Phosphomonoester Phosphoethanolamine Induces Apoptosis in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells

Background:Leukemia is a type of cancer that starts in the blood or blood-forming tissues.It results from the clonal proliferation of hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and/or lymphoid tissues,which subsequently reach the peripheral circulation and can infiltrate other systems.There are many different kinds of leukemia,and treatments are different for each one.Chronic leukemia is with a slower growing than acute leukemia but could be just as life-threatening.Phospholipids are antitumor analogs,such as synthetic phosphoethanolamine,which is a phosphorylated compound capable of controlling cellular proliferation and inducing apoptosis in several types of tumor cells.Methods:K562 and K562-Lucena(MDR+)human chronic myeloid leukemia cells were treated with synthetic phosphoethanolamine(Pho-s).The viability was evaluated by sulforhodamine B(SRB)assay and cell cycle phases,apoptosis,markers expression,and mitochondrial potential were assessed by flow cytometry.Results:Tumor cells formed clusters in suspension and decreased significantly viability.The concentrations for IC50%were obtained.Pho-s treated were 43.1 mM(K562)and 145.9 mM(K562-Lucena MDR+)in a period of 24 hours.Pho-s induced changes in the distribution of cell population phases of cell cycle which showed an increase in fragmented DNA and increased markers expression envolved apoptosis pathways a decrease in the G1/G0 phase.Discussion:Treatment of K562 and K562-Lucena(MDR+)chronic myeloid leukemia cells with Pho-s showed dose and time dependent cytotoxic effects.This cytotoxicity induced a decrease in proliferative capacity,mitochondrial electrical potential,and consequently release of cytochrome C;inhibition of Bcl-2 family protein expression,increase in pro-apoptotic family members Bad and Bax,dependent on p53 expression.Conclusion:This study presented a significant therapeutic potential of Phos-s in this type of leukemia through the apoptotic effects on tumor cells independently of the molecular resistance profile(MDR+).

Development of plasma cell dyscrasias in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia:A case report

BACKGROUND Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)is a clonal hematopoietic stem cell disorder.Plasma cell dyscrasias are a rare heterogeneous group of hematological disorders.The co-occurrence of CML and plasma cell dyscrasias in the same patient is an extremely rare incident and has been reported in several cases in the literature.CASE SUMMARY In the present report,we described a rare case of the co-occurrence of CML and plasma cell dyscrasias in a 48-year-old man,and we discussed the reason why monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance progressed to smoldering multiple myeloma and eventually to multiple myeloma while being treated with dasatinib for CML.The tyrosine kinase inhibitor treatment and cytogenetic change may contribute to this phenomenon,and clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential may lead to both CML and multiple myeloma cells in a patient.Future studies are warranted to further explain the hidden reasons.CONCLUSION This case highlights that gene translocation may contribute to initiation and sustainability of clonal proliferation.Moreover,the treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitor and cytogenetic change may contribute to progression from monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance to smoldering multiple myeloma and eventually to multiple myeloma.

Allogeneic stem cell transplantation in chronic myeloid leukemia patients: Single center experience

Chronic myeloid leukemia(CML) is a myeloproliferative disease which leads the unregulated growth of myeloid cells in the bone marrow. It is characterized by the presence of Philadelphia chromosome. Reciprocal translocation of the ABL gene from chromosome 9 to 22 t(9; 22)(q34; q11.2) generate a fusion gene(BCRABL). BCR-ABL protein had constitutive tyrosine kinase activity that is a primary cause of chronic phase of CML. Tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs) are now considered standard therapy for patients with CML. Even though, successful treatment with the TKIs, allogeneic stem cell transplantation(ASCT) is still an important option for the treatment of CML, especially for patients who are resistant or intolerant to at least one second generation TKI or for patients with blastic phase. Today, we know that there is no evidence for increased transplantrelated toxicity and negative impact of survival with pretransplant TKIs. However, there are some controversies about timing of ASCT, the optimal conditioning regimens and donor source. Another important issue is that BCRABL signaling is not necessary for survival of CML stem cell and TKIs were not effective on these cells. So, ASCT may play a role to eliminate CML stem cells. In this article, we review the diagnosis, management and treatment of CML. Later, we present our center's outcomes of ASCT for patients with CML and then, we discuss the place of ASCT in CML treatment in the TKIs era.

