Flotation of low-grade bauxite using organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant

The flotation of diaspore and three kinds of silicate minerals, including kaolinite, illite and pyrophyllite, using an organosilicon cationic surfactant (TAS101) as collector and starch as depressant was investigated. The results show that both diaspore and aluminosilicate minerals float readily with organosilicon cationic collector TAS101 at pH values of 4 to 10. Starch has a strong depression effect for diaspore in the alkaline pH region but has little influence on the flotation of aluminosilicate minerals. It is possible to separate diaspore from aluminosilicate minerals using the organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant. Further studies of bauxite ore flotation were also conducted, and the reverse flotation separation process was adopted. The concentrates with the mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 of 9.58 and Al2O3 recovery of 83.34% are obtained from natural bauxite ore with the mass ratio of Al2O3 to SiO2 of 6.1 at pH value of 11 using the organosilicon cationic collector and starch depressant.

Influence of Inorganic Salts on the Adsorption of Cationically Modified Starch to Fibers

The article is focused on the influence of inorganic salts on the adsorption of cationically modified starch to fibers. Results show that low concentrations of inorganic salts usually affect the process of adsorption in a positive way. Adsorption efficiency at higher concentrations, however, depends on the type of inorganic salts as well as the sequence of adding inorganic salts and starch to paper suspension.

Preparation of Cationic Starch by Electromagnetic Dry Process (EMDP)

Introduction Cationic starches are a series of products of which various sorts with different properties and usages can all be produced via cationic reactions by using different types of etherification agents under different conditions. As an additive and strengthening agent,

Synthesis, Characterization and Utilization of Starch Hydroxypropyl Sulphate for Cationic Dye Removal

The best conditions for synthesis of starch hydroxypropyl sulphate as per the dry method were firstly established. This was done through a thorough investigation into factors affecting the synthesis including concentrations of both the NaOH catalyst and the 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate along with duration and temperature of the reaction. The resultant newly synthesized 2-hydroxy-3-chloropropyl sulphate was then reacted with starch to obtain starch hydroxypropyl sulphate ultimately. After being characterized by making use of IR spectroscopy analysis and scanning electronic microscope, the starch hydroxypropyl sulphate samples were submitted to evaluation for cationic dye removal using Methylene Blue (MB). Cationic dye removal was studied under a variety of conditions. Factors involved encompass initial dye concentration, duration, sulphur %, pH and adsorbent dose. 100% dye removal could be achieved under certain conditions which were described in the text.

Cs阳离子掺杂对CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿电子性质的影响研究

有机-无机杂化钙钛矿太阳能电池被报道具有极高的功率转换效率,是下一代太阳能电池材料有希望的候选者,但其化学性质极不稳定,在高温高湿条件下易分解.本研究采用无机Cs阳离子取代CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)结构中的CH_(3)NH_(3)有机阳离子,利用第一性原理密度泛函理论,计算了未掺杂CH_(3)NH_(3)PbI_(3)钙钛矿和Cs阳离子掺杂钙钛矿的电子性质.结果表明,适当比例的Cs阳离子掺杂能够增强Pb-I的相互作用力,且Cs阳离子掺杂并未改变钙钛矿直接半导体的属性.Cs阳离子与Pb-I框架之间强的共价相互作用,导致Cs阳离子掺杂钙钛矿具有更加稳定的晶体结构.这项工作阐明了Cs阳离子掺杂钙钛矿材料高稳定性的潜在机理,可以为将来设计高效稳定的钙钛矿光伏材料提供一定的理论依据.

A NEW METHOD TO SYNTHESIZE THE CATIONIC GRAFT STARCH

The cationic graft copolymer was synthesized by reversed phase emulsion copolymerization of starch with diallydimethyl ammoniumlchlorid (DADMAC) and acrylamide(AM). The copolymerization was carried out using (NH4)2S2O8-NH2CONH2 redox as initiator and selecting Span-20 as emulsifier. The effects of emulsifier content in oil phase, volume ratio of oil to water, initiator concentration and mole ratio of DADMAC to AM on the graft copolymerization were discussed. The optimum condition of synthetics was found with the orthogonal test method.

