Achieving thermal cycle stability is an imperative challenge for the successful commercialization of solid oxide cell(SOC)technology.Ruddlesden‒Popper(R‒P)oxides,whose thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)is compatible w...Achieving thermal cycle stability is an imperative challenge for the successful commercialization of solid oxide cell(SOC)technology.Ruddlesden‒Popper(R‒P)oxides,whose thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)is compatible with common electrolytes,are promising candidates for SOC applications.However,the two-dimensional conduction characteristic of R‒P oxides leads to insufficient catalytic activity,which hinders their performance.Here,we propose a win‒win strategy for self-assembly decoration by employing a one-pot method to address this issue.By using a single perovskite oxide(La_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)FeO_(3))to modify R‒P oxide(La_(0.8)Sr_(1.2)FeO_(4+δ)),we enhanced the electrochemical performance without compromising the stability of the composite electrode.The strategic incorporation of a 10 mol%perovskite phase at 800℃ resulted in a significant 49%reduction in the polarization resistance(R_(p)),an impressive 86%increase in the maximum power density under power generation mode,and a notable 33%increase in the electrolysis current density under electrolysis mode.Furthermore,the perovskite-decorated R‒P oxide composite also exhibited high thermal and chemical stability,with negligible performance degradation observed under both thermal cycling and charge/discharge cycling conditions.Our results demonstrate that such dual-phase composites,which are simultaneously produced by a onestep process with outstanding catalytic activity and stability,can be considered an effective strategy for the advancement of SOCs.展开更多
在氢燃料电池汽车中,氢瓶中氢气的剩余量(state of charge,SOC)不仅直接决定了燃料电池车的续驶里程,而且是燃料电池与蓄电池进行动力输出分配以及氢管理的重要依据。实际气体状态方程下的压缩系数直接影响实际氢气密度的计算并最终影响...在氢燃料电池汽车中,氢瓶中氢气的剩余量(state of charge,SOC)不仅直接决定了燃料电池车的续驶里程,而且是燃料电池与蓄电池进行动力输出分配以及氢管理的重要依据。实际气体状态方程下的压缩系数直接影响实际氢气密度的计算并最终影响氢SOC值的精确度,提出的对6阶的维里方程进行简化后计算出的压缩系数可保证氢密度的精度高达0.01%。利用实验验证了压缩系数计算以及氢气密度方程的精确性,并用实际采集数据验证了氢SOC计算的可行性。展开更多
目的:通过观察寿胎丸对体外小鼠Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞SOCS1和SOCS3蛋白表达的影响,探讨寿胎丸治疗反复自然流产的分子生物学机制。方法:以OVA及IL-12刺激CD4+T细胞,建立Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞模型,按药物浓度和作用时间的不同将细胞模型...目的:通过观察寿胎丸对体外小鼠Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞SOCS1和SOCS3蛋白表达的影响,探讨寿胎丸治疗反复自然流产的分子生物学机制。方法:以OVA及IL-12刺激CD4+T细胞,建立Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞模型,按药物浓度和作用时间的不同将细胞模型分为A、B两组,其中A组又分为空白血清对照组和寿胎丸低、中、高剂量药物血清组,B组分为0h、1h、2h、4h和8h组,W estern b lotting方法分别检测SOCS1和SOCS3蛋白的表达。结果:寿胎丸中剂量和高剂量药物血清可显著降低Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞SOCS1蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时高剂量药物血清还可显著提高其SOCS3蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);寿胎丸高剂量药物血清分别作用2、4、8h均可显著降低SOCS1蛋白的表达(P<0.05),作用4h时达到最小值,高剂量药物血清分别作用2、4h可显著提高SOCS3蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),作用4h时达到最大值。结论:抑制Th细胞中SOCS1的表达和增加Th细胞中SOCS3的表达可能是寿胎丸治疗反复自然流产的分子生物学机制之一。展开更多
