Prevention of core cell damage in isolated islets of Langerhans by low temperature preconditioning

AIM: To study the core cell damage in isolated islets of Langerhans and its prevention by low temperature preconditioning (26 ℃).METHODS: Islets were cultured at 37 ℃ for 7-14 d after isolation, and then at 26 ℃ for 2, 4 and 7 d before additional culture at 37 ℃ for another 7 d. Core cell damage in the isolated islets was monitored by video-microscopy and analyzed quantitatively by use of a computer-assisted image analysis system. The analysis included daily measurement of the diameter and the area of the isolated islets and the area of the core cell damage that developed in those islets over time during culture. Histology and TdT-mediated dUTP-biotin nick end labeling (TUNEL) assay were used to characterize the cell damage and to monitor islet function.RESULTS: Microscopic analysis showed that during the 7 to 14 d of culture at 37 ℃, core cell damage occurred in the larger islets with diameters ＞200 μm, which included both necrotic and apoptotic cell death. Low temperature (26 ℃) culture could prevent core cell damage of isolated islets. The 7-d culture procedure at 26 ℃ could inhibit most of the core cell (excluding diameters＞300 μm) damages when the islets were re-warmed at 37 ℃.CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that core cell damage within isolated islets of Langerhans correlates with the size of islets. Low temperature (26 ℃) culture can prevent core cell damage in isolated islets, and successfully precondition these islets for incubation at 37 ℃. These novel findings may help to understand the pathophysiology of early loss of islet tissue after transplantation, and may provide a new strategy to improve graft function in the clinical setting of islet transplantation.

Effective Elastic Properties of Honeycomb Core with Fiber-Reinforced Composite Cells

Sandwich construction incorporating a honeycomb cellular core offers the attainment of structures that are very stiff and strong in bending while the weight is kept at a minimum. Generally, an aluminum or Nomex honeycomb core is used in applications requiring sandwich construction with fiber-reinforced composite facesheets. However, the use of a fiber-reinforced composite core offers the potential for even lower weight, increased stiffness and strength, low thermal distortion compatible with that of the facesheets, the absence of galvanic corrosion and the ability to readily modify the core properties to suit specialized needs. Furthermore, the material of the core itself will exhibit anisotropic material properties in this case. In order to design, analyze and optimize these structures, knowledge of the effective mechanical properties of the core is essential. In this paper, the effective three-dimensional mechanical properties of a composite hexagonal cell core are determined using a numerical method based on a finite element analysis of a representative unit cell. In particular, the geometry of the simplest repeating unit of the core as well as the appropriate loading and boundary conditions that must be applied is presented.

Electron transport properties of TiO_2 shell on Al_2O_3 core in dye-sensitized solar cells

The performance of dye-sensitized solar cells （DSSCs） is strongly affected by the properties of semiconductor nanoparticles. In this work, we used TiO2 particles prepared by TiC14 hydrolysis n times on A1203 films （A/T（n））, and investigated morphology, photoelectric, and electron transport properties of A/T（n）. The TiO2 shell was composed of 10-20 nm nanoparticles and the number of nanoparticles increased with increasing TIC14 treatment times. The highest photoelectric conversion efficiency of 3.23% was obtained as A/T（4）. IMPS results indicated that electron transport rate was high enough to conduct current, and was not the dominating effect to limit the Jsc. Jsc was mainly determined by dye loading on TiO2 and the interconnection of TiO2. These may provide a new strategy for preparing semiconductor working electrodes for DSSC.

Enrichment of Fetal Nucleated Red Blood Cells by Multi-core Magnetic Composite Particles for Non-invasive Prenatal Diagnosis

A novel kind of multi-core magnetic composite particles, the surfaces of which were respectively mo- dified with goat-anti-mouse IgG and antitransferrin receptor（anti-CD71）, was prepared. The fetal nucleated red blood cells（FNRBCs） in the peripheral blood of a gravida were rapidly and effectively enriched and separated by the mo- dified multi-core magnetic composite particles in an external magnetic field. The obtained FNRBCs were used for the identification of the fetal sex by means of fluorescence in situ hybridization（FISH） technique. The results demonstrate that the multi-core magnetic composite particles meet the requirements for the enrichment and speration of FNRBCs with a low concentration and the accuracy of detetion for the diagnosis of fetal sex reached to 95%. Moreover, the obtained FNRBCs were applied to the non-invasive diagnosis of Down syndrome and chromosome 3p21 was de- tected. The above facts indicate that the novel multi-core magnetic composite particles-based method is simple, relia- ble and cost-effective and has opened up vast vistas for the potential application in clinic non-invasive prenatal diag- nosis.