STDUY ON RETENTION AND DRAINAGE PROPERTIES OF THE HIGH SUBSTITUTED DEGREE CATIONIC STARCH

This paper deals with the retention and drainage properties of the high substituted degree cationic starch (HCS) prepared by half-dry process. The experiments show that HCS has remarkable effects on filler retention and drainage in papermaking industry. With the degree of substitution (DS) of HCS increasing, the effects on filler retention and drainage increase. When the DS of HCS is 0.509 and the dosage is 0.08%, the freeness decreases about 12oSR and the filler retention is 79.82%.

APPLICATION OF CATIONIC STARCH BY DRY-PROCESS AS ANIONIC CHARGE NEUTRALIZING AGENTS TO IMPROVE FILLER RETENTION

This paper deals with the preparation of cationic starch with high degree of substitute by dry-process. The corn starch and the alkali catalyst are mixed in the mixer, then added the cationic etherifying agent (3-chloro-2-hydroxypropyltrimethylammonium chloride). The reacting time is for 5 hours at the temperature of 70℃. The cationic starch with high degree of substitution is used as anionic charge neutralizing agents to improve filler retention in wet-end section of papermaking machine.

体外透皮递送SPE的CMC/CS/Ca^(2+)复合水凝胶及其抗氧化活性研究

像大豆肽(SPE)这样的肽类物质在药物靶向治疗和诊断等方面有着重要作用,但它们难以抵抗胃部极低的pH环境以及离子障碍,因此难以通过口服的方式进行递送。透皮递送系统可避免胃液的障碍,将药物递送到血液中。文中通过冻融循环成功制备了负载SPE的羧甲基纤维素/阳离子淀粉/Ca^(2+)(CMC/CS/Ca^(2+))复合水凝胶,以克服透皮递送过程中皮肤角质层对水溶性SPE渗透的障碍。颗粒电荷分析(PCD)、傅里叶变换红外光谱(FT-IR)以及流变结果表明,CMC、CS及Ca^(2+)之间产生了化学和物理交联作用,形成了稳定的复合水凝胶,且SPE与CS、Ca^(2+)间产生的相互作用使其力学性能可满足透皮递送的要求;扫描电子显微镜(SEM)和比表面积测试(BET)结果表明,这些复合水凝胶内部具有多孔洞的三维网络结构。复合水凝胶的含水率均高于95.63%,在25℃下持续25 min后其保湿率仍在97.34%以上,所有复合水凝胶均在120 min内快速溶胀,在720 min时平衡溶胀分数可达636.23%,说明该复合水凝胶对水具有高度的亲和性,这是SPE透皮递送效率提高的根本原因。体外释放结果表明,SPE从复合水凝胶中的释放为溶胀控释型,且其最大DPPH自由基和ABTS自由基清除率分别可达47.07%和72.16%。3种复合水凝胶中SPE的单位面积累积渗透量分别为0.55、0.70和0.60 mg/cm^(2),其累积渗透百分比分别达到84.13%、92.93%和92.57%。复合水凝胶的外观以及pH值、耐热性、耐寒性均符合QB/T 2872—2017的规定。文中制备的复合水凝胶不仅有望在透皮递送肽及蛋白质类药物上得以应用,在皮肤抗氧化护理方面也具有潜在的应用价值。

Reinforcing Paper Strength by Dual Treatment of a Cationic Water-soluble Polymer and Cellulose Nanofibril

