Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, and Chinese government adopts compulsory immunization measures for FMD. The adverse effects of FMD va...Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, and Chinese government adopts compulsory immunization measures for FMD. The adverse effects of FMD vaccine to pigs, cattle and goats have been reported increasingly frequent during the spring and autumn seasons when large numbers of farm livestock are vaccinated. The financial losses caused by vaccine adverse effects have been a serious concern for both farmers and primary prevention personnel. There are various causative factors reported to involve into adverse effect of FMD vaccine, including the inappropriate vaccine production, transportation and storage, livestock poor tolerance, and unqualified vaccinating manipulations. Symptomatic treatment and early drug prevention have a certain effect on the adverse effects. To analyze causes and propose countermeasures, in the current study possible reasons during the production and processing procedures of inactivated FMD vaccine were reviewed and corresponding countermeasures were recommended. The review may provide references for better use of vaccine to prevent FMD.展开更多
A first-order itinerant electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition above the Curie temperature Tc for ferromagnetic La(Fe_xSi_1-x)13 compounds has been confirmed by applying magnetic field. The volume change just above T_...A first-order itinerant electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition above the Curie temperature Tc for ferromagnetic La(Fe_xSi_1-x)13 compounds has been confirmed by applying magnetic field. The volume change just above T_C for x=0.88 is huge of about 1.5%, which is caused by a large magnetic moment induced by the IEM transition. These compounds have a possibility for practical applications as giant magnetostrictive materials. Pronounced Invar effects bring about a negative thermal expansion below TC, closely correlated with the negative mode-mode coupling among spin fluctuations.展开更多
In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rat...In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rats aged 9 months and divided them into four groups. Lidocaine and/or furosemide were injected introcerebroventicularlly (I.C.V). Stained with H E and accounted the CA 1 pyramidal cell numbers by computer in each group suggested following findings: Although 5 μl of 2% lidocaine was injected I.C.V, the results indicated lidocaine didn't have any blockade to pyramidal cell injuries in hippocampal CA 1 area (P<0 05). In the group medicated with 2 5μl of both 2% lidocaine and 2% furosemide, the results showed that the combined approach had a blockade to injuries of pyramidal cells compared with control group (P<0 01). The present experiment indicates that the combined blockade of lidocaine and furosemide injected I.C.V. to Na + channel can prevent the injuries from hippocampal neurons owing to ischemia.展开更多
<strong>Introduction: </strong>Stress and burnout are a reality which nurses encounter and try to cope with especially in the Emergency Department (ED) so that they can provide optimal patient care. Nurses...<strong>Introduction: </strong>Stress and burnout are a reality which nurses encounter and try to cope with especially in the Emergency Department (ED) so that they can provide optimal patient care. Nurses who work in ED are front line providers of immediate medical care needed to stabilize patients. With the known critical shortage of health workforce in Cameroon, nurses are overloaded with work and often experience stress and burnout. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed at determining the causes, effects and management strategies of stress and burnout among nurses working in the ED in hospitals in the Fako Division, Cameroon. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of seventy nurses from five different hospitals. A purposive sampling technique was used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed from the International Stress Management Scale. <strong>Results: </strong>The highest reported cause of stress in this study was heavy workload (12.88%) and the least was no experience in handling the challenges of the department. The leading reported effect of stress was the development of musculoskeletal disorders such as joint and back pain (16.48%) and the least effect was contemplating quitting the profession (5.99%). The major management strategy used was humour (8.27%), while the least was crying out stress to feel relieved (2.18%).<strong> Conclusion: </strong>The major cause of stress and burnout among nurses in our study setting was heavy workload, which mostly results in joint and back pain. Moreover, humour was the prime management strategy for stress and burnout among nurses in the emergency department in the study setting. Thus more nurses should be employed and the working conditions of nurses improved to reduce the workload in the study hospitals.展开更多