Cardiogenic differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells on elastomeric poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen core/shell fibers

AIM: To facilitate engineering of suitable biomaterials to meet the challenges associated with myocardial infarction. METHODS: Poly (glycerol sebacate)/collagen (PGS/ collagen) core/shell fibers were fabricated by core/ shell electrospinning technique, with core as PGS and shell as collagen polymer; and the scaffolds were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), contact angle and tensile testing for cardiac tissue engineering. Collagen nanofibers were also fabricated by electrospinning for comparison with core/shell fibers. Studies on cell-scaffold interaction were carriedout using cardiac cells and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) co-culture system with cardiac cells and MSCs separately serving as positive and negative controls respectively. The co-culture system was characterized for cell proliferation and differentiation of MSCs into cardiomyogenic lineage in the co-culture environment using dual immunocytochemistry. The co-culture cells were stained with cardiac specific marker proteins like actinin and troponin and MSC specific marker protein CD 105 for proving the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs. Further the morphology of cells was analyzed using SEM.RESULTS: PGS/collagen core/shell fibers, core is PGS polymer having an elastic modulus related to that of cardiac fibers and shell as collagen, providing natural environment for cellular activities like cell adhesion, proliferation and differentiation. SEM micrographs of electrospun fibrous scaffolds revealed porous, beadless, uniform fibers with a fiber diameter in the range of 380 ± 77 nm and 1192 ± 277 nm for collagen fibers and PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. The obtained PGS/collagen core/shell fibrous scaffolds were hydrophilic having a water contact angle of 17.9 ± 4.6° compared to collagen nanofibers which had a contact angle value of 30 ± 3.2°. The PGS/collagen core/shell fibers had mechanical properties comparable to that of native heart muscle with a young's modulus of 4.24 ± 0.7 MPa, while that of collagen nanofibers was comparatively higher around 30.11 ± 1.68 MPa. FTIR spectrum was performed to confirm the functional groups present in the electrospun scaffolds. Amide Ⅰ and amide Ⅱ of collagen were detected at 1638.95 cm -1 and 1551.64 cm -1 in the electrospun collagen fibers and at 1646.22 cm -1 and 1540.73 cm -1 for PGS/collagen core/shell fibers respectively. Cell culture studies performed using MSCs and cardiac cells co-culture environment, indicated that the cellproliferation significantly increased on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers and the cardiac marker proteins actinin and troponin were expressed more on PGS/collagen core/shell scaffolds compared to collagen fibers alone. Dual immunofluorescent staining was performed to further confirm the cardiogenic differentiation of MSCs by employing MSC specific marker protein, CD 105 and cardiac specific marker protein, actinin. SEM observations of cardiac cells showed normal morphology on PGS/collagen fibers and providing adequate tensile strength for the regeneration of myocardial infarction. CONCLUSION: Combination of PGS/collagen fibers and cardiac cells/MSCs co-culture system providing natural microenvironments to improve cell survival and differentiation, could bring cardiac tissue engineering to clinical application.

基于CELL宽带引擎架构的MPI研究与实现

研究了在CBEA上移植MPI消息传递编程模型和标准接口的可行性,并利用IBM CELL SDK 3.0实现了一组常用的MPI编程接口。实验结果表明,该组MPI接口可满足CBEA上应用开发的数据传输性能要求,并且其性能已接近现有DMA数据传输模式。该组MPI接口为CELL应用开发人员提供了一种通用编程接口解决方案。

基于Cell多核处理器的层次化运行时支持技术

基于Cell处理器的异构多核架构及软件显式管理的多级存储层次,使其面临编程困难和性能难以有效发挥等问题.现有基于Cell/B.E.的编程模型多侧重于支持类似于流处理的"批量访存"(bulk data transfer)应用,传统非规则访存应用性能较低.通过扩展Cell/B.E.访存库增强协处理单元的自主作用,以协处理单元为中心建立Cell计算平台上的MPI和弱一致性Pthread分层并行编程运行时支持.分层的运行时支持结构及扩展后的Cell/B.E.访存库使模型具有更好的效率和可扩展性,并且提高了非规则应用的性能;模型中的MPI方便了大量传统并行应用向新架构的移植及开发,而弱一致性Pthread则为MPI提供高效的任务运行时管理支持及为系统级用户提供对架构全面控制的编程接口.实验结果表明,提出的运行时支持技术不仅可适应不同应用的要求,同时借助访存库中的剖分优化机制可有效地挖掘Cell/B.E.架构性能.

