Single nucleus/cell RNA-seq of the chicken hypothalamicpituitaryovarian axis offers new insights into the molecular regulatory mechanisms of ovarian development

The hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian(HPO)axis represents a central neuroendocrine network essential for reproductive function.Despite its critical role,the intrinsic heterogeneity within the HPO axis across vertebrates and the complex intercellular interactions remain poorly defined.This study provides the first comprehensive,unbiased,cell type-specific molecular profiling of all three components of the HPO axis in adult Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens.Within the hypothalamus,pituitary,and ovary,seven,12,and 13 distinct cell types were identified,respectively.Results indicated that the pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide(PACAP),follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH),and prolactin(PRL)signaling pathways may modulate the synthesis and secretion of gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH),FSH,and luteinizing hormone(LH)within the hypothalamus and pituitary.In the ovary,interactions between granulosa cells and oocytes involved the KIT,CD99,LIFR,FN1,and ANGPTL signaling pathways,which collectively regulate follicular maturation.The SEMA4 signaling pathway emerged as a critical mediator across all three tissues of the HPO axis.Additionally,gene expression analysis revealed that relaxin 3(RLN3),gastrin-releasing peptide(GRP),and cocaine-and amphetamine regulated transcripts(CART,also known as CARTPT)may function as novel endocrine hormones,influencing the HPO axis through autocrine,paracrine,and endocrine pathways.Comparative analyses between Lohmann layers and Liangshan Yanying chickens demonstrated higher expression levels of GRP,RLN3,CARTPT,LHCGR,FSHR,and GRPR in the ovaries of Lohmann layers,potentially contributing to their superior reproductive performance.In conclusion,this study provides a detailed molecular characterization of the HPO axis,offering novel insights into the regulatory mechanisms underlying reproductive biology.

Deep brain implantable microelectrode arrays for detection and functional localization of the subthalamic nucleus in rats with Parkinson’s disease

The subthalamic nucleus(STN)is considered the best target for deep brain stimulation treatments of Parkinson’s disease(PD).It is difficult to localize the STN due to its small size and deep location.Multichannel microelectrode arrays(MEAs)can rapidly and precisely locate the STN,which is important for precise stimulation.In this paper,16-channel MEAs modified with multiwalled carbon nanotube/poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):poly(styrene sulfonate)(MWCNT/PEDOT:PSS)nanocomposites were designed and fabricated,and the accurate and rapid identification of the STN in PD rats was performed using detection sites distributed at different brain depths.These results showed that nuclei in 6-hydroxydopamine hydrobromide(6-OHDA)-lesioned brains discharged more intensely than those in unlesioned brains.In addition,the MEA simultaneously acquired neural signals from both the STN and the upper or lower boundary nuclei of the STN.Moreover,higher values of spike firing rate,spike amplitude,local field potential(LFP)power,and beta oscillations were detected in the STN of the 6-OHDA-lesioned brain,and may therefore be biomarkers of STN localization.Compared with the STNs of unlesioned brains,the power spectral density of spikes and LFPs synchronously decreased in the delta band and increased in the beta band of 6-OHDA-lesioned brains.This may be a cause of sleep and motor disorders associated with PD.Overall,this work describes a new cellular-level localization and detection method and provides a tool for future studies of deep brain nuclei.

Nucleus++:a new tool bridging AME and NuBAsE for advancing nuclear data analysis

The newly developed software,Nucleus++,is an advanced tool for displaying basic nuclear physics properties from NubAsE and integrating comprehensive mass information for each nuclide from Atomic Mass Evaluation.Additionally,it allows users to compare experimental nuclear masses with predictions from different mass models.Building on the success and learning experiences of its predecessor,Nucleus,this enhanced tool introduces improved functionality and compatibility.With its user-friendly interface,Nucleus++was designed as a valuable tool for scholars and practitioners in the field of nuclear science.This article offers an in-depth description of Nucleus++,highlighting its main features and anticipated impacts on nuclear science research.

