Correlation between the warning symptoms and prognosis of cardiac arrest

BACKGROUND A low survival rate in patients with cardiac arrest is associated with failure to recognize the condition in its initial stage.Therefore,recognizing the warning symptoms of cardiac arrest in the early stage may play an important role in survival.AIM To investigate the warning symptoms of cardiac arrest and to determine the correlation between the symptoms and outcomes.METHODS We included all adult patients with all-cause cardiac arrest who visited Peking University Third Hospital or Beijing Friendship Hospital between January 2012 and December 2014.Data on population,symptoms,resuscitation parameters,and outcomes were analysed.RESULTS Of the 1021 patients in the study,65.9%had symptoms that presented before cardiac arrest,25.2%achieved restoration of spontaneous circulation(ROSC),and 7.2%survived to discharge.The patients with symptoms had higher rates of an initial shockable rhythm(12.2%vs 7.5%,P=0.020),ROSC(29.1%vs 17.5%,P=0.001)and survival(9.2%vs 2.6%,P=0.001)than patients without symptoms.Compared with the out-of-hospital cardiac arrest(OHCA)without symptoms subgroup,the OHCA with symptoms subgroup had a higher rate of calls before arrest(81.6%vs 0.0%,P<0.001),health care provider-witnessed arrest(13.0%vs 1.4%,P=0.001)and bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation(15.5%vs 4.9%,P=0.002);a shorter no flow time(11.7%vs 2.8%,P=0.002);and a higher ROSC rate(23.8%vs 13.2%,P=0.011).Compared to the in-hospital cardiac arrest(IHCA)without symptoms subgroup,the IHCA with symptoms subgroup had a higher mean age(66.2±15.2 vs 62.5±16.3 years,P=0.005),ROSC(32.0%vs 20.6%,P=0.003),and survival rates(10.6%vs 2.5%,P<0.001).The top five warning symptoms were dyspnea(48.7%),chest pain(18.3%),unconsciousness(15.2%),paralysis(4.3%),and vomiting(4.0%).Chest pain(20.9%vs 12.7%,P=0.011),cardiac etiology(44.3%vs 1.5%,P<0.001)and survival(33.9%vs 16.7%,P=0.001)were more common in males,whereas dyspnea(54.9%vs 45.9%,P=0.029)and a non-cardiac etiology(53.3%vs 41.7%,P=0.003)were more common in females.CONCLUSION Most patients had warning symptoms before cardiac arrest.Dyspnea,chest pain,and unconsciousness were the most common symptoms.Immediately recognizing these symptoms and activating the emergency medical system prevents resuscitation delay and improves the survival rate of OHCA patients in China.

Leukoaraiosis is associated with clinical symptom severity,poor neurological function prognosis and stroke recurrence in mild intracerebral hemorrhage:a prospective multi-center cohort study

Leukoaraiosis(LA)results from ischemic injury in small cerebral vessels,which may be attributable to decreased vascular density,reduced cerebrovascular angiogenesis,decreased cerebral blood flow,or microcirculatory dysfunction in the brain.In this study,we enrolled 357 patients with mild intracerebral hemorrhage(ICH)from five hospitals in China and analyzed the relationships between LA and clinical symptom severity at admission,neurological function prognosis at 3 months,and 1-year stroke recurrence.Patients were divided into groups based on Fazekas scale scores:no LA(n=83),mild LA(n=64),moderate LA(n=98)and severe LA(n=112).More severe LA,larger hematoma volume,and higher blood glucose level at admission were associated with more severe neurological deficit.More severe LA,older age and larger hematoma volume were associated with worse neurological function prognosis at 3 months.In addition,moderate-to-severe LA,admission glucose and symptom-free cerebral infarction were associated with 1-year stroke recurrence.These findings suggest that LA severity may be a potential marker of individual ICH vulnerability,which can be characterized by poor tolerance to intracerebral attack or poor recovery ability after ICH.Evaluating LA severity in patients with mild ICH may help neurologists to optimize treatment protocols.This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University(approval No.12)on March 10,2011.

Clinical features and prognosis of patients with extrahepatic metastases from hepatocellular carcinoma

AIM: To assess the clinical features and prognosis of 151 patients with extrahepatic metastases from primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and describe the treatment strategy for such patients. METHODS: After the diagnosis of HCC, all 995 consecutive HCC patients were followed up at regular intervals and 151 (15.2%) patients were found to have extrahepatic metastases at the initial diagnosis of primary HCC or developed such tumors during the follow-up period. We assessed their clinical features, prognosis, and treatment strategies. RESULTS: The most frequent site of extrahepatic metastases was the lungs (47%), followed by lymph nodes (45%), bones (37%), and adrenal glands (12%). The cumulative survival rates after the initial diagnosis of extrahepatic metastases at 6, 12, 24, and 36 mo were 44.1%, 21.7%, 14.2%, 7.1%, respectively. The median survival time was 4.9 mo (range, 0-37 mo). Fourteen patients (11%) died of extrahepatic HCC, others died of primary HCC or liver failure. CONCLUSION: The prognosis of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases is poor. With regard to the cause of death, many patients would die of intrahepatic HCC and few of extrahepatic metastases. Although most of HCC patients with extrahepatic metastases should undergo treatment for the primary HCC mainly, treatment of extrahepatic metastases in selected HCC patients who have good hepatic reserve, intrahepatictumor stage (T0-T2), and are free of portal venous invasion may improve survival.