抗鸭乙肝病毒core蛋白单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

目的制备抗鸭乙肝病毒core蛋白的单克隆抗体并进行鉴定。方法 PCR扩增鸭乙肝病毒(DHBV)core基因片段,构建表达载体pET28a(+)/DHBV core。转化诱导表达融合蛋白,用Ni 2+亲和柱纯化目的蛋白。免疫Balb/c小鼠,取脾细胞与SP2/0骨髓瘤细胞融合,ELISA筛选,采用有限稀释法筛选单克隆杂交瘤细胞并进行细胞克隆。体内诱生法大量制备单克隆抗体,进行抗体的特异性、效价和亚型的鉴定。结果成功构建表达载体pET28a(+)/DHBV core,并表达DHBV core蛋白。获得2株稳定分泌抗DHBV core抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,分别为2D7和5G10,细胞培养液抗体效价为1∶400和1∶800。选择5G10细胞株制备单克隆抗体,小鼠腹水抗体效价可达1∶320 000。鸭肝组织免疫组化结果显示,DHBV病毒载量>1010copies/mg的肝组织中DHBV core蛋白的表达明显高于病毒载量<105copies/mg的肝组织,而未感染DHBV的鸭肝细胞内不表达DHBV core蛋白。亚型鉴定结果为IgG2aκ链。结论制备并获得了抗DHBV core蛋白的单克隆抗体,为DHBV core蛋白的功能研究、诊断试剂的研制与抗病毒治疗研究奠定了基础。

Cell处理器访存特征研究

Cell处理器是一款异构多核处理器,拥有强大的计算能力。但是,在进行应用并行化时,却受到本地存储器容量、访存带宽和数据传输延时等的限制。DMA传输是隐藏长延时、提高存储带宽利用率的有效方法。本文在分析Cell处理器结构基础上,进行了一系列详细的DMA测试,并利用指数拟合技术得到DMA平均带宽模型,发现参与DMA传输的SPE数量和每次DMA传输规模是影响DMA访存带宽的主要因素。

面向Cell宽带引擎架构的异构多核访存技术

针对Cell宽带引擎架构（CBEA）多核高性能处理器要求软件显式地对分层存储结构进行管理，带来架构的可编程性及性能等问题，提出了一种基于CBEA的异构多核访存技术．将CBEA访存分为批量访存和按需访存；通过合理部署数据缓冲区来减小批量访存计算中的片内访存开销，利用支持粗粒度访问的软件管理cache及数据预取来降低按需访存的片外访存开销；以访存接口库的方式来改善软件的可编程性．实验结果表明，所提技术的访存接口库在批量访存方式下的性能比ALF和CellSs提高了30％～50％，按需访存中软件管理cache性能比CBE软件开发工具包提高了20％～30％，4路数据预取访存比单路缓存的性能提高约50％．

Type-Ⅱ Core/Shell Nanowire Heterostructures and Their Photovoltaic Applications

Nanowire-based photovoltaic devices have the advantages over planar devices in light absorption and charge transport and collection.Recently,a new strategy relying on type-Ⅱ band alignment has been proposed to facilitate efficient charge separation in core/shell nanowire solar cells.This paper reviews the type-Ⅱ heterojunction solar cells based on core/shell nanowire arrays,and specifically focuses on the progress of theoretical design and fabrication of type-Ⅱ Zn O/Zn Se core/shell nanowire-based solar cells.A strong photoresponse associated with the type-Ⅱ interfacial transition exhibits a threshold of 1.6 e V,which demonstrates the feasibility and great potential for exploring all-inorganic versions of type-Ⅱ heterojunction solar cells using wide bandgap semiconductors.Future prospects in this area are also outlooked.

