Causes of Recurrence of Rice Chilo suppressalis( Walker) in Longyou County and Prevention and Control Measures

In recent years,the occurrence of rice Chilo suppressalis( Walker) in Longyou County of Zhejiang Province has increased year by year and has become aggravated. This poses a great threat to the safety of rice production. In order to curb the recurrence momentum of rice C. suppressalis,according to the dynamic monitoring and field system survey of rice C. suppressalis in Longyou County since 2015,the causes of the annual increase of rice C. suppressalis in recent years were analyzed,and the recurrence area of C. suppressalis was introduced,and finally some prevention and control measures were put forward.

Cause and Prevention Measures of Concrete Cracks during the Construction of Road and Bridge Engineering

Road and bridge engineering is an indispensable part of socialist economic construction in China, whose construction quality significantly affects the infrastructure construction level in the whole society. To meet the rapid economic development of various regions, construction scale and quantity of road and bridge engineering have been continuously expanded and increased, therefore, higher requirements for construction quality and construction standard are also presented. During the construction of road and bridge engineering, concrete crack is a key problem which affects the construction quality. In this regard, this paper analyzes cause and prevention measures of concrete cracks during the construction of road and bridge engineering, and hopes to provide construction personnel with valuable references.

Cause Analysis and Preventive Measures of Drug Shortage

Objective To study the current situation and the root cause of drug shortage in China, and put forward countermeasures and suggestions accordingly for relevant national policy decisions. Methods Based on literature research, questionnaire survey and expert consultation, the causes of drug shortage in China were comprehensively investigated, and fishbone diagram was used to further analyze the logical relationship among the causes. Results and Conclusion The main reasons for the shortage of drugs are the low profit of production enterprises and insufficient active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The other reasons include uncertain demand, standard problem and few exclusive manufacturers. Besides, the monopoly of circulation enterprises also leads to the shortage of drugs to a certain extent. It is suggested that we should increase the punishment of monopoly, optimize the market environment, and establish a reasonable drug price mechanism. In addition, enterprises should participate in the information communication platform of medical institutions to solve the asymmetry between supply and demand. The research on clinical drugs to substitute drugs in need should be strengthened, and the reporting system of drug discontinuation should be improved.

Statistical Data Analyses on Aircraft Accidents in Japan: Occurrences, Causes and Countermeasures

We investigate the major characteristics of the occurrences, causes of and counter measures for aircraft accidents in Japan. We apply statistical data analysis and mathematical modeling techniques to determine the relations among economic growth, aviation demand, the frequency of aircraft/helicopter accidents, the major characteristics of the occurrence intervals of accidents, and the number of fatalities due to accidents. The statistical model analysis suggests that the occurrence intervals of accidents and the number of fatalities can be explained by probability distributions such as the exponential distribution and the negative binomial distribution, respectively. We show that countermeasures for preventing accidents have been developed in every aircraft model, and thus they have contributed to a significant decrease in the number of accidents in the last three decades. We find that the major cause of accidents involving large airplanes has been weather, while accidents involving small airplanes and helicopters are mainly due to the pilot error. We also discover that, with respect to accidents mainly due to pilot error, there is a significant decrease in the number of accidents due to the aging of airplanes, whereas the number of accidents due to weather has barely declined. We further determine that accidents involving small and large airplanes mostly occur during takeoff and landing, whereas those involving helicopters are most likely to happen during flight. In order to decrease the number of accidents, i) enhancing safety and security by further developing technologies for aircraft, airports and air control radars, ii) establishing and improving training methods for crew including pilots, mechanics and traffic controllers, iii) tightening public rules, and iv) strengthening efforts made by individual aviation-related companies are absolutely necessary.

Occurrence of Rice Dry Straight Head Disease and Its Control

[Objective] Cause of disease and control measures of rice dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area was discussed. [Method] Field investigation and comprehensive analysis of the literature were conducted to study the reason of dry straight head disease in Chuzhou area, some common control measures were summarized. [Result] The characteristic of main symptoms included incidence of single plant, incidence of cluster, inclusive incidence between clusters. Sporadic normal rice grains existed in diseased spikes under the incidence of grains. The main pathogenic factors of dry straight head disease were concentration of arsenic or lack of elements, belonging to physiological disease, while the effect of other pathogenic factors could not be excluded. Heavy application of organic fertilizer and crop rotation should be conducted, white soil field should be paid more attention about the changes of disease condition with more wet and dry roasting over fields. Application time of micro fertilizer should be chosen properly, while tillering final stage and pollen formation stage must be adjusted to avoid high temperature, irrigation management should also be improved. [Conclusion] The study could provide reference for preventing rice dry straight head disease.