The phenyl and methyl phenyl free radicals,formed in the oxidation-hydrolysis process of N’-acyl-N-phenylhydrazine, have been studied by ESR spectrometry.It was found that the free radical is the chief cause which pr...The phenyl and methyl phenyl free radicals,formed in the oxidation-hydrolysis process of N’-acyl-N-phenylhydrazine, have been studied by ESR spectrometry.It was found that the free radical is the chief cause which produces the feed-back inhibition effect in the hydrazine-promoted infectious development of silver halide.展开更多
-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of...-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria. From the section of the decaying Lamuutria which resulted from the inoculation of alginic acid decomposing bacteria, it was observed that the bacteria invaded the epiderm of the Laminaria surface at first, then entered the ex-odermis, endodermis and pith. In addition, there were a great amount of bacteria in the intercellular region and a lot of free cells of the algae in the decaying areas. The wall of some free cells was decomposed, which led to soft tissue or disintegration. Alginic acid decomposing bacteria are normal epiphytic microorganisms growing on Lamuutria surface. These bacteria do not cause disease at normal environmental conditions. The experiments showed that the unfavourable conditions, e. g. , wounding, overcrowding, high temperature reduced the ability of antibacterial activity and made the algae more susceptible to the pathogens and favoured the multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria and finally led to the disease outbreak. The unfavourable environmental factors which resulted from a variety of reasons were the main cause of the disease.展开更多
The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natu...The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natural variability,which is emphasized by NIPCC.The surface temperature observations since the mid-20th century support the hypothesis of anthropogenic impact,but for the last one hundred years or so,natural forcings such as solar activity, volcanic eruptions and thermohaline circulation variations also have had great influences on the Earth's climate,especially on inter-decadal timescales.In addition,evidence suggests that the Medieval Warm Period(MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are closely associated with the solar activity over the past 1 thousand years.Over the past 10 thousand years, the North Atlantic cold events and solar activity are closely correlated.Nevertheless,the physical mechanisms of the solar-climate variability and interrelation are not well understood,yet.Notably,a prevailing view recently indicates that galactic cosmic rays may result in climatic cooling through modulating global low cloud cover.However,its process and mechanism need to be further investigated.展开更多
The <strong><em>purpose</em></strong> of this research was to ascertain causes of Restocking Delays in a Distributor Company of Airtel Airtime (<em>AA</em>) that give justification ...The <strong><em>purpose</em></strong> of this research was to ascertain causes of Restocking Delays in a Distributor Company of Airtel Airtime (<em>AA</em>) that give justification for benefits of using Real Time Inventory Tracking (<em>R.T.I.T</em>) in an attempt to mitigate Restocking Delays. From a study out at the Private Marketing and Trading Services (<em>PMTS</em>) an Authorized Distributor of Airtel Products undertaken in 2017 evidenced by Airtime scratch card and Electronic, <strong><em>E-Recharge</em></strong> Airtime among other forms to encourage <em>R.T.I.T</em> among other products in Telecom Companies and other Business Enterprises. The research comprises of the following areas among which included a detailed focus on a <strong><em>Qualitative</em></strong> and <strong><em>Quantitative approach</em></strong> in obtaining different <strong><em>categories</em></strong> of Restocking Delays in form of <strong><em>Themes</em></strong> and <strong><em>Sub Themes</em></strong> encountered in the Distribution Supply Chain (<em>SC</em>) of <em>AA</em> that is contained in this paper. This research continues to capture an in-depth explanation of the <strong><em>Managerial</em></strong> and <strong><em>Operational</em></strong> causes of restocking delays in respect to <em>AA</em>. Similarly, fast consumer products and services other than <em>AA</em> require a solution to <strong><em>Restocking Delays</em></strong> through implementation of Real Time Inventory Tracking Model (<em>R.T.I.T.M</em>) of <em>AA</em> among Distributor Companies (<em>DCs</em>). This paper also elaborated on Literature, Methodology and Findings obtained from the study. The <strong><em>results</em></strong> were obtained from <strong><em>regression analysis</em></strong> by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (<em>SPSS</em>) that showed a higher significance of <strong><em>Stock Turnover Period</em></strong> and<strong><em> Airtime Denomination</em></strong> as a contributor to Restocking Delays whereas <strong><em>Messages