Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have the lion share in world PV market. Solar cells made from crystalline silicon have lower conversion efficiency, hence optimization of each process steps are very important. A...Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have the lion share in world PV market. Solar cells made from crystalline silicon have lower conversion efficiency, hence optimization of each process steps are very important. Achieving low-cost photovoltaic energy in the coming years will depend on the development of third-generation solar cells. Given the trend towards these Si materials, the most promising selective emitter methods are identified to date. Current industrial monocrystalline Cz Si solar cells based on screen-printing technology for contact formation and homogeneous emitter have an efficiency potential of around 18.4%. Limitations at the rear side by the fully covering Al-BSF can be changed by selective emitter designs allowing a decoupling and separate optimization of the metallised and non-metallised areas. Several selective emitter concepts that are already in industrial mass production or close to it are presented, and their specialties and status concerning cell performance are demonstrated. Key issues that are considered here are the cost-effectiveness, added complexity, additional benefits, reliability and efficiency potential of each selective emitter tech- niques.展开更多
The emergence of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells （PSCs） causes a break through in the solar technology recently due to its fabrication processes. The dramatic enhancenlent in in 2009 to ...The emergence of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells （PSCs） causes a break through in the solar technology recently due to its fabrication processes. The dramatic enhancenlent in in 2009 to the recent certified record PCE of 22.7% superior optoelectronic properties and the low-cost power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs flom 3.8% ndicates huge potential of PSCs for future high efficiency and large scale photovoltaic manufacturing. The electron selective layer （ESL） plays an important role in electron extraction and hole blocking function in PSCs, and there have been great interest in developing efficient ESL materials. Recently, tin oxide （SnO2） as an ESL has attracted significant research attentions owing to its low temperature preparation processes as well as yielding high PCE and good stability of PSCs. In this perspective article, we focus on the development progress of SnO2 as an ESL m PSCs, and discuss the strategies for preparing SnO2 to achieve PSCs with high efficiency, less hysteresis and good device stability.展开更多
The selective toxicity of the mitochondria-specific cationic fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (Rh-123) on He La cells in culture was studied. In this report, we demonstrate that with continuous exposure, Rh-123 markedly ...The selective toxicity of the mitochondria-specific cationic fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (Rh-123) on He La cells in culture was studied. In this report, we demonstrate that with continuous exposure, Rh-123 markedly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells but had little effect on normal human kidney fibroblasts. With continuous exposure to Rh-123, the growth rate, colony forming ability, anl mitotic index of HeLa cells were decreased. The mechanism of toxicity of Rh-123 on HeLa cells was investigated by EM and enzyme cytochemistry stain. The mitochondria of carcinoma cells were the main targets for the inhibitory action of Rh-123, since they selectively accumulated the dye. At the dosage of Rh-123 which was toxic to HeLa cells, the structure and function of mitochondria were disrupted, as the mitochondria-related enzymes, i.e., ATPase, LDH and SDH were inhibited. The possible mechanism of the action of Rh-123 on HeLa cells is briefly discussed.展开更多
A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical a...A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical and then treated with a reduced A chain to give a disulfide linked conjugate that retained the original binding specificity of the antibody moiety. The conjugate obtained retained the activity of the antibody and the biological activity of the A chain well.展开更多
Oncological hyperthermia is one of the most versatile forms of oncotherapy. It can complement every conventional treatment method and be applied to any tumorous cancer, irrespective of its stages and localization. Num...Oncological hyperthermia is one of the most versatile forms of oncotherapy. It can complement every conventional treatment method and be applied to any tumorous cancer, irrespective of its stages and localization. Numerous technical realizations are conventionally compared by their thermal effect, measured by temperature. However, nonthermal (mainly electric) excitation effects are more recognized nowadays. The technical variants alter the synergy between thermal and nonthermal energy components. Nonthermal energy absorption-induced molecular mechanisms include essential behaviors like selectivity and immunogenicity. The nonthermal electromagnetic effects excite molecular changes, intracellular signals, gene expressions, and many other chemical reactions. Their synergy with thermal conditions is based on the Arrhenius law, which describes the rapid growth of chemical reactions with temperature. A unique technical realization of hyperthermia, modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT) tries to optimize the thermal and nonthermal effects. The results look very perspective, containing the high accuracy of targeting the tumor cells, the immunogenic cell death, and the activation of tumor-specific immune reactions restoring the healthy immune surveillance to destroy the cancer.展开更多
文摘Crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells have the lion share in world PV market. Solar cells made from crystalline silicon have lower conversion efficiency, hence optimization of each process steps are very important. Achieving low-cost photovoltaic energy in the coming years will depend on the development of third-generation solar cells. Given the trend towards these Si materials, the most promising selective emitter methods are identified to date. Current industrial monocrystalline Cz Si solar cells based on screen-printing technology for contact formation and homogeneous emitter have an efficiency potential of around 18.4%. Limitations at the rear side by the fully covering Al-BSF can be changed by selective emitter designs allowing a decoupling and separate optimization of the metallised and non-metallised areas. Several selective emitter concepts that are already in industrial mass production or close to it are presented, and their specialties and status concerning cell performance are demonstrated. Key issues that are considered here are the cost-effectiveness, added complexity, additional benefits, reliability and efficiency potential of each selective emitter tech- niques.