Prognostic Significance of Apoptosis Regulators in B-Cell Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia

Background: High levels of MCL-1 and BCL-2 proteins have been found in Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL), and inversely correlated with response to treatment. BCL-2/Bax ratio is the main director of apoptosis in CLL. The study aimed to clarify the prognostic role of MCL-1, BCL-2 and BCL-2/ Bax ratio in B-CLL. Patients & method: Estimation of MCL-1, BCL-2 and Bax expressions by a flow cytometry in 45 B-CLL patients and the prognostic value of these markers were correlated with other well-known established prognostic markers and treatment response. Results: MCL-1 was expressed in 60% of cases while BCL-2 was expressed in 82.2% of cases. MCL-1 expression was significantly high in male gender, short lymphocyte doubling time (LDT), and high expression of CD 38 (p β2M, CD38 expression), low ZAP-70 expression, splenomegaly and higher Rai stage were significantly increased in patients with high expression of BCL-2 (p β2M, high C-D38 expression, low ZAP-70 expression, the poor cytogenetic and splenomegaly in patients with high expression of BCL-2/ Bax ratio (p In conclusion: MCL-1, BCL-2 expressions and BCL-2/Bax ratio could be useful potential predictive and prognostic markers in B-CLL.

Bone marrow microenvironment: The guardian of leukemia stem cells

Bone marrow microenvironment (BMM) is the main sanctuary of leukemic stem cells (LSCs) and protects these cells against conventional therapies. However, it may open up an opportunity to target LSCs by breaking the close connection between LSCs and the BMM. The elimination of LSCs is of high importance, since they follow cancer stem cell theory as a part of this population. Based on cancer stem cell theory, a cell with stem cell-like features stands at the apex of the hierarchy and produces a heterogeneous population and governs the disease. Secretion of cytokines, chemokines, and extracellular vesicles, whether through autocrine or paracrine mechanisms by activation of downstream signaling pathways in LSCs, favors their persistence and makes the BMM less hospitable for normal stem cells. While all details about the interactions of the BMM and LSCs remain to be elucidated, some clinical trials have been designed to limit these reciprocal interactions to cure leukemia more effectively. In this review, we focus on chronic myeloid leukemia and acute myeloid leukemia LSCs and their milieu in the bone marrow, how to segregate them from the normal compartment, and finally the possible ways to eliminate these cells.

Serum-free culture of dendritic cells from patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in vitro and estimation of their cytotoxicity

OBJECTIVE: To establish a serum-free culture system of dendritic cells (DCs) from chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) cells so that DCs vaccine may be applied to the adoptive immunotherapy of CML in the near future. METHODS: Fetal calf serum, serum-free medium and autologous serum were used for culture of DCs. The usage of cytokines was classified into two groups: group A (stem cell factor, granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating-factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-4) and group B (granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating-factor, tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-4). The phenotypes of DCs were analyzed by using indirect immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. Mixed leukocyte responses were performed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay. Chromosome analysis of DCs can be achieved by displaying G banding. T cells from CML patients were stimulated with autologous DCs and T-cell cytotoxicity was measured by (MTT) assay. RESULTS: CD34(+) cells or mononuclear cells were obtained from peripheral blood or bone marrow samples of eight patients of chronic-phase CML. Group A of serum-free medium was better than group B in expansion of total cell numbers and the rate of DCs. These results of serum-free medium were not significantly different from those of fetal calf serum medium, but the results of autologous serum medium were inferior to two groups above. The expression of major histocompatibility complex class II antigen on the surface of DCs was notable (> 50%), but the expression of CD83 and the costimulatory molecules CD86 was not noticeable (10% - 50%). Although CD1a(+)/CD14(-) DCs were potent stimulators of allogeneic lymphocytes, expansion of T cells from normal volunteers were not significant (average 27.2 fold at DCs: T cells ratio of 1:10). At day 12, CD1a(+) cells from three patients were studied by displaying G banding and Ph(+) cells in these populations were 100%, 98% and 60%, respectively. At an effector: target ratio of 40:1, 32% to 45% cytotoxicity was noted with DC-stimulated T cells against autologous leukemia cells. CONCLUSIONS: A stable serum-free culture system of CML-DCs was established. The expression of CD83 and CD86 on the surface of CML-DCs and DCs' potent stimulation of allogeneic lymphocytes were not notable. DCs in CML patients can be derived from the malignant clone and these malignant DCs could induce anti-leukemic reactivity in autologous T lymphocytes without the necessity for additional exogenous antigens.