Binding Energy, Root-Mean Square Radius and Magnetic Dipole Moment of the Nucleus 6Li

In this work, we have applied the translation invariant shell model with number of quanta of excitations N=2,4,6,8and 10 to define the ground-state eigenenergies and their corresponding normalized eigenstates, the root mean-square radius, and the magnetic dipole moment of the nucleus 6Li. We have computed the necessary two-particle orbital fractional parentage coefficients for nuclei with mass number A=6and number of quanta of excitations N=10, which are not available in the literature. In addition, we have used our previous findings on the nucleon-nucleon interaction with Gaussian radial dependencies, which fits the deuteron characteristics as well as the triton binding energy, root-mean square radius and magnetic dipole moment. The numerical results obtained in this work are in excellent agreement with the corresponding experimental data and the previously published theoretical results in the literature.

Nucleus直电极人工耳蜗植入对不同频率残余听力的影响

目的:评估Nucleus直电极人工耳蜗植入对各频率残余听力的影响,探讨耳蜗直电极植入的听力学安全性及其创伤特点。方法:分析23例手术前后能够良好配合纯音听力检查、中耳内耳无明显异常、尚未接受人工耳蜗电刺激的单侧Nucleus直电极人工耳蜗植入者的残余听力变化情况。结果:术前植入侧残余听力在术后有所保留者占60%。将最大输出无反应时的听阈值计为最大输出加上5dBHL,经非参数检验:植入侧1kHz以下各频率的残余听力较术前平均损失约6dBHL,差别有极显著性的意义(P值均<0.01);植入侧2kHz以上各频率及非植入侧各频率较术前平均损失<1dBHL,差别无显著性的意义(P值均>0.05)。结论:Nucleus直电极人工耳蜗植入术后,植入耳多数仍可保留部分残余听力,但其损失在1kHz以下频率重于2kHz以上频率。

Effects of ginkgolide B on neuronal discharges in paraventricular nucleus of rat hypothalamic slices

Objective To study the central role of ginkgolide B （BN52021） in regulating cardiovascular function of nerve center by examining the effects of ginkgolide B on the electrical activity of rat paraventricular nucleus （PVN） neurons in hypothalamic slice preparation and to elucidate the mechanism involved. Methods Extracellular single-unit discharge recording technique. Results （1） In response to the application of ginkgolide t3 （0.1, 1, 10 μmol/L; n = 27） into the perfusate for 2 rain, the spontaneous discharge rates （SDR） of 26 （26/27, 96.30%） neurons were significantly decreased in a dose-dependent manner. （2） Pretreatment with L-glutamate （L-Glu, 0.2 mmol/L） led to a marked increase in the SDR of all 8 （100%） neurons in an epileptiform pattern. The increased discharges were suppressed significantly after ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L） was applied into the perfusate for 2 min. （3） In 8 neurons, perfusion of the selective L-type calcium channel agonist, Bay K 8644 （0.1 μmol/L）, induced a significant increase in the discharge rates of 8 （8/8, 100%） neurons, while ginkgolide B （1μmol/L） applied into the perfusate, could inhibit the discharges of 8 （100%） neurons. （4） In 8 neurons, the broad potassium channels blocker, tetraethylammonium （TEA, 1 mmol/L） completely blocked the inhibitory effect of ginkgolide B （1 μmol/L）. Conclusion These results suggest that ginkgolide B can inhibit the electrical activity of paraventricular neurons. The inhibitory effect may be related to the blockade of L-type voltage-activated calcium channel and potentially concerned with delayed rectifier potassium channel （KDR）.

Analysis on the Relationship between Selective Pressure and Nucleotide Substitution Rate in Nucleus and Organelle Genes of Sorghum and Maize

[Objective]The aim was to research the relationship between nucleotide substitutions rate and selective pressure.[Method]Synonymous and nonsynonymous substitutions and their ratios for some sorghum and maize genes in nucleus and organelle genomes were analyzed by statistical method,and comparative analysis of related functional genes were carried out.[Result]The pure selective pressures of the related functional genes were similar between nucleus and chloroplast genomes,but was lower in mitochondrial genome.The significant differences of nucleotide substitution rate between sorghum and maize orthologous genes in nucleus genome,and among different functional genes in nucleus genome were mainly due to the nonsynonymous substitution difference.[Conclusion]The molecular evolutional rate of different functional genes and different lineages were influenced by selective pressure.The differences of molecular evolutional rate among nucleus,chloroplast and mitochondria genomes had no direct relationship with selective pressure.