目的:研究正常早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织细胞因子信号转导负调控因子(Suppressors of cytok ine signaling,SOCS)基因和蛋白水平表达,以揭示SOCS在母胎界面生理性调节作用。方法:半定量RT-PCR检测早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织及原代培养早孕滋养细...目的:研究正常早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织细胞因子信号转导负调控因子(Suppressors of cytok ine signaling,SOCS)基因和蛋白水平表达,以揭示SOCS在母胎界面生理性调节作用。方法:半定量RT-PCR检测早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织及原代培养早孕滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3mRNA水平;W estern b lot检测早孕绒毛组织及蜕膜组织SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达;免疫组化定位SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3在早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织表达;ELISA检测滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞分泌IL-10、IFNγ-。结果:正常母胎界面见SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3基因表达,其中SOCS3绒毛/蜕膜阳性率73.7%/71.1%;SOCS2绒毛/蜕膜阳性率50.0%/39.5%,SOCS1最少,绒毛/蜕膜阳性率34.2%/31.6%;SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达与转录水平基本一致;正常母胎界面SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3表达主要定位于绒毛滋养细胞和蜕膜间质;体外无血清培养滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞SOCS2、SOCS3低表达,SOCS1未见表达,其分泌的IL-10随时间而增高(P<0.05)。结论:正常早孕母胎界面表达SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3,无刺激条件下滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞低表达SOCS2、SOCS3,SOCS在正常妊娠Th平衡中具有重要意义。展开更多
目的探讨细胞因子信号传导抑制因子-1(Suppressors of cytokine signaling-1,SOCS1)基因腺病毒转染未成熟的树突细胞(Dendritic cells,DC),并免疫受体小鼠,通过小鼠肝移植模型,观察免疫耐受的效果并探讨可能的机制。方法构建SOCS1腺病毒...目的探讨细胞因子信号传导抑制因子-1(Suppressors of cytokine signaling-1,SOCS1)基因腺病毒转染未成熟的树突细胞(Dendritic cells,DC),并免疫受体小鼠,通过小鼠肝移植模型,观察免疫耐受的效果并探讨可能的机制。方法构建SOCS1腺病毒并PCR鉴定,感染体外分离、培养的小鼠骨髓树突细胞,Westernblot法检测SOCS1表达。以未转染组及空白转染组为对照,免疫肝移植小鼠模型,检测受体小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR),检测血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平及肝脏组织IL-2和IFN-γmRNA表达。结果成功构建并鉴定转染腺病毒,感染DC后,SOCS1蛋白表达水平较未转染组及空白转染组显著增高(P<0.05)。SOCS1基因修饰的DC免疫肝移植模型小鼠后,受体小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞MLR较未转染组及空白对照免疫受体组小鼠显著下降(P<0.05);SOCS1-DC免疫受体小鼠血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平及肝脏mRNA表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。结论通过腺病毒转染使SOCS1在DC中过度表达,用以体内免疫同种异体肝移植受体小鼠,能有效减轻同种移植排斥反应,并在一定程度上诱导形成免疫耐受。展开更多
In order to accelerate the design of fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicles and optimize the related performance,a new modeling and simulation method for the fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicle was introduced in this ...In order to accelerate the design of fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicles and optimize the related performance,a new modeling and simulation method for the fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicle was introduced in this paper.The co-simulation platform was set up by combining MATLAB/Simulink with AVL/Cruise,where the FC engine was realized in MATLAB/Simulink and the other most vehicle components were modeled in AVL/Cruise.The performance of a certain FC hybrid vehicle with the embedded FC engine was evaluated by using the platform.Simulation results show that this method of simulation can be applied for the design of power management strategy,power unit configuration,and performance evaluation of FC hybrid vehicles.展开更多
Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic t...Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic table. The lithium atom has a strong tendency to release one electron and constitute a positive charge, as Li<sup> </sup>. Initially, lithium metal was employed as a negative electrode, which released electrons. However, it was observed that its structure changed after the repetition of charge-discharge cycles. To remedy this, the cathode mainly consisted of layer metal oxide and olive, e.g., cobalt oxide, LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, etc., along with some contents of lithium, while the anode was assembled by graphite and silicon, etc. Moreover, the electrolyte was prepared using the lithium salt in a suitable solvent to attain a greater concentration of lithium ions. Owing to the lithium ions’ role, the battery’s name was mentioned as a lithium-ion battery. Herein, the presented work describes the working and operational mechanism of the lithium-ion battery. Further, the lithium-ion batteries’ general view and future prospects have also been elaborated.展开更多
基金support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.22209191)the Ningbo Municipal People’s Government(No.2021A-162-G)+2 种基金the Ningbo Key R&D Project(Nos.2022Z027 and 2023Z103)the Chinese Academy of Sciences President’s International Fellowship Initiative(No.2024VCA0008)the Chinese Academy of Sciences。
文摘Achieving thermal cycle stability is an imperative challenge for the successful commercialization of solid oxide cell(SOC)technology.Ruddlesden‒Popper(R‒P)oxides,whose thermal expansion coefficient(TEC)is compatible with common electrolytes,are promising candidates for SOC applications.However,the two-dimensional conduction characteristic of R‒P oxides leads to insufficient catalytic activity,which hinders their performance.Here,we propose a win‒win strategy for self-assembly decoration by employing a one-pot method to address this issue.By using a single perovskite oxide(La_(0.4)Sr_(0.6)FeO_(3))to modify R‒P oxide(La_(0.8)Sr_(1.2)FeO_(4+δ)),we enhanced the electrochemical performance without compromising the stability of the composite electrode.The strategic incorporation of a 10 mol%perovskite phase at 800℃ resulted in a significant 49%reduction in the polarization resistance(R_(p)),an impressive 86%increase in the maximum power density under power generation mode,and a notable 33%increase in the electrolysis current density under electrolysis mode.Furthermore,the perovskite-decorated R‒P oxide composite also exhibited high thermal and chemical stability,with negligible performance degradation observed under both thermal cycling and charge/discharge cycling conditions.Our results demonstrate that such dual-phase composites,which are simultaneously produced by a onestep process with outstanding catalytic activity and stability,can be considered an effective strategy for the advancement of SOCs.
文摘在氢燃料电池汽车中,氢瓶中氢气的剩余量(state of charge,SOC)不仅直接决定了燃料电池车的续驶里程,而且是燃料电池与蓄电池进行动力输出分配以及氢管理的重要依据。实际气体状态方程下的压缩系数直接影响实际氢气密度的计算并最终影响氢SOC值的精确度,提出的对6阶的维里方程进行简化后计算出的压缩系数可保证氢密度的精度高达0.01%。利用实验验证了压缩系数计算以及氢气密度方程的精确性,并用实际采集数据验证了氢SOC计算的可行性。
文摘目的:通过观察寿胎丸对体外小鼠Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞SOCS1和SOCS3蛋白表达的影响,探讨寿胎丸治疗反复自然流产的分子生物学机制。方法:以OVA及IL-12刺激CD4+T细胞,建立Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞模型,按药物浓度和作用时间的不同将细胞模型分为A、B两组,其中A组又分为空白血清对照组和寿胎丸低、中、高剂量药物血清组,B组分为0h、1h、2h、4h和8h组,W estern b lotting方法分别检测SOCS1和SOCS3蛋白的表达。结果:寿胎丸中剂量和高剂量药物血清可显著降低Th1高分化的CD4+T细胞SOCS1蛋白的表达(P<0.05),同时高剂量药物血清还可显著提高其SOCS3蛋白表达水平(P<0.05);寿胎丸高剂量药物血清分别作用2、4、8h均可显著降低SOCS1蛋白的表达(P<0.05),作用4h时达到最小值,高剂量药物血清分别作用2、4h可显著提高SOCS3蛋白表达水平(P<0.05),作用4h时达到最大值。结论:抑制Th细胞中SOCS1的表达和增加Th细胞中SOCS3的表达可能是寿胎丸治疗反复自然流产的分子生物学机制之一。