from Airtel</em></strong> Head office to the Distributor had a non-significant contribution to restocking Delays as in Figure 9. The research recommends a Model for <em>R.T.I.T</em> in Telecom Distribution <em>SC</em> of <em>AA </em>and Omnichannel Inventory Management (<em>OIM</em>) as a significant contributor to timely reliable inventory restocking and promotes higher sales among <em>DCs</em> and retailers through minimized Restocking Delays. It shows that the forces of Demand and Supply change over time with different tastes and preferences of customers. The imbalance in <em>AA</em> stock levels changes at given times due to unforeseen forces of consumer demand experienced by <em>DCs</em>, explained by the “<strong><em>Bullwhip Effect</em></strong>” due to information distortion in the Supply Chain (<em>SC</em>).展开更多
Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. One objective of this study was to...Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. One objective of this study was to conduct a qualitative systematic review of some case-control studies and to examine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of human cervical cancer (CC) beyond any reasonable doubt. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and re-analysis of some impressive key studies aimed to answer the following question. Is there a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer? The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether the presence of human papillomavirus guarantees the presence of cervical carcinoma. In other words, if human cervical cancer is present, then human papillomavirus is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypothesis, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Result: The studies analyzed (sample size N = 7657) were able to provide strict evidence that human papillomavirus is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of cervical carcinoma. Furthermore, the studies analyzed provide impressive evidence of a cause-effect relationship (k = +0.723669245, p value < 0.00001) between human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus is the cause of human cervical carcinoma.展开更多
文摘Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is an infectious and sometimes fatal viral disease that affects cloven-hoofed animals, and Chinese government adopts compulsory immunization measures for FMD. The adverse effects of FMD vaccine to pigs, cattle and goats have been reported increasingly frequent during the spring and autumn seasons when large numbers of farm livestock are vaccinated. The financial losses caused by vaccine adverse effects have been a serious concern for both farmers and primary prevention personnel. There are various causative factors reported to involve into adverse effect of FMD vaccine, including the inappropriate vaccine production, transportation and storage, livestock poor tolerance, and unqualified vaccinating manipulations. Symptomatic treatment and early drug prevention have a certain effect on the adverse effects. To analyze causes and propose countermeasures, in the current study possible reasons during the production and processing procedures of inactivated FMD vaccine were reviewed and corresponding countermeasures were recommended. The review may provide references for better use of vaccine to prevent FMD.
基金Japanese Ministry of Education, Science, Sports and Culture!Grantin-Aid for Scientific Research (B)(2) 08455287
文摘A first-order itinerant electron metamagnetic (IEM) transition above the Curie temperature Tc for ferromagnetic La(Fe_xSi_1-x)13 compounds has been confirmed by applying magnetic field. The volume change just above T_C for x=0.88 is huge of about 1.5%, which is caused by a large magnetic moment induced by the IEM transition. These compounds have a possibility for practical applications as giant magnetostrictive materials. Pronounced Invar effects bring about a negative thermal expansion below TC, closely correlated with the negative mode-mode coupling among spin fluctuations.
文摘In order to observe it blockers of sodium channel obsesses the neuroprotective effect on hippocampal CA 1 pyramidal cell under the condition of transient brain ischemia, the present experiment used 24 male Wistar rats aged 9 months and divided them into four groups. Lidocaine and/or furosemide were injected introcerebroventicularlly (I.C.V). Stained with H E and accounted the CA 1 pyramidal cell numbers by computer in each group suggested following findings: Although 5 μl of 2% lidocaine was injected I.C.V, the results indicated lidocaine didn't have any blockade to pyramidal cell injuries in hippocampal CA 1 area (P<0 05). In the group medicated with 2 5μl of both 2% lidocaine and 2% furosemide, the results showed that the combined approach had a blockade to injuries of pyramidal cells compared with control group (P<0 01). The present experiment indicates that the combined blockade of lidocaine and furosemide injected I.C.V. to Na + channel can prevent the injuries from hippocampal neurons owing to ischemia.