Cellulose nanofibril(CNF)was used as the anionic component of two dual strengthening systems wherein polyamidopolyamine epichlorohydrin resin(PAE)or cationic starch(CS)was used as the cationic component.Their strengthening effects were investigated for lowbasis-weight(30 g/m2)paper composed of a mixture of fully bleached softwood and hardwood pulp in a 4:1 mass ratio.Using the PAE/CNF or CS/CNF dual system,it was generally easier to achieve higher wet and dry tensile strengths of paper compared to the paper using the single PAE or CS system.For example,the paper using the PAE(0.4%)/CNF(0.3%)dual system exhibited 89%higher wet tensile strength than the paper using the single PAE(0.4%)system,and the paper using CS(1.3%)/CNF(0.3%)dual treatment showed 21%higher dry strength than that using the single CS(1.3%)system.However,the PAE/CNF system only showed small improvement in the dry strength of paper(11%higher than that of paper using the single PAE system),so did the CS/NFC system on wet strength improvement(only 17%higher than that of paper using the single CS system).

阳离子淀粉CST制备及脱色性能研究

研究了在基本干的反应条件下制备阳离子淀粉的方法及其脱色性能,确定了用氢氧化钠作催化剂时的最佳反应条件。

淀粉在CS_2/H_2O_2体系中与烯烃接枝共聚

采用 CS2 /H2 O2 体系在碱性条件下引发玉米淀粉与丙烯酰胺、苯乙烯接枝共聚 ,系统研究了 Na OH、CS2 和单体的浓度、CS2 /H2 O2 的摩尔比及反应温度等与接枝效应关系。结果发现在适宜条件下 ,室温 (2 5～ 3 5℃ )接枝反应0 .5～ 1 .0 h,单体转化率和接枝效率可达 96%以上。在相同条件下 ,淀粉接枝丙烯酰胺优于苯乙烯。判断该引发体系为氧化还原型 ,属自由基机理 ,并有利于亲水性单体的接枝共聚 ,具有高效、反应条件温和等特征。

基于CS-MUSIC算法的DOA估计

多重信号分类(multiple signal classification,MUSIC)方法在少快拍数或者存在相干信源的情况下不能准确估计信号的波达方向,而压缩感知(compressive sensing,CS)方法在多快拍数或低信噪比情况下分辨性能不稳定,估计准确率受限。提出了一种基于CS的MUSIC方法,简称CS-MUSIC,该方法针对不同的快拍数,建立二者之间的联系,构造出新的正交空间,获得尖锐的谱峰。理论分析和仿真结果表明,所提方法在不同快拍数条件下,具有较高的估计精度,克服了传统方法存在的缺陷,并且对噪声具有鲁棒性。

低分子质量HCS控制聚糖类阴离子垃圾

将低分子质量的高取代度阳离子淀粉(LHCS)与传统的阴离子垃圾控制剂聚胺在废纸浆中的不同湿部行为进行了比较,并以果胶、氧化淀粉和半纤维素作为聚糖类阴离子垃圾模型物,通过测定体系上清液的吸光度、Zeta电位、聚糖组成成分的变化等,探索LHCS控制聚糖类阴离子垃圾的作用机理。结果表明,与阳离子电荷密度更高的聚胺阴离子垃圾控制剂相比,LHCS对聚糖类阴离子的处理效果具有明显的优势,说明LHCS能以电性中和之外的氢键作用机理对聚糖类阴离子垃圾进行去除。

纳米微晶纤维素与CPAM、CS的协同增强与助留助滤作用

研究了纳米微晶纤维素(NCC)作为增强剂和助留剂在纸业的应用。结果表明:(1)单独添加NCC对抗张强度、撕裂强度和耐破度都有一定的增强效果。(2)阳离子淀粉(CS)/NCC二元增强体系对增强纸张物理强度的效果比单独添加CS的增强效果好,且CS和NCC不同的添加方式对纸张物理强度有不同的影响。(3)单独添加NCC对纸料和填料有一定的留着效果,但并不十分明显。(4)阳离子聚丙烯酰胺(CPAM)或阳离子淀粉(CS)与NCC组成二元助留体系,对纸料和填料的留着具有协同作用,均比单独添加CPAM或CS的留着效果好。