基金supported by Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission(Project no.JCYJ20170413154602102)the Project of Strategic Importance provided by Hong Kong Polytechnic University(Project no.1-ZE29)+1 种基金National High Technology Research and Development Program(Project no.2015AA050601)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Project nos.11674252,61376013,91433203)
文摘The emergence of hybrid organic-inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells （PSCs） causes a break through in the solar technology recently due to its fabrication processes. The dramatic enhancenlent in in 2009 to the recent certified record PCE of 22.7% superior optoelectronic properties and the low-cost power conversion efficiency （PCE） of PSCs flom 3.8% ndicates huge potential of PSCs for future high efficiency and large scale photovoltaic manufacturing. The electron selective layer （ESL） plays an important role in electron extraction and hole blocking function in PSCs, and there have been great interest in developing efficient ESL materials. Recently, tin oxide （SnO2） as an ESL has attracted significant research attentions owing to its low temperature preparation processes as well as yielding high PCE and good stability of PSCs. In this perspective article, we focus on the development progress of SnO2 as an ESL m PSCs, and discuss the strategies for preparing SnO2 to achieve PSCs with high efficiency, less hysteresis and good device stability.
文摘The selective toxicity of the mitochondria-specific cationic fluorescent dye rhodamine 123 (Rh-123) on He La cells in culture was studied. In this report, we demonstrate that with continuous exposure, Rh-123 markedly inhibited the growth of HeLa cells but had little effect on normal human kidney fibroblasts. With continuous exposure to Rh-123, the growth rate, colony forming ability, anl mitotic index of HeLa cells were decreased. The mechanism of toxicity of Rh-123 on HeLa cells was investigated by EM and enzyme cytochemistry stain. The mitochondria of carcinoma cells were the main targets for the inhibitory action of Rh-123, since they selectively accumulated the dye. At the dosage of Rh-123 which was toxic to HeLa cells, the structure and function of mitochondria were disrupted, as the mitochondria-related enzymes, i.e., ATPase, LDH and SDH were inhibited. The possible mechanism of the action of Rh-123 on HeLa cells is briefly discussed.
文摘A specific cytotoxic agent against gastric cancer was constructed by covalently coupling the ricin A chain to monoclonal artibody, MGb2. MGb2 was modified by SPDP to introduce the 3-(2-pyridylthio) propionyl radical and then treated with a reduced A chain to give a disulfide linked conjugate that retained the original binding specificity of the antibody moiety. The conjugate obtained retained the activity of the antibody and the biological activity of the A chain well.
文摘Oncological hyperthermia is one of the most versatile forms of oncotherapy. It can complement every conventional treatment method and be applied to any tumorous cancer, irrespective of its stages and localization. Numerous technical realizations are conventionally compared by their thermal effect, measured by temperature. However, nonthermal (mainly electric) excitation effects are more recognized nowadays. The technical variants alter the synergy between thermal and nonthermal energy components. Nonthermal energy absorption-induced molecular mechanisms include essential behaviors like selectivity and immunogenicity. The nonthermal electromagnetic effects excite molecular changes, intracellular signals, gene expressions, and many other chemical reactions. Their synergy with thermal conditions is based on the Arrhenius law, which describes the rapid growth of chemical reactions with temperature. A unique technical realization of hyperthermia, modulated electrohyperthermia (mEHT) tries to optimize the thermal and nonthermal effects. The results look very perspective, containing the high accuracy of targeting the tumor cells, the immunogenic cell death, and the activation of tumor-specific immune reactions restoring the healthy immune surveillance to destroy the cancer.
