A repeated interdiffusion method is described for phase-stable and high-quality （FA,MA）PbI3 film. The crys- tallization and growth of the perovskite films can be well controlled by adjusting the reactant concentrati...A repeated interdiffusion method is described for phase-stable and high-quality （FA,MA）PbI3 film. The crys- tallization and growth of the perovskite films can be well controlled by adjusting the reactant concentrations. With this method, dense, smooth perovskite films with large crystals have been obtained. Finally, a PCE of 16.5% as well as a steady-state efficiency of 16.3% is achieved in the planar perovskite solar cell.展开更多
Repeated Unit Cell（RUC）is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element（DFE）method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions（PDBCs）to RUC is ...Repeated Unit Cell（RUC）is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element（DFE）method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions（PDBCs）to RUC is almost a standard practice to conduct such analysis.Two basic questions arising from this practice are whether Periodic Traction Boundary Conditions（PTBCs,also known as traction continuity conditions）are guaranteed and whether the solution is independent of selection of RUCs.This paper presents the theoretical aspects to tackle these questions,which unify the strong form,weak form and DFE method of the micromechanical problem together.Specifically,the solution’s independence of selection of RUCs is dealt with on the strong form side,PTBCs are derived from the weak form as natural boundary conditions,and the validity of merely applying PDBCs in micromechanical Finite Element（FE）analysis is proved by referring to its intrinsic connection to the strong form and weak form.Key points in the theoretical aspects are demonstrated by illustrative examples,and the merits of setting micromechanical FE analysis under the background of a clear theoretical framework are highlighted in the efficient selection of RUCs for Uni Directional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites.展开更多
基金supported by the National Key Basic Research Program (No.2012CB932903)Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 51402348,51421002,91433205,21173260,11474333 and 91233202)
文摘A repeated interdiffusion method is described for phase-stable and high-quality （FA,MA）PbI3 film. The crys- tallization and growth of the perovskite films can be well controlled by adjusting the reactant concentrations. With this method, dense, smooth perovskite films with large crystals have been obtained. Finally, a PCE of 16.5% as well as a steady-state efficiency of 16.3% is achieved in the planar perovskite solar cell.
文摘Repeated Unit Cell（RUC）is a useful tool in micromechanical analysis of composites using Displacement-based Finite Element（DFE）method,and merely applying Periodic Displacement Boundary Conditions（PDBCs）to RUC is almost a standard practice to conduct such analysis.Two basic questions arising from this practice are whether Periodic Traction Boundary Conditions（PTBCs,also known as traction continuity conditions）are guaranteed and whether the solution is independent of selection of RUCs.This paper presents the theoretical aspects to tackle these questions,which unify the strong form,weak form and DFE method of the micromechanical problem together.Specifically,the solution’s independence of selection of RUCs is dealt with on the strong form side,PTBCs are derived from the weak form as natural boundary conditions,and the validity of merely applying PDBCs in micromechanical Finite Element（FE）analysis is proved by referring to its intrinsic connection to the strong form and weak form.Key points in the theoretical aspects are demonstrated by illustrative examples,and the merits of setting micromechanical FE analysis under the background of a clear theoretical framework are highlighted in the efficient selection of RUCs for Uni Directional（UD）fiber-reinforced composites.