文摘<strong>Introduction: </strong>Stress and burnout are a reality which nurses encounter and try to cope with especially in the Emergency Department (ED) so that they can provide optimal patient care. Nurses who work in ED are front line providers of immediate medical care needed to stabilize patients. With the known critical shortage of health workforce in Cameroon, nurses are overloaded with work and often experience stress and burnout. <strong>Aim: </strong>This study aimed at determining the causes, effects and management strategies of stress and burnout among nurses working in the ED in hospitals in the Fako Division, Cameroon. <strong>Methods:</strong> This study was a descriptive cross-sectional study. The sample consisted of seventy nurses from five different hospitals. A purposive sampling technique was used and data was analyzed using SPSS version 16.0. Data was collected using a structured questionnaire developed from the International Stress Management Scale. <strong>Results: </strong>The highest reported cause of stress in this study was heavy workload (12.88%) and the least was no experience in handling the challenges of the department. The leading reported effect of stress was the development of musculoskeletal disorders such as joint and back pain (16.48%) and the least effect was contemplating quitting the profession (5.99%). The major management strategy used was humour (8.27%), while the least was crying out stress to feel relieved (2.18%).<strong> Conclusion: </strong>The major cause of stress and burnout among nurses in our study setting was heavy workload, which mostly results in joint and back pain. Moreover, humour was the prime management strategy for stress and burnout among nurses in the emergency department in the study setting. Thus more nurses should be employed and the working conditions of nurses improved to reduce the workload in the study hospitals.
文摘The phenyl and methyl phenyl free radicals,formed in the oxidation-hydrolysis process of N’-acyl-N-phenylhydrazine, have been studied by ESR spectrometry.It was found that the free radical is the chief cause which produces the feed-back inhibition effect in the hydrazine-promoted infectious development of silver halide.
文摘-The rot disease of Laminaria occurs often in nurseries of sporeling and commercial cultivation in the sea and results in economic loss greatly. Usually the disease outbreaks accompanied with massive multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria. From the section of the decaying Lamuutria which resulted from the inoculation of alginic acid decomposing bacteria, it was observed that the bacteria invaded the epiderm of the Laminaria surface at first, then entered the ex-odermis, endodermis and pith. In addition, there were a great amount of bacteria in the intercellular region and a lot of free cells of the algae in the decaying areas. The wall of some free cells was decomposed, which led to soft tissue or disintegration. Alginic acid decomposing bacteria are normal epiphytic microorganisms growing on Lamuutria surface. These bacteria do not cause disease at normal environmental conditions. The experiments showed that the unfavourable conditions, e. g. , wounding, overcrowding, high temperature reduced the ability of antibacterial activity and made the algae more susceptible to the pathogens and favoured the multiplication of alginic acid decomposing bacteria and finally led to the disease outbreak. The unfavourable environmental factors which resulted from a variety of reasons were the main cause of the disease.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(No.2010CB950104)
文摘The controversy between the IPCC and Non-governmental IPCC(NIPCC) on the attribution of global warming are reviewed.IPCC holds that today's global warming is mainly due to anthropogenic activities rather than natural variability,which is emphasized by NIPCC.The surface temperature observations since the mid-20th century support the hypothesis of anthropogenic impact,but for the last one hundred years or so,natural forcings such as solar activity, volcanic eruptions and thermohaline circulation variations also have had great influences on the Earth's climate,especially on inter-decadal timescales.In addition,evidence suggests that the Medieval Warm Period(MWP) and Little Ice Age (LIA) are closely associated with the solar activity over the past 1 thousand years.Over the past 10 thousand years, the North Atlantic cold events and solar activity are closely correlated.Nevertheless,the physical mechanisms of the solar-climate variability and interrelation are not well understood,yet.Notably,a prevailing view recently indicates that galactic cosmic rays may result in climatic cooling through modulating global low cloud cover.However,its process and mechanism need to be further investigated.
