05),冰片对心脏中TRPM8表达无影响(P>0.05),但可提高小鼠生存率,缩小MI面积,抑制MI后心脏重构,改善心脏功能(P<0.05或P<0.01);在TRPM8−/−小鼠中,冰片对小鼠生存率、MI面积、心肌肥大、心肌纤维化和心脏功能未见明显影响(P>0.05)。在WT小鼠中,冰片可减少中性粒细胞和巨噬细胞的浸润(P<0.01),抑制炎症因子肿瘤坏死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α,TNF-α)、白细胞介素1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)、IL-6和单核细胞趋化蛋白1(monocyte chemotactic protein-1,MCP-1)过度表达(P<0.05或P<0.01);而在TRPM8−/−小鼠中,冰片对炎症细胞数量和炎症因子表达未见明显影响(P>0.05)。结论:TRPM8可能是冰片在心脏的作用靶点;冰片可能通过TRPM8减轻MI后炎症反应和抑制心脏重构,改善小鼠MI后的心脏功能。

壮医莲花针拔罐逐瘀法治疗带状疱疹后神经痛的临床效果及其对TRPV1的影响

目的观察壮医莲花针拔罐逐瘀法治疗带状疱疹后神经痛(PHN)的临床效果,以及对瞬时受体电位阳离子通道亚家族Ⅴ成员1(TRPV1)的影响。方法将96例PHN患者随机分为观察组(n=32)、对照1组(n=32)、对照2组(n=32),分别给予壮医莲花针拔罐逐瘀法治疗、中医针灸围刺治疗、加巴喷丁胶囊口服治疗。治疗后第42天评价3组的临床疗效。在治疗前、治疗后第21天、治疗后第42天,评估3组患者的疼痛视觉模拟量表(VAS)评分,检测其静脉血和穴位血的TRPV1含量及TRPV1 mRNA表达水平。结果治疗后,观察组、对照1组、对照2组总有效率分别为93.75%(30/32)、81.25%(26/32)和68.75%(22/32),观察组的总有效率高于对照2组(P<0.05)。3组患者的疼痛VAS评分随治疗时间的延长而降低(P<0.05),其中,治疗后第42天,对照2组、对照1组、观察组患者的疼痛VAS评分依次降低(P<0.05)。观察组和对照1组的静脉血和穴位血TRPV1含量及TRPV1 mRNA表达水平随着治疗时间延长而降低(P<0.05),其中,治疗后第21天、第42天,对照2组、对照1组、观察组静脉血和穴位血TRPV1含量及TRPV1 mRNA表达水平依次降低(P<0.05)。结论壮医莲花针拔罐逐瘀法治疗PHN疗效显著,镇痛效果优于中医针灸围刺及加巴喷丁胶囊口服治疗,其作用机制可能是通过下调TRPV1的表达来抑制炎症介质进一步释放,从而降低痛觉过敏,缓解疼痛。

Distribution of transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 channels in gastrointestinal tract of patients with morbid obesity

BACKGROUND Transient receptor potential vanilloid-1(TRPV1),a nonselective cation channel,is activated by capsaicin,a pungent ingredient of hot pepper.Previous studies have suggested a link between obesity and capsaicin-associated pathways,and activation of TRPV1 may provide an alternative approach for obesity treatment.However,data on the TRPV1 distribution in human gastric mucosa are limited,and the degree of TRPV1 distribution in the gastric and duodenal mucosal cells of obese people in comparison with normal-weight individuals is unknown.AIM To clarify gastric and duodenal mucosal expression of TRPV1 in humans and compare TRPV1 expression in obese and healthy individuals.METHODS Forty-six patients with a body mass index(BMI)of>40 kg/m^(2) and 20 patients with a BMI between 18-25 kg/m^(2) were included.Simultaneous biopsies from the fundus,antrum,and duodenum tissues were obtained from subjects between the ages of 18 and 65 who underwent esophagogastroduodenoscopy.Age,sex,history of alcohol and cigarette consumption,and past medical history regarding chronic diseases and medications were accessed from patient charts and were analyzed accordingly.Evaluation with anti-TRPV1 antibody was performed separately according to cell types in the fundus,antrum,and duodenum tissues using an immunoreactivity score.Data were analyzed using SPSS 17.0.RESULTS TRPV1 expression was higher in the stomach than in the duodenum and was predominantly found in parietal and chief cells of the fundus and mucous and foveolar cells of the antrum.Unlike foveolar cells in the antrum,TRPV1 was relatively low in foveolar cells in the fundus(4.92±0.49 vs 0.48±0.16,P<0.01,Mann-Whitney U test).Additionally,the mucous cells in the duodenum also had low levels of TRPV1 compared to mucous cells in the antrum(1.33±0.31 vs 2.95±0.46,P<0.01,Mann-Whitney U test).TRPV1 expression levels of different cell types in the fundus,antrum,and duodenum tissues of the morbidly obese group were similar to those of the control group.Staining with TRPV1 in fundus chief cells and antrum and duodenum mucous cells was higher in patients aged≥45 years than in patients<45 years(3.03±0.42,4.37±0.76,2.28±0.55 vs 1.9±0.46,1.58±0.44,0.37±0.18,P=0.03,P<0.01,P<0.01,respectively,Mann-Whitney U test).The mean staining levels of TRPV1 in duodenal mucous cells in patients with diabetes and hypertension were higher than those in patients without diabetes and hypertension(diabetes:2.11±0.67 vs 1.02±0.34,P=0.04;hypertension:2.42±0.75 vs 1.02±0.33,P<0.01 Mann-Whitney U test).CONCLUSION The expression of TRPV1 is unchanged in the gastroduodenal mucosa of morbidly obese patients demonstrating that drugs targeting TRPV1 may be effective in these patients.