长链非编码RNA KIAA0125对急性髓系白血病U937细胞增殖和凋亡的影响

背景:U937细胞可以作为急性髓系白血病细胞模型,用于研究急性髓系白血病的生物学特性、信号通路和治疗靶点。目前虽然已有研究报道长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病中呈高表达,但其在U937细胞中的生物学功能尚不清楚,在急性髓系白血病发生发展中的作用机制有待进一步阐明。目的:探讨长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病患者外周血中的表达水平及对U937细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。方法:RNA-seq分析急性髓系白血病患者骨髓单核细胞样本,筛选得到差异表达基因——长链非编码RNA KIAA0125,利用qRT-PCR检测长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病患者外周血中的表达进行验证,通过GEPIA数据库统计分析173例急性髓系白血病患者和70例健康人骨髓细胞中长链非编码RNA KIAA0125 mRNA的表达与预后的关系。随后使用重组慢病毒技术及CRISPR/Cas9-SAM技术分别构建敲低/过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125的U937细胞系,qRT-PCR检测长链非编码RNA KIAA0125敲低/过表达效率。接下来,使用CCK-8实验、流式细胞术及Western blot检测敲低/过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125对U937细胞增殖、凋亡的影响。最后,使用Western blot检测敲低/过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125对Wnt/β-catenin信号通路相关蛋白的影响。结果与结论:①qRT-PCR结果显示长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病患者外周血中呈高表达,GEPIA数据库显示长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病患者骨髓细胞中呈高表达,高表达组具有更差的生存期;②敲低组长链非编码RNA KIAA0125的敲低效率为70%,成功构建了稳定敲低长链非编码RNA KIAA0125表达的U937细胞,过表达组长链非编码RNA KIAA0125的表达是Vector组的4倍,成功构建了稳定过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125的U937细胞;③敲低长链非编码RNA KIAA0125抑制U937细胞的增殖并促进其凋亡,过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125则促进U937细胞的增殖但对U937细胞的凋亡无显著影响;④敲低长链非编码RNA KIAA0125抑制Wnt/β-catenin信号通路活性,而过表达长链非编码RNA KIAA0125则激活Wnt/β-catenin信号通路。结果表明,长链非编码RNA KIAA0125在急性髓系白血病外周血中呈高表达,其可能通过调控Wnt/β-catenin信号通路影响U937细胞的增殖和凋亡,可能是急性髓系白血病的潜在预后标志物。

Leukemia stem cells： the root of chronic myeloid leukemia

Chronic myeloid leukemia （CML） is a clonal myeloprolif- erative disorder characterized by a chromosome translocation that generates the Bcr-Abl oncogene en- coding a constitutive kinase activity. Despite remarkable success in controlling CML at chronic phase by Bcr-Abl tyrosine kinase inhibitors （TKIs）, a significant proportion of CML patients treated with TKIs develop drug resis- tance due to the inability of TKIs to kill leukemia stem cells （LSCs） that are responsible for initiation, drug re- sistance, and relapse of CML. Therefore, there is an ur- gent need for more potent and safer therapies against leukemia stem cells for curing CML. A number of LSC- associated targets and corresponding signaling path- ways, including CaMKII-y, a critical molecular switch for co-activating mu｜tipte LSC-associated signaling path- ways, have been identified over the past decades and various small inhibitors targeting LSC are also under development. Increasing evidence shows that leukemia stem cells are the root of CML and targeting LSC may offer a curable treatment option for CML patients. This review summarizes the molecular biology of LSC and its- associated targets, and the potential clinical application in chronic myeloid leukemia.

Matrix metalloproteinase-9 was involved in the immuno-modulatory defect of mesenchymal stem cell from chronic myeloid leukemia patients