Importance of diet and intestinal microbiota in the prevention of colorectal cancer-colonoscopy early screening diagnosis

Colorectal cancer is a term used to describe colon and rectal cancer,which is the third most common type of cancer.A MEDLINE and PubMed search resulted in the inclusion of manuscripts written in the last 10 years,using keywords relevant to the topic of the manuscript.By analyzing the aim of the searched studies and manuscripts,adequate articles were included that described the stated problem.The frequency of colorectal cancer varies with climate,nutrition,and many other factors,primarily endogenous,hereditary,intestinal microbiome,as well as external factors,such as exposure of the individual to stress,and bad eating habits.Colon cancer and rectal cancer or colorectal cancer in general in the early stages of the disease,may not show symptoms or are barely noticeable.Colorectal cancer symptoms will most often not develop until the disease has progressed to stage 2 or beyond.Regular screening tests for colon or rectal cancer,especially colonoscopy,are recommended as part of a regular checkup for people aged 50 years or younger who are at high risk due to a family history of the disease or other cancers.Diet and colonoscopy as an early screening method play an important role in the prevention of colorectal cancer.

Neuronal injury in the motor cortex after chronic stroke and lower limb motor impairment: a voxelbased lesion symptom mapping study

Many studies have examined motor impairments using voxel-based lesion symptom mapping, but few are reported regarding the corresponding relationship between cerebral cortex injury and lower limb motor impairment analyzed using this technique. This study correlated neuro- nal injury in the cerebral cortex of 16 patients with chronic stroke based on a voxel-based lesion symptom mapping analysis. Neuronal injury in the corona radiata, caudate nucleus and putamen of patients with chronic stroke could predict walking speed. The behavioral measure scores were consistent with motor deficits expected after damage to the cortical motor system due to stroke. These findings suggest that voxel-based lesion symptom mapping may provide a more accurate prognosis of motor recovery from chronic stroke according to neuronal injury in cerebral motor cortex.

Occurrence of Rice Dry Straight Head Disease and Its Control

[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the reason of dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area, some common control measures were summarized. [Result] The characteristic of main symptoms included incidence of single plant, incidence of cluster, inclusive incidence between clusters. Sporadic normal rice grains existed in diseased spikes under the incidence of grains. The main pathogenic factors of dry straight head disease were concentration of arsenic or lack of elements, belonging to physiological disease, while the effect of other pathogenic factors could not be excluded. Heavy application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation should be conducted, white soil field should be paid more attention about the changes of disease condition with more wet and dry roasting over fields. Application time of micro fertilizer should be chosen properly, while tillering final stage and pollen formation stage must be adjusted to avoid high temperature, irrigation management should also be improved. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for preventing rice dry straight head disease.

预后营养指数对腹膜透析患者心血管疾病死亡的影响:一项多中心回顾性队列研究

背景心血管疾病(CVD)是腹膜透析(PD)患者死亡的主要原因,而营养不良是PD患者发生CVD及死亡的重要危险因素之一。预后营养指数(PNI)作为一种综合评估患者免疫、炎症和营养状态的指标,因其具有便利性与可靠性等优点,在肿瘤等多种疾病的预后评估中得到了广泛应用。然而,不同时间点的营养状态与PD患者预后之间的关系仍有待进一步探究。目的探讨PD患者首年PNI与CVD死亡之间的关系。方法本研究为多中心、回顾性观察性队列研究,纳入2000-01-01—2019-07-01在南方医科大学南方医院、南方医科大学顺德医院、佛山市第一人民医院以及赣州市人民医院4所中心置管并开始接受PD治疗的1640例PD患者作为研究对象。对患者进行随访,随访截止时间为2021-07-01,终点事件为CVD死亡并记录患者生存时间及具体死亡原因。应用限制性立方条图(RCS)分析PNI与PD患者CVD死亡风险之间的非线性关联;采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制PD患者的生存曲线,绘制PNI预测PD患者CVD死亡的受试者工作特征(ROC)曲线,并根据最佳截断值(cut-off=40.46)将患者分为低PNI组703例与高PNI组937例;采用Log-rank检验和Cox风险回归模型分析探讨PNI对PD患者CVD死亡的影响。结果本研究中位随访时间为30个月,随访期间共148例患者死亡,其中CVD死亡73例(49.32%)。RCS结果表明,PNI与CVD死亡事件呈线性关联(P for Nonlinear=0.655)。ROC曲线显示,PNI预测PD患者CVD死亡的曲线下面积(AUC)为0.717(95%CI=0.659~0.775,P<0.001),灵敏度为74.0%,特异度为58.6%。Kaplan-Meier生存分析结果显示,低PNI组CVD生存率低于高PNI组(χ^(2)=26.685,P<0.001)。多因素Cox风险回归模型分析,校正性别、年龄及CVD病史等混杂因素后,低PNI组仍是CVD死亡的独立预测因素(HR=7.76,95%CI=1.72~35.06,P=0.008),亚组分析结果仍稳健,无明显交互作用。结论PNI降低是PD患者CVD死亡的独立影响因素,PD首年PNI评分在评估PD患者预后有一定的指导意义。