公立医院廉政风险点分析及防范对策研究

廉政风险管理是新时代公立医院党的建设重要工作之一。本文通过对中国裁判文书网中发布的2020年和2021年公立医院腐败案件判决进行统计和分析,归纳总结公立医院易发高发的廉政风险点,根据新时代公立医院高质量发展的要求,提出了风险防范策略,以期为公立医院未来廉政风险管理提供新的思路和对策。

矿井带式输送机火灾烟流特性及其预警防控综述

为有效防控煤矿井下带式输送机火灾事故,保障煤矿工作人员的生命财产安全,系统分析矿井带式输送机火灾的起火原因、燃烧特性、烟流特性、监测预警技术及防治措施,并基于当前研究现状提出展望。结果表明:引发带式输送机火灾的主要原因是摩擦温升、电气设备故障及明火;研究带式输送机火灾燃烧和烟流特性采用的巷道火灾模型及数值模拟相关参数具有一定局限性,需综合考虑运输巷道实际工况及环境等参数;国内虽有针对带式输送机火灾的监测预警系统,但其尚有不足,需引入5G、大数据及人工智能等新兴技术予以完善,并结合硬件探测及人员管理等方面,健全煤矿带式输送机火灾防治体系,进而全面推动煤矿安全智能化建设。

考虑负摩阻力的桩基设计研究

以广东省广州市南沙区的房屋建筑工程为例,对复杂地质情况下桩周负摩阻力的桩基设计进行研究,详细分析了桩侧阻力的计算方法、桩基静载试验检测要点,探讨了桩侧阻力成因和影响因素,并提出负摩阻力防治措施。经过在复杂地质条件下的工程应用,表明本工程所提出的方案具有良好的实践效果,证明未能正确考虑桩周负摩阻力的桩基设计存在较大的安全风险,必须全面掌握桩周负摩阻力的成因、计算方法,有效进行桩基静载试验检测,采取有效的防治措施,才能确保桩基设计的安全和良好的经济效益。

地铁车站大体积混凝土裂缝产生原因及解决措施分析

地铁建设近年来流行于各大中城市,地铁车站建设工程大体积混凝土施工比较普遍,在混凝土凝固过程中由于其体积收缩以及各种压力的作用,会造成大量的墙体裂缝;大面积的裂缝会导致建筑渗漏,给地铁车站带来了很大威胁。本文从荷载、位移、温度三个方面分析了地铁车站大体积混凝土结构的开裂成因;根据裂缝的大小、深度、成因等几个角度对裂缝进行了划分;从设计、材料、施工三个角度,对如何防止混凝土开裂进行了探讨。本文研究成果对保障地铁车站大体积混凝土施工质量有一定的参考意义。

一起500kVGIL管母支柱绝缘子故障分析

为了分析某换流站的一起500 kV GIL管母支柱绝缘子故障,对故障GIL开展解体检查、结构原理分析、重力影响分析、导体膨胀仿真计算、绝缘子浇注工艺分析、绝缘子装配工艺分析等。通过研究分析,确定了GIL故障原因为三支柱绝缘子铝质金属表面与绝缘体之间存在微小间隙缺陷,在生产、运输、安装、运行等过程中小间隙逐渐扩展、劣化,最终导致击穿放电。最后从强化生产工艺控制、提升出厂检测标准、提高运输过程管控要求、加强现场超声波带电局放测试几方面提出改进建议,为后续GIL生产、运输、运维等方面提供借鉴。

东南亚地区某碾压混凝土坝裂缝成因及防治措施研究

混凝土裂缝是影响水工结构强度和耐久性的主要因素之一,东南亚地区全年高温多雨,月均最大温差较小(8.6℃),年均温差大(20.2℃),混凝土温度容易控制,但裂缝问题时有发生。依托东南亚地区某碾压混凝土坝,采用有限元研究施工期温度应力的变化规律,分析混凝土开裂的敏感因素,并就其温控防裂措施开展详细研究。结果表明,浇筑长间歇及寒潮侵袭显著影响混凝土温度应力的变化,老混凝土的强约束作用及新老混凝土的温差影响叠加寒潮应力,导致混凝土应力超标出现温度裂缝。在上述研究的基础上,进一步探讨了降低新浇混凝土温度应力的温控措施,为东南亚地区大体积混凝土工程的建设提供一定的参考。

柑橘裂果的成因与防治措施探讨

随着育种技术的进步,近年来柑橘优新品种不断增多,但部分新品种由于裂果率高严重制约了其大面积种植和推广.本文通过梳理裂果相关的研究报道以及总结田间的观察数据,系统分析了品种、砧木、气候因子、果皮结构、果实特性、营养元素、激素水平与柑橘裂果的关系;此外,基于柑橘裂果成因的分析,提出了可能有效的综合防治措施,为柑橘生产提供技术参考.