Background Overwhelming evidences on chronic myeloid leukemia （CML） indicate that patients harbor quiescent CML stem cells that are responsible for blast crisis. While the hematopoietic stem cell （HSC） origin of CML was first suggested over 30 years ago, recently CML-initiating cells beyond HSCs are also being investigated. Methods We have previously isolated fetal liver kinase-l-positive （Flkl＋） cells carrying the BCR/ABL fusion gene from the bone marrow of Ph＋ patients with hemangioblast property. In this study, we isolated CML patient-derived FIk1＋CD31-CD34- mesenchymal stem cells （MSCs） and detected their biological characteristics and immunological regulation using fluorescence in situ hybridization （FISH） analysis, fluorescence activated cell sorting （FACS）, enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay, mixed lymphocyte reaction assays; then we compared these characters with those of the healthy donors. Results CML patient-derived FIk1＋CD31-CD34- MSCs had normal morphology, phenotype and karyotype while appeared impaired in immuno-modulatory function. The capacity of patient FIk1＋CD31-CD34- MSCs to inhibit T lymphocyte activation and proliferation was impaired in vitro. Conclusions CML patient-derived MSCs have impaired immuno-modulatory functions, suggesting that the dysregulation of hematopoiesis and immune response may originate from MSCs rather than hematopoietic stem cells （HSCs）. MSCs might be a potential target for developing efficacious treatment for CML.

Effects of Quercetin on Hedgehog Signaling in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia KBM7 Cells

Objective：To investigate the effects of quercetin on Hedgehog（Hh） signaling in chronic myeloid leukemia KBM7 cells.Methods：The KBM7 cells were treated with 50,100 and 200 μmol/L quercetin for48 h respectively.And then the trypan blue assay was used to examine the proliferative inhibition of quercetin.Apoptotic cells and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry.The mRNA and protein expression were detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction（PCR） and Western blot,respectively.Results：Quercetin significantly inhibited KBM7 cell proliferation,induced cell apoptosis,and blocked cell cycle at G1 phase,which were in dose-dependent manners.The mRNA and protein expression of Smoothened and Gliomal（Gli1）,the members of Hh pathway decreased after treatment with quercetin.The Bcl-2 and Cyclin D1,targets of Hh signaling,also decreased after treatment with quercetin,respectively.Quercetin also could increase p53 and Caspase-3 expression.Bcr-abl mRNA copies decreased,but no changes of phosphorylated Bcr-abl and Bcr-abl proteins were observed,after treatment with quercetin.Conclusion：Quercetin could inhibit Hh signaling and its downstream targets in the KBM7 cells.And it might be one of mechanisms of inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cell cycle by quercetin.

Allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia in the era of tyrosine kinase inhibitors

The approval of imatinib in 2001 has changed the landscape of CML management.^-3 With its excellent efficacy in the International Interferon and STI571 （IRIS）, Randomized Study of imatinib has become the standard of care for newly diagnosed patients. This change challenges the previous role of allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （allo-HSCT） in CML treatment. However,

Graft-versus-leukemia effects of Wilms＇ tumor 1 protein-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia after allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation

Background The role of Wilms＇ tumor 1 protein （WT1）-specific cytotoxic T cells （CTL） in eradicating chronic myeloid leukemia （CML） cells is to be established. The aim of this study was to determine whether WT1 contributed to the graft-versus-leukemia effects （GVLE） for CML following allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation （HSCT）. Methods High-resolution human leukocyte antigen （HLA） class I genotyping was performed by sequence-specific polymerase chain reaction （PCR）. Fifteen HLA-A~＊2402 patients with CML who underwent allogeneic HSCT were enrolled in this study. We monitored the frequency of WT1-specific CTL by pentamer assay and the molecular minimal residual disease by real-time quantitative PCR.Results A CD8＋ T-cell response to WT1 was observed in 14 of 15 patients after HSCT. The median frequencies of WT1-CTL were 0.54%, 0.62%, 0.81% and 1.28% （%CD8） on days 30, 60, 90 and 180, respectively. The median frequency of WT1-CTL （1.38%） in patients with molecular remission （MoR） was significantly higher than that in those without MoR （0.38%） on day 30, while no significant differences between them were detected on days 60, 90 and 180. The increase of WT1-CTL was associated with a decrease in bcr-abl expression and MoR; and the decrease of WT1-CTL was associated with an increase in bcr-abl expression, suggesting a WT1 -driven GVL effect. WT1-CTL had a predominant effector-memory phenotype （CD45RO＋CD27-CD57＋）.Conclusions The emergence of WT1-CTL with an effector-memory phenotype is associated with GVLE in CML patients after HSCT. This will pave the way for the WT1 vaccines to enhance GVLE after HSCT in CML.