急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠状态变化与预后影响因素的研究

背景脑卒中患者通常伴有睡眠状态紊乱失衡,这在临床治疗中极易被忽视,且目前针对睡眠状态是否对该类疾病预后产生影响的研究较少。目的探究急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者睡眠状态变化与预后影响的因素。方法选取2019年12月—2023年12月在华北理工大学附属开滦总医院诊治的急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者60例为病例组,根据患者出院时改良Rankin(mRS)评分,将病例组分为预后良好亚组45例,预后不良亚组15例。选取同时期无脑血管狭窄且无急性缺血性脑卒中患者52例作为对照组。收集患者一般及临床资料,比较病例组与对照组患者昼夜睡眠-觉醒节律、日间睡眠-觉醒节律、夜间睡眠-觉醒节律指标以及预后良好亚组与预后不良亚组梗死脑区分布的差异性。采用多因素Logistic回归分析探讨急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者预后不良的影响因素。结果病例组睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组睡眠周期颠倒、日间睡眠增多、夜间入睡困难所占比例高于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组日间总睡眠时间、入睡后清醒时间、浅睡眠期、深睡眠期、非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠期、快速眼动(REM)睡眠期、REM睡眠期占比、深睡眠期占比高于对照组,NREM睡眠期占比、浅睡眠期占比低于对照组(P<0.05)。病例组夜间总睡眠时间、浅睡眠期、NREM睡眠期高于对照组(P<0.05)。预后不良亚组桥脑梗死占比高于预后良好亚组(P<0.05)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,日间深睡眠期(OR=1.203,95%CI=1.032~1.401)、桥脑梗死(OR=16.497,95%CI=1.142~238.391)是急性后循环缺血性脑卒中预后不良的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论急性后循环缺血性脑卒中患者AHI增高,睡眠状态特征为睡眠周期颠倒、日间睡眠增多、夜间入睡困难,且日间深睡眠期、桥脑梗死是患者预后不良的影响因素。

Preoperative MRI Classification May Not Predict Symptom Relief after Uterine Artery Embolization in Patients with Adenomyosis

Objective:To investigate the association between magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)classification and symptom relief after uterine artery embolization(UAE)in patients with adenomyosis.Methods:Totally,73 patients with symptomatic adenomyosis who underwent UAE were retrospectively analyzed.Preoperative MRI classification was defined as:type Ⅰ,high signal on both T2-weighted images(T2WI)and T1-weighted images(T1WI);type Ⅱ,high signal only on T2WI,and type Ⅲ,high signal on neither T1WI nor T2WI.Dysmenorrhea was measured with the visual-analog scales and the degree of menorrhagia was measured according to the number of sanitary pads used in one menstrual cycle.Dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia were measured before UAE and 12 months after UAE.Results:The number of the type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ cases was 23,37,and 13,respectively.The baseline characteristics of the three groups exhibited no significant difference.The alleviation rates of dysmenorrhea among type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ cases were 73.9%,89.2%,and 84.6%,respectively(P=0.455).The alleviation rates of menorrhagia for type Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ were 69.6%,78.4%,and 92.3%,respectively(P=0.714).Conclusion:Pre-procedure MRI classification and symptom relief after UAE exhibited no significant association.UAE has a favorable mid-term control on dysmenorrhea and menorrhagia among patients with adenomyosis.Preoperative MRI classification might not indicate symptom relief.More research is needed before changing clinical practice.

