The effect of hydrogen passivation on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) used for solar cells is described, and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion and passivation is also investigated. Then, the hydrogen passivation pr...The effect of hydrogen passivation on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) used for solar cells is described, and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion and passivation is also investigated. Then, the hydrogen passivation processes applied in industries and research laboratories are introduced. Finally the existing problems and the prospects of hydrogen passivation are reviewed.展开更多
In order to understand the physical mechanism of multipactor discharge on dielectric window surface under high power microwave （HPM） excitation in vacuum, an electron movement simulation model based on the particle-...In order to understand the physical mechanism of multipactor discharge on dielectric window surface under high power microwave （HPM） excitation in vacuum, an electron movement simulation model based on the particle-in-cell （PIC） Monte Carlo （MC） is built in this paper. The influences of microwave electromagnetic field and electrostatic field from dielectric surface charging are simultaneously considered in this model. During the simulation, the emission velocity and angle distribution of secondary electrons from the dielectric surface are taken into account. The movement trajectories of electron clusters under complex field excitation are obtained. The influences of emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters on the electron movement are analyzed. It is found that the emergence angle of electrons from the surface has significant effect on its movement, and both the impact energy and return time of electrons oscillate periodically with the phase of microwave field. The number of secondary electrons and induced electrostatic field from multipactoring are also investigated. The results reveal that both values oscillate periodically at twice the microwave frequency, which is due to the electron impact energy oscillating with microwave period. A schematic diagram is proposed to explain the periodical oscillation phenomena.展开更多
In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the...In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the transmitting number of molecules but it may reduce the performance of communication due to higher collision or interference with other molecules.It is also reported in the literature that the concentration of the emitted molecules reduces if the distance from Transmitter(Tx)to Receiver(Rx)increases.Thus,this paper mainly focuses on enhancing the receiver’s capture probability and higher successful complete transmission of the desired molecules by obtaining the effective distance from T-cell to B-cell.In order to find the effective distance,T-cell transmits the molecules 1(Interleukins-2)to B-cell,upon successful reception of molecules 1,antibodies(molecules 2)transmit back to T-cell.Then,the effective distance of an immune system can be obtained after T-cell detects the concentration of the molecules 2 with respect to time.Different schemes of S/W ARQ protocols have implemented in Molecular Communication(MC)but it requires retransmission of duplicate copies due to the lack of addressing an effective distance.Thus,the simulations are performed in MATLAB and the results obtain higher capture probability and also successful complete transmission of the desired molecules.展开更多
SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation is a key pathogenic factor of COVID-19.Our research,along with others',has demonstrated that mast cells(MCs)play a vital role in the initiation of hyper-inflammation...SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation is a key pathogenic factor of COVID-19.Our research,along with others',has demonstrated that mast cells(MCs)play a vital role in the initiation of hyper-inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2.In previous study,we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the accumulation of MCs in the peri-bronchus and bronchioalveolar-duct junction in humanized mice.Additionally,we found that MC degranulation triggered by the spike protein resulted in inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells,leading to subsequent lung injury.The trachea and bronchus are the routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission after virus inhalation,and inflammation in these regions could promote viral spread.MCs are widely distributed throughout the respiratory tract.Thus,in this study,we investigated the role of MCs and their degranulation in the development of inflammation in tracheal-bronchial epithelium.Histological analyses showed the accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the peri-trachea of humanized mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.MC degranulation caused lesions in trachea,and the formation of papillary hyperplasia was observed.Through transcriptome analysis in bronchial epithelial cells,we found that MC degranulation significantly altered multiple cellular signaling,particularly,leading to upregulated immune responses and inflammation.The administration of ebastine or loratadine effectively suppressed the induction of inflammatory factors in bronchial epithelial cells and alleviated tracheal injury in mice.Taken together,our findings confirm the essential role of MC degranulation in SARS-CoV-2-induced hyper-inflammation and the subsequent tissue lesions.Furthermore,our results support the use of ebastine or loratadine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-triggered degranulation,thereby preventing tissue damage caused by hyper-inflammation.展开更多
文摘The effect of hydrogen passivation on multicrystalline silicon (mc-Si) used for solar cells is described, and the mechanism of hydrogen diffusion and passivation is also investigated. Then, the hydrogen passivation processes applied in industries and research laboratories are introduced. Finally the existing problems and the prospects of hydrogen passivation are reviewed.