Molecular mechanisms for survival regulation of chronic myeloid leukemia stem cells

Studies on chronic myeloid leukemia(CML)have served as a paradigm for cancer research and therapy.These studies involve the identifi cation of the fi rst cancer-associated chromosomal abnormality and the subsequent development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors(TKIs)that inhibit BCR-ABL kinase activity in CML.It becomes clear that leukemia stem cells(LSCs)in CML which are resistant to TKIs,and eradication of LSCs appears to be extremely difficult.Therefore,one of the major issues in current CML biology is to understand the biology of LSCs and to investigate why LSCs are insensitive to TKI monotherapy for developing curative therapeutic strategies.Studies from our group and others have revealed that CML LSCs form a hierarchy similar to that seen in normal hematopoiesis,in which a rare stem cell population with limitless self-renewal potential gives rise to progenies that lack such potential.LSCs also possess biological features that are different from those of normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)and are critical for their malignant characteristics.In this review,we summarize the latest progress in CML field,and attempt to understand the molecular mechanisms of survival regulation of LSCs.

Cytokine expression of T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia

Objective To evaluate the function of T cells in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) Methods Interleukin 1β (IL 1β), interleukin 2 (IL 2), interleukin 3 (IL 3), interleukin 4 (IL 4), interleukin 6 (IL 6), tumor necrosis factor alpha(TNFα), and granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM CSF) gene expressions were investigated by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR) assay in fluorescence active cell sorter (FACS) sorted peripheral blood CD2+/CD56 T cells from 12 CML patients, 10 meylodysplastic syndrome (MDS) patients and 7 normal individuals Results TNFα mRNA was transcribed in T cells from all of the CML, MDS and normal individuals IL 1β mRNA was transcribed in T cells from 10 CML, 9 MDS and 6 normal individuals Low levels of IL 2 and IL 4 mRNA were detected in 5 CML patients IL 3, IL 6 and GM CSF mRNA were undetectable in all samples Conclusion IL 4 and IL 2 were expressed abnormally in T cells of CML

奥氮平对乳腺癌相关巨噬细胞增殖与分化功能的影响

目的探讨奥氮平对乳腺癌细胞共培养体系中人急性髓系白血病细胞系THP-1细胞增殖和分化功能的影响。方法体外培养THP-1细胞、人乳腺癌MDA-MB-231细胞,建立THP-1与MDA-MB-231共培养组,用CCK-8法检测奥氮平处理后的THP-1单独组、共培养组中THP-1的活性变化;用qRT-PCR法检测奥氮平对佛波酯诱导的THP-1单独组、共培养组中THP-1表面分子CD68、CD80、CD163的表达,以及炎症因子IL-1β、IL-6、IL-12、TGF-α、TGF-β和IL-10的表达,同时进一步检测巨噬细胞极化相关miRNA分子miRNA9、miRNA155和miRNA34a的表达。结果奥氮平能抑制THP-1单独组和共培养组中THP-1的增殖活性(P<0.05);在佛波酯诱导THP-1向巨噬细胞分化的研究中,奥氮平能够显著提高THP-1单独组CD68分子的表达(P<0.05),而在共培养组中CD68、CD80、CD163的表达则均显著升高(P<0.05)。在THP-1单独组中,奥氮平仅能够促进IL-12的表达;在共培养组中,奥氮平使CCL2、CXCL10、IL-1β、IL-10、IL-6、IL-12、TNF-α表达水平显著升高(P<0.05)。在巨噬细胞分化相关miRNA的研究中,在奥氮平作用下,THP-1单独组中miR155和Let7c的表达显著升高(P<0.05),miR146、miR9和miR34a的表达变化无差异;在与MDA-MB-231共培养条件下,miR34a和Let7c显著升高(P<0.05)。结论在肿瘤细胞存在的情况下,奥氮平可参与肿瘤相关巨噬细胞表面分子、炎症因子以及巨噬细胞极化相关miRNA分子表达的调节,这为进一步利用奥氮平治疗乳腺癌提供了新思路。