Clinical Characteristics of COVID-19 Patients with Digestive Symptoms in a Tertiary Level Hospital

Background: The pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection has greatly challenged public health worldwide. A growing number of studies have reported gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms. The study aimed to estimate the various digestive symptoms frequently reported in Covid-19 patients among the adult population of Bangladesh. Methods: In this descriptive, cross-sectional study, we enrolled confirmed patients with COVID-19 who were admitted to the COVID unit of Shaheed Suhrawardy Medical college hospital, Dhaka from July 2020 to December 2020. All patients were COVID confirmed by real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and were analyzed for clinical characteristics, laboratory findings and imaging study. Results: The study population consisted of 121 COVID-19-positive patients, among them, 57.85% were male and 42.15% female. The majority (43%) of the study population were in the age group of 31 - 40 years. The male to female ratio was 1.4:1. Nearly 94.2% of the sample population were married, among them 92.9% were male and 96.1% were female. Out of 121 Covid-19 patients, 30.65% had a contact history, 17.4% had a history of traveling or residing in an area reporting COVID-19 and 11.6% of family members were affected by Covid-19. Most of the patients had a fever (95%), cough (88.4%) and dyspnoea (43.8%), pneumonia (37.4%) and severe pneumonia (36.4%). In this study, 40% patients reported a digestive symptom including diarrhea 47.9%, vomiting 55.5%, loss of appetite 16.5%, abdominal pain 29.8%, abdominal bloating 24.8%, reflux 0%, jaundice 3.3%. Regarding co-morbidities, the majority had bronchial asthma (50%) followed by hypertension 46%, diabetes 38%, obesity 23%, and CKD 14% and heart disease 3%. Among 121 COVID-19 patients, 98% had recovered from the disease and 2% of patients expired. Conclusion: Gastrointestinal symptoms are common among patients with COVID-19 and this group of patients had a long time of hospital stay from onset to admission, and higher liver enzyme levels. During the management of COVID-19 patients, clinicians need to be alert regarding suspicion of the GI features among COVID-19, so that they can diagnose early and treat effectively and immediately.

不同类型剖宫产瘢痕妊娠的病例特点与诊治分析

背景现行剖宫产瘢痕妊娠(CSP)分型依据仅参照超声影像特点,目前尚缺乏该分型标准下不同类型CSP病例临床特点的分析总结。目的探讨不同类型CSP的病例特点及诊治差异。方法纳入北京大学第三医院妇产科2014年7月—2022年6月收治的CSP患者共862例为研究对象,根据超声分型标准分为Ⅰ型、Ⅱ型、Ⅲ型组,并对其临床特点及诊治指标进行回顾性分析。结果本研究CSP患者中Ⅰ型组占36.5%(315/862),Ⅱ型组占53.1%(458/862),Ⅲ型组占10.3%(89/862)。3组患者的年龄、孕产史、既往宫腔手术史比例比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。CSP患者中腹痛发生率为24.2%(209/862),阴道出血发生率为65.0%(560/862)。3组CSP患者腹痛及阴道出血发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P=0.261、0.062)。Ⅲ型组患者诊断时停经时间为55(46,64)d,妊娠物中位径线长29.6(19.1,43.3)mm,术前血β-人绒毛膜促性腺激素(β-HCG)水平为60673(17164,122203)mU/mL,需辅助药物杀胚治疗、腹腔镜监视下手术、子宫动脉阻断率分别为27.0%(24/89)、33.7%(30/89)、32.6%(29/89),手术时长101(67,125)min,住院时间4(3,7)d,治疗花费11933.7(8760.7,15250.6)元,术后24 h累计出血量、出血≥200 mL发生率及输血率分别为83(33,178)mL、24.7%(22/89)、7.9%(7/89),均高于其他两组(P<0.001)。所有患者持续性CSP发生率为3.1%(27/862),3组持续性CSP发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=3.353,P=0.187)。结论不同类型CSP患者的年龄、孕产史、既往宫腔手术史及腹痛、阴道出血等临床特点无明显差异。Ⅰ型和Ⅱ型患者治疗侵入性较小,Ⅲ型患者的医疗资源消耗较多,对多学科团队及个体化管理有较高要求。不同类型患者经规范管理,其治疗预后均较理想。