Ultrastructural Features of Nucleus Degradation During Programmed Cell Death of Starchy Endosperm Cells in Rice

Ultrastructural features of nucleus degradation during programmed cell death (PCD) of starchy endosperm cells in rice ( Oryza sativa L.) were observed using transmission electron microscopy. Several distinct morphological features of PCD have been found in the developing starchy endosperm cells, e.g. nucleus deformation, chromatin condensation, nuclear envelope disruption, and nuclear matrix leakage. DNA ladder displayed a smear of large DNA fragments from nucleus and evident bands of small DNA fragments (140-180 bp) from both nucleus and cytoplasm. In contrast with the rapid nucleus degradation, cell organelles in cytoplasm, such as rough endoplasmic reticulum, amyloplast, and mitochondrion, maintained their metabolic functions for a longer time. Seed reserves were continually synthesized and accumulated in the starchy endosperm cells despite the nucleus degradation during the PCD process. These results suggest that starchy endosperm cells remain active during reserve material synthesis and accumulation in the PCD process. The specific relationships between nucleus and cytoplasm in the developing endosperm cells and the morphological changes of nucleus in the endosperm PCD process were also discussed.

基于Nucleus PLUS的嵌入式系统的软件设计

本文介绍了离子迁移谱仪的工作机理、软件系统设计以及嵌入式实时多任务操作系统 (RTOS)NucleusPLUS ,重点介绍后者在离子迁移谱仪中的具体实现。

基于Nucleus的IC卡设备驱动

首先对IC卡接口设备的工作原理和IC卡接口芯片TDA8007进行了研究,然后分析了嵌入式操作系统Nucleus的设备驱动设计的两大关键技术——中断机制和设备管理机制,最后,结合IC卡接口设备的工作原理以及Nucleus驱动设计的特点,实现了一个结构清晰的IC卡接口芯片的设备驱动程序。

Nucleus24型人工耳蜗植入后的电极有效性

目的 :随访耳蜗植入后出现蜗外电极或坏损电极的情况 ,评价人工耳蜗植入后电极的有效性。方法 :1998年 6月至 2 0 0 2年 8月 5 3例NucleusCI2 4M型耳蜗植入者 ,在术中及术后映射调图时进行电极阻抗测试 ,确定有无电极坏损及其坏损时间。开机时拍摄耳蜗位X线平片 ,确定电极是否完全植入。分析手术过程和术者经验对电极有效性的影响。结果 :电极出现坏损的比例为 13 2 % ,电极在术中插拔两次以上而造成电极坏损的危险度为 0 4 6 5 6。 4年累积生存率达 96 2 %。不完全植入的比例为 15 1% ,其中又以耳蜗形态异常者居多 (7/11)。结论 :NucleusCI2 4M型植入体在开机 1～ 4年内的可靠性较高。电极序列在术中插拔两次以上 ,是导致电极坏损的主要原因。患者耳蜗的纤维化。

Effect of nitric oxide on the expression of apelin receptor mRNA in rat caudate nucleus

Objective To investigate the effect of nitric oxide （NO） on the expression of apelin receptor mRNA, as well as their correlation, in the caudate nucleus of rat. Methods L-Arginine （L-Arg）, N^G-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester （L-NAME） and normal saline （NS） was separately microinjected into rat caudate nucleus. Expressions of neuronal NO synthase （nNOS） mRNA and apelin receptor mRNA were detected by RT-PCR at 4, 8, 12, 24 and 48 h after microinjection, and their correlation was determined. Results The expressions of nNOS mRNA and apelin receptor mRNA were both significantly increased after microinjection of L-Arg, but significantly decreased after microinjection of L-NAME compared with the NS control group. The nNOS mRNA had a positive correlation with the expression of apelin receptor mRNA after microinjection of L-Arg and L-NAME. Conclusion The activity of NOS in the central nervous system, especially in the caudate nucleus, is one of the key factors for NO to exert many kinds of biological actions, such as modulation of central pain, as a neurotransmitter. The neurobiological action of NO in rat caudate nucleus may be associated with apelin receptors.