儿童慢性粒细胞白血病慢性期红细胞参数及血清bFGF、TGF-β1、VEGF表达变化分析

目的探究儿童慢性粒细胞白血病(CML)慢性期红细胞参数及血清碱性成纤维细胞生长因子(bFGF)、转化生长因子β1(TGF-β1)及血管内皮生长因子(VEGF)表达变化。方法前瞻性选取2020年1月至2023年1月在首都医科大学附属北京儿童医院进行治疗的54例CML慢性期患儿为研究组,另随机抽取46名同期在本院进行体检的健康儿童为健康对照组。研究组给予酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗。比较两组间红细胞参数及血清bFGF、TGF-β1、VEGF表达变化,并比较研究组治疗前后红细胞参数及血清bFGF、TGF-β1、VEGF表达水平。结果研究组的RBC、血红蛋白、红细胞压积(HCT)及平均红细胞血红蛋白浓度(MCHC)水平分别为(3.45±0.04)×10^(12)/L、(102.33±1.15)g/L、(32.03±0.61)%、322.15±2.58,均显著低于对照组[(4.98±0.03)×10^(12)/L、(149.78±1.88)g/L、(44.33±0.31)%、334.12±0.77],平均红细胞体积(MCV)、平均红细胞血红蛋白含量(MCH)及红细胞体积分布宽度(RDW)水平分别为(91.44±0.77)fL、(33.15±2.55)pg、(17.55±0.12)%,均显著高于对照组[(89.88±0.34)fL、(30.24±0.16)pg、(12.66±0.11)%],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组的血清bFGF、VEGF水平分别为(30.66±9.66)、(128.68±30.58)pg/mL,均显著高于对照组[(5.26±1.54)、(70.66±11.26)pg/mL],TGF-β1水平为(38.22±8.06)μg/L,显著低于对照组[(78.66±8.13)μg/L],差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患儿的RBC、血红蛋白、HCT、MCV及MCH水平均较治疗前显著降低,MCHC及RDW水平均较治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组治疗后的血清bFGF、VEGF水平均较治疗前显著降低,TGF-β1水平较治疗前显著升高,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论在儿童CML慢性期患儿中可见血细胞参数明显异常,血清bFGF、VEGF水平显著升高,TGF-β1水平显著降低。酪氨酸激酶抑制剂治疗CML慢性期能有效改善患儿红细胞形态及功能,抑制肿瘤细胞生长,临床疗效显著,值得临床推广使用。

NK细胞联合Treg细胞对慢性粒细胞白血病患者酪氨酸激酶抑制剂停药的预测价值

目的探讨NK细胞及Treg细胞在慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)应用酪氨酸激酶抑制剂(tyrosine kinase inhibitor,TKI)停药患者中的变化及二者对TKI停药的预测价值。方法随机选取确诊为CML的患者200例,分为停药组(n=100)和未停药组(n=100),停药组患者进一步分为复发组(n=41)和未复发组(n=59),对患者的临床资料及随访资料进行回顾性分析。Logistic回归分析各变量对停药后结局的影响,探讨患者停药后复发的独立影响因素。采用受试者工作特征(receiver operating characteristic,ROC)曲线分析NK细胞及Treg对TKI停药后结局的预测价值。结果停药组中应用干扰素治疗的患者比例显著高于未停药组(P<0.05),而前者NK细胞(P<0.05)及Treg细胞(P<0.01)的数量显著高于后者。与复发组患者相比,未复发组患者中应用干扰素的比例显著高于前者(P<0.05),TKI治疗时间及深度分子学反应(deep molecular response,DMR)持续时间均显著大于复发组患者(P<0.05)。未复发组的NK细胞及Treg细胞的数量显著高于复发组(P<0.01)。Logistic回归分析发现,是否应用干扰素(OR=1.25,95%CI:1.11~2.03,P<0.001)、DMR持续时间(OR=1.16,95%CI:1.08~1.92,P<0.05)、NK细胞(OR=1.64,95%CI:1.14~2.28,P<0.01)、Treg细胞(OR=1.83,95%CI:1.15~2.42,P<0.01)均是停药后患者是否复发的关键影响因素。ROC曲线分析结果表明,NK细胞联合Treg细胞预测TKI停药后是否复发的AUC=0.892(95%CI:0.857~0.927,P<0.001)。结论NK细胞和Treg细胞在TKI停药未复发的患者中显著增加,二者联合对于CML患者停药是否复发具有良好的预测作用。