前循环急性大血管闭塞性卒中血管内治疗成功再通后不良预后的影响因素分析

目的探讨前循环急性大血管闭塞性卒中(AIS-LVO)患者血管内治疗(EVT)成功再通后不良预后的影响因素。方法回顾性连续纳入2022年1月至2024年3月在亳州市人民医院神经内科经EVT血管成功再通[术后即刻改良脑梗死溶栓(mTICI)分级≥2b级]的前循环AIS-LVO患者,收集患者的基线及临床资料,包括性别、年龄、血管危险因素(高血压病、糖尿病、冠心病、高脂血症、心脏瓣膜病、心房颤动、吸烟、饮酒)、既往卒中或短暂性脑缺血发作、基线血压、基线美国国立卫生研究院卒中量表(NIHSS)评分、实验室检查指标(术前C反应蛋白、D-二聚体、术后次日空腹血糖、血脂、同型半胱氨酸等),并收集围手术期相关指标包括发病至入院时间、入院至穿刺时间、穿刺至血管再通时间、发病至穿刺时间、发病至血管再通时间和手术过程中是否应用补救措施(球囊扩张、支架置入术、动脉溶栓)、是否应用替罗非班,以及是否合并术后并发症(卒中相关肺炎、应激性消化道溃疡、深静脉血栓形成、急性心功能不全或肾功能不全等)。收集患者病史及影像学资料,明确入院Alberta卒中项目早期CT评分(ASPECTS)、闭塞部位(颈内动脉C1段、颈内动脉C2至C7段、大脑中动脉M1段)和急性卒中Org 10172治疗试验(TOAST)分型及术后是否存在脑梗死后出血转化和症状性颅内出血。根据术后90 d改良Rankin量表(mRS)评分将所有患者分为不良预后(mRS评分≥3分)组和良好预后(mRS评分≤2分)组。比较两组患者上述基线及临床资料,以单因素分析中P<0.1的变量为自变量,以不良预后为因变量,进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析,分析影响前循环AIS-LVO EVT成功再通后不良预后的影响因素。结果最终纳入经EVT成功再通的前循环AIS-LVO患者192例,其中男101例,女91例,不良预后组102例,良好预后组90例。单因素分析结果显示,不良预后组与良好预后组患者在年龄(Z=-3.088,P=0.002)、年龄分布(χ^(2)=13.457,P=0.001)、术后空腹血糖水平(Z=-3.347,P=0.001)、基线NIHSS评分(Z=-4.469,P<0.01)、闭塞部位分布(χ^(2)=10.488,P=0.005)、脑梗死后出血转化(χ^(2)=16.943,P<0.01)及症状性颅内出血(χ^(2)=25.449,P<0.01)方面的差异均有统计学意义,且不良预后组基线ASPECTS低于良好预后组(Z=-4.547,P<0.01)。其他基线及临床资料差异均无统计学意义(均P>0.05)。进一步行多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,年龄>80岁(OR=3.224,95%CI:1.033~10.058,P=0.044)、基线NIHSS评分(OR=1.102,95%CI:1.013~1.199,P=0.023)、基线ASPECTS(OR=0.375,95%CI:0.212~0.665,P=0.001)、症状性颅内出血(OR=7.127,95%CI:1.296~39.203,P=0.024)是不良预后的独立影响因素。结论年龄>80岁、基线NIHSS评分、基线ASPECTS和症状性颅内出血是前循环AIS-LVO患者经EVT成功再通后90 d不良预后的独立影响因素。

血清几丁质酶-3样蛋白1与血液透析患者预后关系的研究

目的探讨血清几丁质酶-3样蛋白1(chitinase 3-like protein 1,CHI3L1)与血液透析患者全因死亡和心脑血管疾病死亡之间的关系。方法本研究为前瞻性队列研究,病例来自2014年9月北京大学第三医院肾内科维持性血液透析患者。测定基线血CHI3L1水平,并根据中位数将患者分为高CHI3L1组和低CHI3L1组,随访9年。用Kaplan-Meier生存分析高CHI3L1组和低CHI3L1组患者生存率的差异,用限制性立方样条(restricted cubic spline,RCS)曲线描述CHI3L1与全因死亡率的剂量反应关系,用多因素COX比例风险模型分析患者全因死亡或心脑血管疾病死亡的独立危险因素。结果共纳入109例患者,随访时间为80.0(38.2,113.2)个月。Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示高CHI3L1组患者全因死亡率高于低CHI3L1组(χ^(2)=4.720,P=0.030),2组患者心脑血管疾病死亡率无明显差异(χ^(2)=1.954,P=0.162)。当CHI3L1≥199.8 ng/ml时,全因死亡率随着CHI3L1水平的增加有明显增加(HR=1.747,95%CI:1.035~2.947,P=0.037)。COX回归分析结果显示:年龄增加(HR=1.029,95%CI:1.001~1.056,P=0.040)、长透析龄(HR=2.251,95%CI:1.310~3.868,P=0.003)、收缩压高(HR=1.022,95%CI:1.008~1.036,P=0.002)、血肌酐低(HR=0.135,95%CI:0.064~0.283,P<0.001)均为血液透析患者全因死亡的独立危险因素,多种因素校正后高CHI3L1仍然是患者全因死亡的独立危险因素(HR=1.963,95%CI:1.010~3.813,P=0.047)。结论高CHI3L1组患者全因死亡率高于低CHI3L1组患者,血CHI3L1可能是血液透析患者全因死亡的独立预测指标。