文摘目的:研究正常早孕绒毛及蜕膜组织细胞因子信号转导负调控因子(Suppressors of cytok ine signaling,SOCS)基因和蛋白水平表达,以揭示SOCS在母胎界面生理性调节作用。方法:半定量RT-PCR检测早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织及原代培养早孕滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3mRNA水平;W estern b lot检测早孕绒毛组织及蜕膜组织SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达;免疫组化定位SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3在早孕绒毛组织、蜕膜组织表达;ELISA检测滋养细胞、蜕膜基质细胞分泌IL-10、IFNγ-。结果:正常母胎界面见SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3基因表达,其中SOCS3绒毛/蜕膜阳性率73.7%/71.1%;SOCS2绒毛/蜕膜阳性率50.0%/39.5%,SOCS1最少,绒毛/蜕膜阳性率34.2%/31.6%;SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3蛋白表达与转录水平基本一致;正常母胎界面SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3表达主要定位于绒毛滋养细胞和蜕膜间质;体外无血清培养滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞SOCS2、SOCS3低表达,SOCS1未见表达,其分泌的IL-10随时间而增高(P<0.05)。结论:正常早孕母胎界面表达SOCS1、SOCS2、SOCS3,无刺激条件下滋养细胞和蜕膜基质细胞低表达SOCS2、SOCS3,SOCS在正常妊娠Th平衡中具有重要意义。
文摘目的探讨细胞因子信号传导抑制因子-1(Suppressors of cytokine signaling-1,SOCS1)基因腺病毒转染未成熟的树突细胞(Dendritic cells,DC),并免疫受体小鼠,通过小鼠肝移植模型,观察免疫耐受的效果并探讨可能的机制。方法构建SOCS1腺病毒并PCR鉴定,感染体外分离、培养的小鼠骨髓树突细胞,Westernblot法检测SOCS1表达。以未转染组及空白转染组为对照,免疫肝移植小鼠模型,检测受体小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞混合淋巴细胞反应(MLR),检测血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平及肝脏组织IL-2和IFN-γmRNA表达。结果成功构建并鉴定转染腺病毒,感染DC后,SOCS1蛋白表达水平较未转染组及空白转染组显著增高(P<0.05)。SOCS1基因修饰的DC免疫肝移植模型小鼠后,受体小鼠脾脏淋巴细胞MLR较未转染组及空白对照免疫受体组小鼠显著下降(P<0.05);SOCS1-DC免疫受体小鼠血清IL-2和IFN-γ水平及肝脏mRNA表达水平均显著下降(P<0.05)。结论通过腺病毒转染使SOCS1在DC中过度表达,用以体内免疫同种异体肝移植受体小鼠,能有效减轻同种移植排斥反应,并在一定程度上诱导形成免疫耐受。
基金National High Technology Research and Development Program of China(No.2008AA050403)Shanghai Leading Academic Discipline Project,China(No.B303)and VL LIST GmbH
文摘In order to accelerate the design of fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicles and optimize the related performance,a new modeling and simulation method for the fuel cell(FC)/battery hybrid vehicle was introduced in this paper.The co-simulation platform was set up by combining MATLAB/Simulink with AVL/Cruise,where the FC engine was realized in MATLAB/Simulink and the other most vehicle components were modeled in AVL/Cruise.The performance of a certain FC hybrid vehicle with the embedded FC engine was evaluated by using the platform.Simulation results show that this method of simulation can be applied for the design of power management strategy,power unit configuration,and performance evaluation of FC hybrid vehicles.
文摘Lithium element has attracted remarkable attraction for energy storage devices, over the past 30 years. Lithium is a light element and exhibits the low atomic number 3, just after hydrogen and helium in the periodic table. The lithium atom has a strong tendency to release one electron and constitute a positive charge, as Li<sup> </sup>. Initially, lithium metal was employed as a negative electrode, which released electrons. However, it was observed that its structure changed after the repetition of charge-discharge cycles. To remedy this, the cathode mainly consisted of layer metal oxide and olive, e.g., cobalt oxide, LiFePO<sub>4</sub>, etc., along with some contents of lithium, while the anode was assembled by graphite and silicon, etc. Moreover, the electrolyte was prepared using the lithium salt in a suitable solvent to attain a greater concentration of lithium ions. Owing to the lithium ions’ role, the battery’s name was mentioned as a lithium-ion battery. Herein, the presented work describes the working and operational mechanism of the lithium-ion battery. Further, the lithium-ion batteries’ general view and future prospects have also been elaborated.