Nucleus操作系统在ARM11上的移植研究与实现

基于对ARM11架构的启动模式与内存分配的技术研究,通过对Nucleus内核的分析,在ARM11架构的芯片上实现Nucleus操作系统的移植。以S3C6410为例,详细介绍了从板级初始化到任务循环调度过程中的启动模块、中断设计、定时器设计、任务调度流程与触发方式。目前成功移植于TD-LTE系统中,实现操作系统基本功能的同时满足了实验项目中TD-LTE对系统实时性与任务资源管理的需求。

语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的声调识别

目的 评估语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的普通话声调识别水平,探讨其影响因素。方法 应用《MACC》材料及北京协和医院耳蜗中心自编《声调测试》材料,评估14例语后聋Nucleus人工耳蜗使用者的普通话声调识别能力,其中使用Nucleus 24型Sprint产品ACE方案者11例,Nucleus 22型MSP产品MPEAK方案者3例。结果 所有植入者的普通话声调识别率均高于机会水平,其中2例Nucleus 24型Sprint产品使用者可达到100%。结论 Nucleus人工耳蜗语后聋使用者可以获得较好的普通话声调识别,Nucleus 24型Sprint产品可为部分植入者提供充分的声调信息。

Brain region-specific roles of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in social stress-induced depressive-like behavior

Brain-derived neurotrophic factor is a key factor in stress adaptation and avoidance of a social stress behavioral response.Recent studies have shown that brain-derived neurotrophic factor expression in stressed mice is brain region–specific,particularly involving the corticolimbic system,including the ventral tegmental area,nucleus accumbens,prefrontal cortex,amygdala,and hippocampus.Determining how brain-derived neurotrophic factor participates in stress processing in different brain regions will deepen our understanding of social stress psychopathology.In this review,we discuss the expression and regulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in stress-sensitive brain regions closely related to the pathophysiology of depression.We focused on associated molecular pathways and neural circuits,with special attention to the brain-derived neurotrophic factor–tropomyosin receptor kinase B signaling pathway and the ventral tegmental area–nucleus accumbens dopamine circuit.We determined that stress-induced alterations in brain-derived neurotrophic factor levels are likely related to the nature,severity,and duration of stress,especially in the above-mentioned brain regions of the corticolimbic system.Therefore,BDNF might be a biological indicator regulating stress-related processes in various brain regions.

Zlib库在基于Nucleus系统的新型智能远动装置中的应用

针对基于PowerPC架构和嵌入式Nucleus系统的智能远动装置特点和要求,通过对Zlib函式库的移植和改进,实现了对多文件、多目录的无损压缩和解压缩软件。以变电站智能远动装置的配置文件为数据样本进行验证,实验结果表明,该软件能够很好地完成对数据的无损压缩和解压缩,为嵌入式系统应用节省了宝贵的硬件和网络资源。

一种嵌入式实时操作系统Nucleus Plus

本文介绍了美国ATI公司的嵌入式多任务操作系统NucleusPlus的基本内容 ,及其内核(kernel)设计及实现中的一些典型的数据结构、概念及方法。

Nucleus Plus操作系统下UART驱动程序的设计

Nucleus Plus操作系统是Accelerated Technology公司推出的操作系统软件,它为程序开发者提供一个实时、抢占、多任务的操作系统环境。文章介绍了该操作系统的内核结构,分析了在该操作系统下驱动程序设计的关键技术,重点讨论了UART驱动程序的软硬件设计。

基于Nucleus PLUS嵌入式以太网接口的设计与实现

提出一种在LPC2292(ARM7)为CPU、Nucleus PLUS为实时操作系统的系统平台上,以RTL8019AS为网络控制芯片构建嵌入式以太网接口的设计思想与实现方法,详细阐述了Nucleus PLUS在ARM7上的移植方案以及在该系统平台下以太网驱动程序的开发方法。实际运行结果表明,该系统设计合理,运行稳定可靠,具有实际的应用价值。