复发性卵巢癌患者预后的危险因素分析

目的 分析复发性卵巢癌患者的预后以及危险因素,为卵巢癌的临床治疗及预后提供参考依据。方法回顾性选取2017年1月—2023年1月淮安市第一人民医院收治的40例复发性卵巢癌患者的临床资料,依据预后情况分为存活组(15例)和死亡组(25例),分析患者生存率、死亡率及影响预后生存的相关危险因素。结果 40例复发性卵巢癌患者,15例存活,生存率为37.50%,死亡25例,死亡率为62.50%。两组患者复发伴腹水、二次肿瘤细胞减灭术、靶向药物的使用与化疗疗程等因素比较,差异有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。复发伴腹水(OR=6.472,95%CI:3.161~13.249)与化疗疗程<6次(OR=3.288,95%CI:1.595~6.776)均为复发性卵巢癌患者影响预后生存时间的独立危险因素(P均<0.05),而二次肿瘤细胞减灭术(OR=0.297,95%CI:0.154~0.573)以及靶向药物的使用(OR=0.136,95%CI:0.097~0.630)均为影响生存时间的保护因素(P均<0.05)。结论复发性卵巢癌患者生存期较短,且预后较差,复发伴腹水与化疗疗程<6次均为影响复发性卵巢癌患者预后的独立危险因素。而二次肿瘤细胞减灭术以及靶向药物的使用均为影响患者预后生存时间的保护因素,临床应结合患者的自身状况,合理规范化的制订化疗方案,尽可能的延长患者生存期。

除草剂药害的产生与控制

除草剂施用过量、施用时期不当、间隔期不够、气象条件不利等可导致直接药害;蒸气压较高、雾滴过小、风力过大等可导致飘移药害;残留期长、土壤黏重、间隔期不足等可导致残留药害。分析了不同作用机理的除草剂所产生的特异性药害症状,提出了除草剂科学安全使用、添加安全剂、喷施植物生长调节剂和叶面肥、果断毁种等预防和缓解除草剂药害的有效措施。

良性阵发性位置性眩晕的临床特征及心理因素对复位后残余症状的影响研究

背景良性阵发性位置性眩晕(BPPV)是以具有自限性、易反复发作为特点的临床常见病,手法复位治疗可以取得较好疗效,复位后部分患者会出现残余症状。近年来对BPPV治疗效果影响因素的研究较多,但对具体病因间的治疗效果比较及残余症状发生的影响因素仍有待探讨。目的分析继发性BPPV的临床特征,探讨BPPV的病因分类对疾病复发率的影响及BPPV复位后发生残余症状的影响因素。方法选取2019年4月—2021年4月就诊于吉林大学第一医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科眩晕门诊及耳内科住院患者中确诊为BPPV的患者共340例,患者均同意行手法复位治疗。按是否存在原发病将患者分为原发性BPPV(原发组)、继发性BPPV(继发组)。继发组再按病因的不同分为5个亚组,主要病因包括突发性聋(SSNHL)、前庭性偏头痛(VM)、梅尼埃病(MD)、前庭神经炎(VN)、其他(如颅脑及耳部手术、Hunt综合征、颞骨骨折等)。比较原发组、继发组之间的临床特征及预后情况。随访至首次复位后3个月,再按患者随访期内有无残余症状发生将患者分为出现残余症状组、未出现残余症状组。比较两组间临床特征及不同时段(诊断时、治疗后4周、治疗后3个月)焦虑自评量表(SAS)、抑郁自评量表(SDS)评分的差异,分析BPPV复位后发生残余症状的独立影响因素。结果340例患者中,原发组184例(54.1%)、继发组156例(45.9%)。继发组较原发组患者发病年龄小,经2次以上复位治疗所占比例高,一次复位成功率低,3个月内复发率、残余症状发生率、诊断时SAS评分、诊断时SDS评分高(P<0.05)。继发性BPPV患者中不同病因患者年龄比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);其中其他(如颅脑及耳部手术、Hunt综合征、颞骨骨折等)病因患者年龄小于SSNHL、VM、MD、VN患者(P<0.05)。继发性BPPV患者中不同病因患者性别、受累半规管、复位次数、一次复位成功率、3个月内复发率、残余症状发生率及各时段SAS、SDS评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。首次复位后3个月,出现残余症状组133例,未出现残余症状组207例。残余症状主要表现为头部昏沉感(59.40%,79/133)、不稳感(24.06%,32/133)及头颈部不适(9.77%,13/133),出现两种及以上症状者占6.77%(9/133)。出现残余症状组继发性病因所占比例、复位次数>2次所占比例高于未出现残余症状组(P<0.05);出现残余症状组伴随疾病复发所占比例少于未出现残余症状组,诊断时、治疗后4周、治疗后3个月SAS、SDS评分高于未出现残余症状组(P<0.01)。多因素Logistic回归分析结果显示,诊断时SAS评分(OR=1.231,95%CI=1.117~1.357,P<0.001)、SDS评分(OR=1.209,95%CI=1.113~1.314,P<0.001)是BPPV患者复位后残余症状发生的影响因素。结论继发性BPPV具有复位后残余症状发生率较高、复发率高的特点,焦虑、抑郁情绪会影响复位后残余症状的发生。