miR-141-5p/ZNF705A对慢性粒细胞白血病细胞源外泌体调控骨髓间充质干细胞黏附作用的机制

目的探讨慢性粒细胞白血病(chronic myeloid leukemia,CML)细胞源外泌体(exosome,Exo)中miR-141-5p/ZNF705A对骨髓间充质干细胞(bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,BMSCs)黏附作用的影响。方法电镜和NTA粒径分析检测CML患者外周血和K562细胞中的Exo形态大小;qRT-PCR和Western blot检测转染前后K562细胞的Exo、BMSCs标记分子及黏附蛋白的表达情况;细胞黏附实验检测BMSCs的黏附能力;CCK-8法检测BMSCs活性、萤光素酶实验检测miR-141-5p与ZNF705A结合情况等。结果qRT-PCR结果显示,miR-141-5p表达在CML患者和K562细胞源Exo中均明显降低;qRT-PCR和Western blot等结果表明,CML患者中BMSCs的黏附蛋白CD44和CXCL12表达明显降低,且能够吞噬K562细胞源Exo。进一步发现,与CD34^(+)细胞相比,K562源性Exo能够降低Exo促进的BMSCs中CD44和CXCL12表达和黏附作用;同时,双萤光素酶基因报告等验证miR-141-5p与ZNF705A靶向结合;最后发现通过上调K562细胞源Exo中miR-141-5p的表达,靶向抑制ZNF705A,进而促进BMSCs的活性和黏附功能。结论K562细胞下调Exo中miR-141-5p表达,减少对ZNF705A的靶向抑制,进而抑制BMSCs的黏附功能,从而调控CML患者的骨髓造血功能。

PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病U937细胞增殖、凋亡及JAK2/STAT3信号通路的影响

目的:探讨PIM1基因对急性髓系白血病(AML)U937细胞增殖、凋亡的影响,以及对JAK2/STAT3通路的调控作用。方法:收集初诊成人AML患者和单纯缺铁性贫血患者的骨髓单个核细胞,荧光定量PCR检测PIM1 mRNA表达。将AML细胞系U937细胞分为:U937组(U937细胞正常培养)、Si-PIM1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、Si-NC组(U937细胞转染不含PIM1 mRNA的低表达腺病毒载体)、CoA1组(U937细胞中加入浓度为20μmol/L的JAK2激活剂CoA1)、Si-PIM1+CoA1组(U937细胞转染含PIM1 mRNA低表达的腺病毒载体并加入浓度为20μmol/L的CoA1)。培养24 h。荧光定量PCR和蛋白印迹法检测U937细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、JAK2/STAT3通路、细胞周期、凋亡相关蛋白表达;噻唑蓝法检测细胞增殖活性;流式细胞术检测细胞周期变化及凋亡率。结果:AML患者骨髓单个核细胞中PIM1 mRNA表达水平高于单纯缺铁性贫血患者(P<0.05)。与U937组相比,Si-PIM1组细胞PIM1 mRNA和蛋白、p-JAK2/JAK2、p-STAT3/STAT3、Cyclin D1、CDK2蛋白、细胞增殖活性、S期比例、G2/M期比例降低(均P<0.05),p27、Caspase-3蛋白、G0/G1期、凋亡率升高(均P<0.05),而CoA1组上述指标的变化情况与Si-PIM1组正好相反,CoA1可逆转Si-PIM1对U937细胞的作用效果。U937组、Si-PIM1+CoA1组、Si-NC组U937细胞上述指标差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:敲低PIM1基因表达可抑制U937细胞增殖、促进凋亡,缓解ALM进程,且上述作用可能与抑制JAK2/STAT3通路活化有关。

miR-155对慢性髓细胞白血病细胞凋亡及热休克蛋白表达的影响

目的探讨微小RNA-155(miR-155)对慢性髓细胞白血病(CML)细胞凋亡情况和对热休克蛋白(HSP)27、HSP60及HSP70表达的影响。方法采用实时荧光定量逆转录PCR(RT-qPCR)分别检测miR-155在CML耐伊马替尼(IM)细胞株K562-G和CML细胞株K562中的表达水平。以携带miR-155的慢病毒和阴性对照慢病毒感染K562-G细胞,分别命名为miR-155组和对照组。细胞计数试剂盒8(CCK-8)检测miR-155对耐药细胞增殖的影响。RT-qPCR及蛋白质印迹法(Western blot)检测miR-155对HSP27、HSP60、HSP70表达的影响。流式细胞术检测miR-155组和对照组细胞的凋亡比例。结果与K562细胞相比,K562-G细胞中miR-155呈低表达(P<0.05)。miR-155组细胞的增殖情况与对照组相比从第36 h开始降低(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,miR-155组HSP60、HSP70升高(P<0.05),而HSP27降低(P<0.01)。流式细胞术检测结果显示,miR-155组细胞的凋亡率高于其对照组(P<0.05)。结论miR-155促进CML细胞的凋亡,并使细胞中的HSP60、HSP70表达升高,HSP27表达降低。