Surgical management of osteonecrosis of the femoral head in patients with sickle cell disease

Sickle cell disease is a known risk factor for osteonecrosis of the hip.Necrosis within the femoral head may cause severe pain,functional limitations,and compromise quality of life in this patient population.Early stages of avascular necrosis of the hip may be managed surgically with core decompression with or without autologous bone grafting.Total hip arthroplasty is the mainstay of treatment of advanced stages of the disease in patients who have intractable pain and are medically fit to undergo the procedure.The management of hip pathology in sickle cell disease presents numerous medical and surgical challenges,and the careful perioperative management of patients is mandatory.Although there is an increased risk of medical and surgical complications in patients with sickle cell disease,total hip arthroplasty can provide substantial relief of pain and improvement of function in the appropriately selected patient.

In situ constructing of ultrastable ceramic@graphene core-shell architectures as advanced metal catalyst supports toward oxygen reduction

The changeable structure of 2 D graphene nanosheets makes the Pt-based nanoparticles（NPs） possess a low efficiency toward oxygen reduction reaction（ORR） and a short lifetime for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. Thus, a unique Ti C@graphene core-shell structure material with low surface energy is designed and prepared by an in situ forming strategy, and firstly applied as a stable support of Pt NPs.The as-prepared Pt/GNS@Ti C catalyst presents a high activity. Especially, its ORR stability is remarkably improved. Even after 15000 potential cycles, the half-wave potential and mass activity toward ORR have almost no change. This can be attributed to that the graphene nanosheet existing in a sphere shape effectively avoids the restacking or folding caused by the giant surface tension in 2 D graphene nanosheets,impeding the decrease of the triple-phase boundary on Pt NPs. Significantly, the power density of fuel cells with our novel catalyst reaches 853 m V cmunder a low Pt loading(0.25 mg Pt cm) and H/Air conditions. These indicate the new ceramic@graphene core-shell nanocomposite is a promising application in fuel cells and other fields.

HCV core通过活化Wnt/β-catenin信号通路诱导肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化

丙型病毒性肝炎(hepatitis C virus,HCV)慢性感染及肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化是原发性肝癌(hepatocellular carcinoma,HCC)的重要致病因素。且Wnt信号参与维持肝癌干细胞特性,但HCV能否通过活化Wnt信号诱导肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化尚不清楚。本室研究发现,在HCV core诱导分化的肝前体细胞中,HCV core抑制成熟肝细胞标志物Alb、CK18的表达,糖原储存能力显著下降(P <0. 05),且上调肝癌干细胞标志物EpCAM、CD133、CD44等表达。另外,HCV core增强β-联蛋白活性及表达水平,促使β-联蛋白向核内聚集,上调其下游靶基因EpCAM、细胞周期蛋白D1、C-myc的表达,沉默β-联蛋白后,Wnt/β-catenin通路其下游靶基因表达明显受到抑制,糖原储存能力部分恢复,荧光共聚焦显示HCV core与β-联蛋白在细胞核内存在共定位。因此,HCV core可能与β-联蛋白相互作用,直接活化Wnt/β-catenin通路,上调其下游靶基因EpCAM等表达,诱导肝前体细胞向肝癌干细胞分化。

New measurement of melting and thermal conductivity of iron close to outer core conditions

The amount of literature on both melting and thermal conductivity of iron at Earth’s core conditions is overwhelming and the discrepancies are very large.There is a broad range of experimental techniques each of which is flawed to a certain degree,which may explain the discrepancy.In this report,we present new data using a different method for determining the phase behavior and resistivity of iron in the laser-heated diamond cell by measuring the electrical resistance of both solid and liquid iron wires.The experiment avoids some of the major flaws of previous experiments,the most important of which is the detection of the onset of melting.These measurements confirm a shallow melting curve found earlier and the resistivity data imply a trend towards low thermal conductivity in the liquid outer core.

基于IBM CELL多核处理器的快速运动估计算法

为了充分利用CELLBE处理器SIMD技术的数据并行处理能力,本文介绍一种运动估计算法,和已有的钻石搜索算法(DS)相比该算法能够实现更精确的运动估计和更低的运动复杂度。大多数传统的快速运动估计算法只是通过减少运动估计时的搜索点的个数来减少运算复杂度。然而对于CELLBE来说,搜索点的减少并不等于运算复杂度的减少。本文提出的算法在第一步使用一个包含35点的矩形搜索框,和DS算法相比能够提高了4.32%的压缩效率。相比DS算法,我们能够减少29.5%的运算量。然后优化了inter和intra模式选择算法,使intra的运算量从11%降到了3%。