熊鸣峰教授辨治胰十二指肠术后胃瘫经验浅析

胰十二指肠术后胃瘫是消化道肿瘤术后常见的一种并发症。对于该病的治疗,熊鸣峰教授根据30余年临床观察与经验总结,提出独特的中医十层脉辨治方法。中医十层脉法主要将脉诊细分为十层进行分析,具体包括肺脉、大肠脉、心脉、小肠脉、脾脉、胃脉、肝脉、胆脉、肾脉、膀胱脉。熊教授基于中医十层脉诊治方法,深入分析胰十二指肠术后胃瘫的病机,认为本病与肝疏泄功能密切相关,主要病机在于肝气疏泄失常导致脾胃功能受损。基于这一认识,熊教授制定了以从肝论治为主的治疗方案,强调通过调理肝气恢复脾胃的正常运化功能,以达到治疗目的。在治疗过程中,熊教授注重脉象变化,根据脉象的不同,灵活选取不同的治疗方法。他擅长整体调整、内外同治,将中医内治法与外治法相结合,通过中药内服、针灸、推拿等多种手段对患者进行整体调整,旨在恢复机体动态平衡,以期达到最佳治疗效果。临床实践证明,熊教授的治疗方法在胰十二指肠术后胃瘫的治疗中取得了显著的疗效,不仅有效缓解了患者的症状,提高了其生活质量,还缩短了病程,为患者进一步接受放化疗治疗创造了有利条件。熊教授的辨治经验值得临床医师传承和学习,以便为胰十二指肠术后胃瘫提供更多有效的治疗思路和方法。

恶性黑色素瘤患者的预后及影响因素研究

背景恶性黑色素瘤(MM)由表皮黑色素细胞恶性变而成,恶性程度极高,其防治是皮肤病领域的重点课题。目的探讨MM患者的预后情况及其影响因素。方法选取2006—2021年山西医科大学附属第一医院收治的205例肢端MM患者为研究对象。通过收集患者电子病历信息获得临床资料,以电话随访方式确认患者总生存期(OS),随访截至2022-12-31。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制MM患者OS的生存曲线,不同影响因素的生存曲线比较采用Log-rank检验。采用多因素Cox比例风险回归模型分析MM患者生存结局的影响因素。结果MM患者1年、3年和5年总生存率分别为94.6%(194/205)、81.9%(168/205)、72.6%(149/205),患者平均OS为71.77个月,中位生存期为66.83个月。不同性别、年龄、肿瘤厚度、瘤体溃疡、淋巴结转移、中性粒细胞与淋巴细胞比值(NLR)的MM患者OS比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,男性(HR=1.644,95%CI=1.148~2.498)、肿瘤厚度>1.94 mm(HR=2.466,95%CI=1.419~4.284)、瘤体溃疡(HR=1.821,95%CI=1.225~2.708)、淋巴结转移(HR=1.999,95%CI=1.305~2.892)、NLR≥3(HR=1.873,95%CI=1.108~3.166)是MM患者生存结局的影响因素(P<0.05)。结论男性、肿瘤厚度>1.94 mm、瘤体溃疡、淋巴结转移、NLR≥3为影响MM患者不良预后的因素。医务工作者可以重点关注有以上不良预后因素的MM患者,加强护理提高其生存率,从而更好地指导临床。

Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者长期预后的影响因素:基于10年随访数据

背景局部进展期胃癌主要包括Ⅲ期胃癌,以综合治疗为主,患者术后复发是影响患者预后的关键因素。目的探究Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者长期预后的影响因素。方法选取2009—2014年在复旦大学附属中山医院放疗科行D2根治术后辅助放化疗的胃癌患者为研究对象,病理结果根据国际癌症联合会(UICC)和美国肿瘤联合会(AJCC)第八版胃癌TNM分期系统进行分期,明确诊断Ⅲ期胃癌。术后所有患者在第1年每3个月随访1次,之后2年内每6个月随访1次,而后每年随访1次。随访截止日期为2021-12-15。采用Log-rank检验比较生存率的差异,采用Cox比例风险回归分析探究患者总生存时间(OS)和无病生存时间(DFS)的影响因素,列线图预测临床病理特征对预后的影响,Kaplan-Meier法比较不同pTNM分期、年龄、转移淋巴结率(LNR)、胃切除方式患者生存差异。结果共纳入行术后辅助放疗的Ⅲ期胃癌患者135例,中位随访时间10.48年。5年内复发70例,死亡62例,5年无病生存率、总生存率分别为48.1%(65/135)、54.1%(73/135);10年内复发74例,死亡74例,10年无病生存率、总生存率均为45.2%(61/135)。Log-rank检验结果显示,不同pTNM分期、pT分期、LNR、癌结节、肿瘤位置、胃切除方式患者5年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同pTNM分期、pT分期、LNR、神经浸润、胃切除方式患者10年生存率比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。多因素Cox比例风险回归分析结果显示,pTNM分期(ⅢA期,OS:HR=0.40,95%CI=0.19~0.83;DFS:HR=0.40,95%CI=0.19~0.92)、LNR(>50%,OS:HR=1.74,95%CI=1.03~2.94;DFS:HR=1.73,95%CI=1.02~2.94)、胃切除方式(全胃切除术,OS:HR=2.07,95%CI=1.22~3.50;DFS:HR=2.02,95%CI=1.20~3.41)是Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者OS和DFS的独立影响因素(P<0.05),年龄(≤40岁,HR=2.19,95%CI=1.06~4.53)是Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者OS的独立影响因素(P<0.05)。另外,列线图表明年龄、pTNM分期、LNR、胃切除方式对Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者预后有预测作用。胃癌术后患者复发情况:10例(7.4%)局部复发(放射野内吻合口和淋巴结的复发),35例(25.9%)患者出现腹、盆腔播散种植,37例(27.4%)患者出现了远处转移(包括肺、肝、骨、脑等脏器);部分患者发现了2种类型以上的复发。不同pTNM分期、年龄、LNR、胃切除方式的Ⅲ期胃癌患者术后生存曲线比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论大部分Ⅲ期胃癌D2根治术后辅助放化疗患者复发或死亡主要在5年内。pTNM分期、LNR和胃切除方式是这类患者预后的主要影响因素。