基金supported in part by the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China
文摘In order to understand the physical mechanism of multipactor discharge on dielectric window surface under high power microwave （HPM） excitation in vacuum, an electron movement simulation model based on the particle-in-cell （PIC） Monte Carlo （MC） is built in this paper. The influences of microwave electromagnetic field and electrostatic field from dielectric surface charging are simultaneously considered in this model. During the simulation, the emission velocity and angle distribution of secondary electrons from the dielectric surface are taken into account. The movement trajectories of electron clusters under complex field excitation are obtained. The influences of emergence angle and microwave electromagnetic parameters on the electron movement are analyzed. It is found that the emergence angle of electrons from the surface has significant effect on its movement, and both the impact energy and return time of electrons oscillate periodically with the phase of microwave field. The number of secondary electrons and induced electrostatic field from multipactoring are also investigated. The results reveal that both values oscillate periodically at twice the microwave frequency, which is due to the electron impact energy oscillating with microwave period. A schematic diagram is proposed to explain the periodical oscillation phenomena.
基金“Visvesvaraya Ph. D Scheme”, Govt. of India to give us an opportunity to complete this paper with their financial support
文摘In this paper,we present the effective distance between T-cell and B-cell in an immune system using Stop and Wait(S/W)Automatic Repeat Request(ARQ).The concentration of the molecules can be increased by increasing the transmitting number of molecules but it may reduce the performance of communication due to higher collision or interference with other molecules.It is also reported in the literature that the concentration of the emitted molecules reduces if the distance from Transmitter(Tx)to Receiver(Rx)increases.Thus,this paper mainly focuses on enhancing the receiver’s capture probability and higher successful complete transmission of the desired molecules by obtaining the effective distance from T-cell to B-cell.In order to find the effective distance,T-cell transmits the molecules 1(Interleukins-2)to B-cell,upon successful reception of molecules 1,antibodies(molecules 2)transmit back to T-cell.Then,the effective distance of an immune system can be obtained after T-cell detects the concentration of the molecules 2 with respect to time.Different schemes of S/W ARQ protocols have implemented in Molecular Communication(MC)but it requires retransmission of duplicate copies due to the lack of addressing an effective distance.Thus,the simulations are performed in MATLAB and the results obtain higher capture probability and also successful complete transmission of the desired molecules.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(82172242)the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong(2022A1515012053)+2 种基金National Key Research and Development Program of China(2022YFC2303700,2021YFE0113000)Yunnan Key Research and Development Program(202103AC100005)the State key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease,Guangzhou,China(SKLRD-OP202207).
文摘SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced hyper-inflammation is a key pathogenic factor of COVID-19.Our research,along with others',has demonstrated that mast cells(MCs)play a vital role in the initiation of hyper-inflammation caused by SARS-CoV-2.In previous study,we observed that SARS-CoV-2 infection induced the accumulation of MCs in the peri-bronchus and bronchioalveolar-duct junction in humanized mice.Additionally,we found that MC degranulation triggered by the spike protein resulted in inflammation in alveolar epithelial cells and capillary endothelial cells,leading to subsequent lung injury.The trachea and bronchus are the routes for SARS-CoV-2 transmission after virus inhalation,and inflammation in these regions could promote viral spread.MCs are widely distributed throughout the respiratory tract.Thus,in this study,we investigated the role of MCs and their degranulation in the development of inflammation in tracheal-bronchial epithelium.Histological analyses showed the accumulation and degranulation of MCs in the peri-trachea of humanized mice infected with SARS-CoV-2.MC degranulation caused lesions in trachea,and the formation of papillary hyperplasia was observed.Through transcriptome analysis in bronchial epithelial cells,we found that MC degranulation significantly altered multiple cellular signaling,particularly,leading to upregulated immune responses and inflammation.The administration of ebastine or loratadine effectively suppressed the induction of inflammatory factors in bronchial epithelial cells and alleviated tracheal injury in mice.Taken together,our findings confirm the essential role of MC degranulation in SARS-CoV-2-induced hyper-inflammation and the subsequent tissue lesions.Furthermore,our results support the use of ebastine or loratadine to inhibit SARS-CoV-2-triggered degranulation,thereby preventing tissue damage caused by hyper-inflammation.