文摘The <strong><em>purpose</em></strong> of this research was to ascertain causes of Restocking Delays in a Distributor Company of Airtel Airtime (<em>AA</em>) that give justification for benefits of using Real Time Inventory Tracking (<em>R.T.I.T</em>) in an attempt to mitigate Restocking Delays. From a study out at the Private Marketing and Trading Services (<em>PMTS</em>) an Authorized Distributor of Airtel Products undertaken in 2017 evidenced by Airtime scratch card and Electronic, <strong><em>E-Recharge</em></strong> Airtime among other forms to encourage <em>R.T.I.T</em> among other products in Telecom Companies and other Business Enterprises. The research comprises of the following areas among which included a detailed focus on a <strong><em>Qualitative</em></strong> and <strong><em>Quantitative approach</em></strong> in obtaining different <strong><em>categories</em></strong> of Restocking Delays in form of <strong><em>Themes</em></strong> and <strong><em>Sub Themes</em></strong> encountered in the Distribution Supply Chain (<em>SC</em>) of <em>AA</em> that is contained in this paper. This research continues to capture an in-depth explanation of the <strong><em>Managerial</em></strong> and <strong><em>Operational</em></strong> causes of restocking delays in respect to <em>AA</em>. Similarly, fast consumer products and services other than <em>AA</em> require a solution to <strong><em>Restocking Delays</em></strong> through implementation of Real Time Inventory Tracking Model (<em>R.T.I.T.M</em>) of <em>AA</em> among Distributor Companies (<em>DCs</em>). This paper also elaborated on Literature, Methodology and Findings obtained from the study. The <strong><em>results</em></strong> were obtained from <strong><em>regression analysis</em></strong> by using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (<em>SPSS</em>) that showed a higher significance of <strong><em>Stock Turnover Period</em></strong> and<strong><em> Airtime Denomination</em></strong> as a contributor to Restocking Delays whereas <strong><em>Messages from Airtel</em></strong> Head office to the Distributor had a non-significant contribution to restocking Delays as in Figure 9. The research recommends a Model for <em>R.T.I.T</em> in Telecom Distribution <em>SC</em> of <em>AA </em>and Omnichannel Inventory Management (<em>OIM</em>) as a significant contributor to timely reliable inventory restocking and promotes higher sales among <em>DCs</em> and retailers through minimized Restocking Delays. It shows that the forces of Demand and Supply change over time with different tastes and preferences of customers. The imbalance in <em>AA</em> stock levels changes at given times due to unforeseen forces of consumer demand experienced by <em>DCs</em>, explained by the “<strong><em>Bullwhip Effect</em></strong>” due to information distortion in the Supply Chain (<em>SC</em>).
文摘Objective: Cervical cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in females worldwide. Infection with human papillomavirus (HPV) is regarded as the main risk factor of cervical cancer. One objective of this study was to conduct a qualitative systematic review of some case-control studies and to examine the role of human papillomavirus (HPV) in the development of human cervical cancer (CC) beyond any reasonable doubt. Methods: We conducted a systematic review and re-analysis of some impressive key studies aimed to answer the following question. Is there a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical cancer? The method of the conditio sine qua non relationship was used to proof the hypothesis whether the presence of human papillomavirus guarantees the presence of cervical carcinoma. In other words, if human cervical cancer is present, then human papillomavirus is present too. The mathematical formula of the causal relationship k was used to proof the hypothesis, whether there is a cause-effect relationship between human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma. Significance was indicated by a p-value of less than 0.05. Result: The studies analyzed (sample size N = 7657) were able to provide strict evidence that human papillomavirus is a necessary condition (a conditio sine qua non) of cervical carcinoma. Furthermore, the studies analyzed provide impressive evidence of a cause-effect relationship (k = +0.723669245, p value < 0.00001) between human papillomavirus and cervical carcinoma. Conclusion: Human papillomavirus is the cause of human cervical carcinoma.