血清白介素6、空腹血糖水平与冠心病及不良心血管事件关系的研究

背景冠心病(CHD)是全世界的主要公共卫生负担之一。虽然已经制订了相应治疗策略,但CHD仍然是全球人口发病和死亡的主要原因。CHD诊断主要依靠冠状动脉造影或冠状动脉增强CT,然而基层医院设备不足,早期诊断及对预后的判断相对困难,故寻找相对简便、易获得的实验室指标,有利于为基层医生诊治CHD提供依据。目的探讨血清白介素6(IL-6)、空腹血糖(FPG)水平与CHD患者冠状动脉狭窄程度、临床分型、病变支数及不良心血管事件的关系。方法纳入2020年9—11月就诊于新疆医科大学第五附属医院的CHD患者为研究对象,收集患者的一般资料与实验室检查结果。依据Gensini积分评分标准,将患者得分结果按中位数分为轻度狭窄组(A组,Gensini积分≤33.25分,n=40)和中重度狭窄组(B组,Gensini积分>33.25分,n=40)。根据冠状动脉造影结果,将患者按照病变支数分为单支病变组(n=28)、双支病变组(n=21)及多支病变组(病变支数≥3,n=31)。根据患者临床分型,将患者分为稳定型心绞痛组(n=34)和急性冠状动脉综合征组(n=46)。采用Spearman秩相关分析探索血清IL-6、FPG与患者相关资料的关系。采用Kaplan-Meier法绘制患者的生存曲线,生存曲线的比较采用Log-rank检验。采用单因素及多因素Cox比例风险模型探究CHD患者不良心血管事件发生风险的影响因素。绘制IL-6预测不良心血管事件发生的受试者工作特征曲线(ROC曲线)。结果A组IL-6、FPG水平低于B组,多支病变组IL-6水平高于单支病变组,FPG水平高于双支病变组,急性冠状动脉综合征组IL-6、FPG水平高于稳定型心绞痛组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。Spearman秩相关分析结果显示,血清IL-6水平与临床分型、冠状动脉病变支数、Gensini积分、性别、三酰甘油(TG)、FPG有相关性,FPG水平与临床分型、冠状动脉病变支数、Gensini积分、年龄、IL-6水平有相关性(P<0.05)。按IL-6中位表达水平(45.8 ng/L)将患者分为IL-6>45.8 ng/L组(n=39)和IL-6≤45.8 ng/L组(n=41),FPG以参考值上限(6.1 mmol/L)作为分组标准,将患者分为FPG>6.1 mmol/L组(n=36)和FPG≤6.1mmol/L组(n=44)。Log-rank检验结果显示,IL-6>45.8 ng/L组不良心血管事件发生率高于IL-6≤45.8 ng/L组(76.9%与36.6%;χ^(2)=16.075,P<0.001)、FPG>6.1 mmol/L组不良心血管事件发生率高于FPG≤6.1 mmol/L组(69.4%与45.5%;χ^(2)=4.292,P=0.038)。多因素Cox比例风险模型结果显示IL-6是患者发生不良心血管事件的影响因素(HR=2.396,95%CI=1.203~6.054,P<0.05)。IL-6预测患者发生不良心血管事件的ROC曲线下面积为0.769(95%CI=0.658~0.880),最佳截断值为40.97 ng/L,灵敏度为0.867,特异度为0.683。结论血清IL-6、FPG水平与CHD及其不良预后相关,血清IL-6是CHD患者不良心血管事件发生风险的独立危险因素。