基于静态凝聚法的蜂窝芯轴向变胞元非均匀排布优化

为了有效改善蜂窝结构的强度与刚度,提出利用静态凝聚法实现变胞元的几何参数和非均匀排布同时优化的方法。根据卡氏定理,推导胞元的等效弹性模量和泊松比;沿轴向均匀划分蜂窝芯为若干列子结构,利用有限元法得到子结构的刚度矩阵;采用静态凝聚法建立超单元刚度矩阵,依据超单元节点编号装配获得蜂窝芯的整体刚度矩阵;计算蜂窝芯在剪切载荷作用下的结构变形,并与ANSYS结果比较分析。以子结构的个数以及胞元的夹角、夹板宽与斜壁长之比为设计变量,胞元的等效弹性模量最大和蜂窝芯的变形最小为设计目标,利用改进的粒子群算法进行优化并研究蜂窝芯优化前后的静、动态特性变化规律。结果表明:变胞元非均匀排布优化后,最大的位移、应力、应变均明显减小,且激励频率等于第二阶固有频率时振动最为强烈。研究结论可为蜂窝结构变胞元排布的优化设计提供指导。

单细胞RNA测序联合实验验证树突状细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病中的核心基因

目的 单细胞RNA测序(scRNA-Seq)联合实验验证树突状细胞在慢性阻塞性肺疾病(COPD)中的核心基因。方法从基因表达数据集(GEO)数据库下载单细胞数据GSE173896和芯片数据GSE38974。GSE173896进行质控、批次矫正、降维聚类、细胞类型注释及组间树突状细胞差异表达基因(DC-DEG)鉴定。GSE38974差异分析得到的差异基因(DEG)与DC-DEG取交集获取共有DC-DEG,评估共有DC-DEG对COPD的诊断效能和共有DC-DEG富集分析及其与GSE38974免疫细胞浸润中激活的树突状细胞(DC)、浆细胞样树突状细胞(pDC)和Th17细胞的相关性。肺气肿小鼠模型肺组织对共有DC-DEG的mRNA表达量进行实验验证。结果 GSE173896得到组间DC-DEG 18个,GSE38974得到646个DEG,两者取交集得到3个DC-DEG,包括白细胞介素1受体拮抗剂(IL1RN)、 S100钙结合蛋白A8(S100A8)和S100A9,曲线下面积(AUC)值分别为0.841、 0.804和0.966。基因本体论分析(GO)和京都基因与基因组百科全书(KEGG)主要富集于慢性炎症反应、含胶原蛋白的细胞外基质、晚期糖基化终产物受体(RAGE)结合、 Toll样受体(TLR)结合、白细胞介素17(IL-17)信号通路等。IL1RN、 S100A8和S100A9均与激活的DC、 pDC及Th17细胞呈正相关。实验验证结果显示肺气肿小鼠肺组织IL1RN、 S100A8和S100A9的mRNA相对表达量上调。结论 IL1RN、 S100A8和S100A9可能是DC在COPD发病机制中的核心基因,为后续COPD的免疫治疗提供潜在靶点和理论依据。

高中化学“电解池”的项目式教学设计——利用电解技术设计低碳合成氨工艺流程

以“哈伯合成氨工艺”为项目情境,以“利用电解池技术对合成氨工艺进行降碳改进”为项目任务,通过分析哈伯合成氨工艺高碳排放的原因建立初步研究思路;通过“制作简单的燃料电池”实验构建电化学认识模型,在知识层面理解电解池装置的原理及其在物质转化中的重要应用,深入理解项目任务;通过设计绿色可持续的合成氨方案,加强理论与实践的结合,培养和发展学生科学态度与社会责任化学学科核心素养。

2例甲状腺转移癌的超声学特征及临床表现:重视异常甲状腺超声图谱

超声检查对甲状腺癌的早期筛查具有重要作用。本文介绍2例分别继发于肾透明细胞癌和宫颈鳞状细胞癌的甲状腺转移癌病例,分析其临床诊治经过、超声学特征、治疗、预后,并复习文献资料。既往有恶性肿瘤病史的患者若出现非典型甲状腺病变的超声图谱,需警惕转移癌可能,粗针活组织检查联合免疫组化检测有助于及早明确诊断、及时治疗。