电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法检测除盐水系统痕量阳离子

提出了采用电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪(ICP-AES)测量除盐水中Ca、Mg、Al的方法,对分析条件进行优化,并对上述离子的方法检出限、准确度、回收率进行测定与评估。结果表明:ICP-AES法可快速、准确、稳定地测量除盐水中Ca、Mg、Al,其中各离子的方法检出限为Ca 0.5μg/L、Mg 0.5μg/L、Al 2μg/L,各离子的加标回收率在98%~102%,相对标准偏差均小于1.5%。所提方法弥补了3~6号机组除盐水制水系统新增Ca、Mg、Al等阳离子没有专门分析方法的不足,实现了一次进样同时检测多种离子,提高了对田湾核电站二期除盐水系统水质的检测能力,对后续除盐水系统调试、运行期间水质的分析具有重要意义。

Multi-Channel Iterative FDE for Single Carrier Block Transmission over Underwater Acoustic Channels

Recently, single carrier block transmission(SCBT) has received much attention in high-rate phase-coherent underwater acoustic communication.However,minimum-mean-square-error(MMSE) linear FDE may suffer performance loss in the severely time dispersive underwater acoustic channel. To combat the channel distortion, a novel multi-channel receiver with maximum ratio combining and a low complex T/4 fractional iterative frequency domain equalization(FDE) is investigated to improve diversity gain and the bit error rate(BER) performance. The proposed method has been verified by the real data from a lake underwater acoustic communication test in November 2011. At 1.8 km, the useful data rates are around 1500 and 3000 bits/s for BPSK and QPSK respectively. The results show the improvements of system performance. Compared with MMSE FDE system, the output SNR improvement is 6.9 d B, and the BER is from 10-3 to no error bits for BPSK. The output SNR improvement is 5.3 d B, and the BER is from 1.91×10-2 to 2.2×10-4for QPSK.

糖尿病肾病患者血清TRPM7、Sirtuin-1与钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的相关性

目的探讨糖尿病肾病(DN)患者血清瞬时受体电位通道7(TRPM7)、沉默调节蛋白-1(Sirtuin-1)与钙磷代谢、颈动脉钙化的相关性。方法选取2020年12月—2022年11月成都大学附属医院收治的97例DN患者作为DN组,另取同期在该院就诊的120例2型糖尿病患者作为对照组。采用实时荧光定量聚合酶链反应检测血清TRPM7的表达,酶联免疫吸附试验检测血清Sirtuin-1水平。采用Pearson法分析DN患者血清TRPM7、Sirtuin-1水平与钙磷代谢的相关性,并通过多因素Logistic逐步回归模型分析DN患者颈动脉钙化的危险因素。结果DN组血肌酐、尿素氮、血清TRPM7、血磷、颈动脉钙化率高于对照组(P<0.05)。DN组Sirtuin-1、血钙低于对照组(P<0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示,DN患者血清TRPM7与血钙呈负相关(r=-0.247,P=0.000),与血磷呈正相关(r=0.415,P=0.000);DN患者血清Sirtuin-1与血钙呈正相关(r=0.367,P=0.000),与血磷呈负相关(r=-0.505,P=0.000)。钙化组DN患者糖尿病病程、空腹血糖、血肌酐、血磷、TRPM7水平高于非钙化组(P<0.05),血镁、血钙、Sirtuin-1水平低于非钙化组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic逐步回归分析结果显示:血镁≤0.89mmol/L[OR=2.277(95%CI:1.521,3.410)]、TRPM7≥1.41[OR=3.019(95%CI:1.901,4.795)]、Sirtuin-1≤8.81 ng/mL[OR=2.591(95%CI:1.657,4.051)]是DN患者颈动脉钙化的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论DN患者血清TRPM7升高、血清Sirtuin-1降低,两者与钙磷代谢密切相关,且血清TRPM7高表达、Sirtuin-1低表达是DN患者颈动脉钙化的危险因素。

Piezo1在人鼻黏膜及鼻息肉组织中的表达与临床意义

目的目前关于鼻黏膜中Piezo1的表达研究甚少。文中旨在观察Piezo1在人鼻黏膜和鼻息肉中的表达与分布,探讨Piezo1在鼻黏膜正常生理功能中的作用。方法选取2021年8月至2022年9月南京鼓楼医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科行鼻内手术的14例患者的下鼻甲、中鼻甲和鼻息肉组织标本。应用HE染色及免疫组化技术检测Piezo1阳性细胞的表达与分布。应用RT⁃qPCR检测Piezo1在不同部位组织间mRNA表达水平的差异及变化趋势。结果免疫组化染色结果显示,Piezo1在下鼻甲和中鼻甲中阳性细胞的表达(0.44±0.01、0.43±0.03)较鼻息肉阳性细胞的表达(0.27±0.02)显著增加(P<0.001)。RT⁃qPCR检测结果显示,Piezo1在下鼻甲、中鼻甲的mRNA表达水平(1.72±0.21、2.17±0.09)较鼻息肉(1.02±0.19)显著增加(P<0.001)。结论Piezo1在鼻黏膜广泛表达,且下鼻甲和中鼻甲Piezo1的表达较鼻息肉存在明显差异,提示Piezo1与维持人鼻黏膜正常生理功能密切相关。