高取代度阳离子淀粉对阔叶材BCTMP纸料中DCS的控制

本研究主要探讨高取代度阳离子淀粉在消除漂白化学热磨机械浆(BCTMP)在高附加值纸种中应用过程阴离子垃圾不良影响中的作用。在含溶解性胶体物质纸料中评价不同取代度(0.57～0.97)阳离子淀粉的作用效率;并在微粒助留体系(CPAM/膨润土)前采用高取代度阳离子淀粉,优化体系的填料留着。结果表明:高取代度阳离子淀粉是一种非常好的阴离子垃圾捕集剂,通过添加高取代度阳离子淀粉,溶解性胶体物质对微粒助留系统的负面影响可被消除,助留剂的作用效果得到大大改善。

高取代度阳离子淀粉基苯丙乳液的合成和应用研究

以苯乙烯(St)、丙烯酸正丁酯(BA)、丙烯酸叔丁酯(tBA)为单体,H2O2-FeSO4为引发体系,高取代度阳离子淀粉(HCS)为乳化剂,开展了苯丙表面施胶剂的无皂乳液聚合。探讨了HCS的用量、分子量(以特性黏度表示)、取代度对乳液聚合的影响,使用多种方法评价了乳液的理化性能与应用性能。所制备得的高取代度阳离子淀粉基苯丙乳液胶粒平均粒径小(126.2 nm)、正电性强(Zeta电位为25.8 mV)、贮存稳定性优良;将其应用在瓦楞原纸上,施胶纸张的Cobb值为21.6 g/m^(2),水滴接触角达121.6°,与低取代度阳离子淀粉基苯丙乳液相比,其应用效果具有明显优势。研究对其能赋予纸张更佳施胶效果的原因也提出了机理性的解释。

阳离子淀粉改性阳离子乳液聚合物及其絮凝性能研究

通过阳离子淀粉对阳离子乳液聚合物功能化改性,研究阳离子淀粉功能改性对阳离子乳液聚合物性能的影响,得到改性阳离子乳液聚合物絮凝剂对再生纸废水和含油污水进行絮凝性能。结果显示,CS投加量为6%,改性阳离子乳液聚合物絮凝剂用量为28 mg/L时,再生纸废水COD去除率达95%,SS去除率达94%;CS改性阳离子乳液聚合物絮凝剂添加量为6 mg/L时,含油污水脱油率为97.78%;并用红外光谱、核磁共振、热重分析和电子显微镜对改性后的阳离子乳液聚合物絮凝剂结构进行了表征,得出阳离子淀粉改性阳离子乳液聚合物性能突出。

CS/CMC二元增强系统的配制及应用

以阳离子淀粉(CS)和羧甲基纤维素(CMC)为纸张的二元增强系统,研究了其对纸张的增强程度。研究结果表明,单独添加占绝干纤维质量2.2%的阳离子淀粉时,纸样抗拉指数提高了6.4%;单独添加占绝干纤维质量4.4%的羧甲基纤维素时,纸样抗拉指数提高了2.6%;当阳离子淀粉和羧甲基纤维素复配使用时,且添加总量为2.2%,配比为10∶0.8时,纸样抗拉指数增幅达到15%以上。

CS双醛淀粉希夫碱的制备及其对苯酚的吸附性能研究

以CS(壳聚糖)和双醛淀粉为反应原料,制备了吸附苯酚用CS双醛淀粉希夫碱。着重探讨了合成希夫碱的影响因素、希夫碱对苯酚的吸附动力学过程。研究结果表明:当n(CS)∶n(双醛淀粉)=2∶3、反应温度为70℃和反应时间为12 h时,制得的希夫碱具有相对最大的接枝率(65.4%);希夫碱对苯酚的吸附速率随吸附时间延长而逐渐下降,80 min时达到饱和吸附;当吸附质浓度为20 mg/L、吸附剂浓度为500 mg/L和吸附剂为0.05 g时,饱和吸附量为32.015 mg/g;拟1级、拟2级吸附动力学方程均具有良好的线性相关性,并且前者的拟合效果相对更好。