土木工程建筑中混凝土裂缝的施工处理技术分析

混凝土裂缝是土木工程建筑中的常见问题,影响结构的稳定性和美观性,通过分析裂缝形成的多种因素,包括材料、施工、环境和设计等,以及针对性的解决方案,如裂缝修补技术、结构加固技术和预防性措施,并结合实际案例,评估这些技术在实际工程中的应用效果。文章的研究结果对于提高混凝土结构的安全性、稳定性和美观性具有重要的指导意义。

加氢装置换热器垢下腐蚀原因分析及预防措施

针对加氢装置换热器的安全运行问题,首先对加氢装置换热器垢下腐蚀原因进行系统分析,在此基础上,开展加氢装置换热器垢下腐蚀预防措施研究,全面确保加氢装置换热器长期处于安全运行状态。

火力发电厂汽轮机油系统常见故障原因及防控措施

汽轮机是火力发电厂的核心设备之一,该设备在使用过程中可能出现包括油系统故障在内的各类故障,影响火力发电厂的日常工作,需要加以控制。以火力发电厂汽轮机油系统常见故障及其原因为切入点,研究防控方法,对采用智能预防机制、重视防控针对性、加强油系统结构设计、组织油系统工作数据复用研究等措施进行分析,以服务火电发电厂的后续生产活动。

Economic Analysis of Pollution Caused by Animal Farming in China

The research introduced pollution caused by animal farming on waters,agricultural lands,and atmosphere,as well as environment pollution and economic causes.Furthermore,a series of economic policies were proposed on preventing animal farming,such as definition of rights property,economic impetus and circular farming.

烟草白粉病研究进展

烟草白粉病是由专性寄生菌引起的烟草重要病害之一,主要危害烟草叶片,导致烟叶受损,严重时造成整株死亡,使烟草的产量和品质下降。烟草白粉病是严重制约烟草绿色高质量发展的重要原因之一。本文阐述了烟草白粉病的病原菌形态特征,总结了其发病原因及发生特征,综述了农业防治、化学防治、生物防治等烟草白粉病防治措施,并从抗病基因筛选、植物代谢产物开发、混合使用各类物质等方面提出了展望,以期为烟草白粉病的绿色防控提供参考。

2022年嘉兴市稻田杂草重发特点、原因分析及防控对策

由于异常高温干旱天气影响除草效果、直播栽培模式利于杂草生长、田间管理粗放易形成草害或药害等,2022年浙北平原稻区杂草发生程度重、发生类型多、防治效果差,草害明显重于常年。文章以嘉兴市为例,分析了2022年嘉兴地区稻田杂草重发特点及其原因,提出了下一步稻田杂草综合治理的对策及建议:一要完善农田基础设施,推进高标准农田建设,增强防灾减灾能力;二要大力推广水稻机插秧,改直播为移栽,减轻杂草发生;三要完善杂草防治技术,大力宣传推广,提高技术覆盖率。

一起500 kV断路器储能机构液压油缸开裂故障分析

文中针对一起500 kV断路器储能机构液压油缸开裂事故,基于外观宏观检查、油缸取样分析、有限元建模仿真、无损CT检测、电镜分析等检测数据,研究该事故发生的主导因素。结果表明,造成断路器储能机构液压油缸开裂的原因为应力腐蚀。造成应力腐蚀开裂的原因是由于阳极化层处理后材料表面硬度显著增大,并且其表面存在Cl、S腐蚀性元素,而开口位置和孔口边沿设计不合理导致存在拉应力,进而在拉应力和化学腐蚀共同作用下出现应力腐蚀现象。最后基于事故原因对制造商提出了相关改善和防范措施。

铝模混凝土质量缺陷成因及整改管控措施探析

近年来,铝模在我国建筑业模板体系中快速、大面积推广使用。该支撑体系应用于装配式结构的混凝土施工过程中,在梁板柱与剪力墙一起浇筑时,由于其透气性较差,外加业界对其混凝土施工的工艺性能了解不够深入,设计和施工经验不足,容易导致现浇构件、预制构件与现浇构件的结合部位产生气泡麻面、蜂窝空洞等质量缺陷;但业界对此问题缺乏深入研究,对其经验教训未进行充分且有效的归纳总结。结合实际工程案例,对此类问题的成因和整改措施进行了深入探讨,提出的预防管控措施有效避免了此类问题的发生。项目分析处置经验完善可靠,为业界避免类似问题的发生,提供了有益的参考借鉴价值。