The Effect of BCG-PSN on T-cell Subsets and Cytokines in Vernal Conjunctivitis

The effects of BCG PSN on T cell subsets and cytokines in vernal conjunctivitis were observed. The level of total IgE was quantitatively determined before and after treatment with BCG PSN by allergen diagnostic instrument in vitro . The content of T cell subsets of peripheral blood and cytokine were determined by using indirect immune fluorescence method, and IL 4 and INF γ were quantified by ELISA. The results showed that the level of total IgE was substantially reduced ( P <0.01) after treatment in the BCG PSN group. Meanwhile, CD + 8 was decreased, CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio elevated with significant differences ( P <0.05) as compared with pre treatment results. The changes in total IgE, CD + 8 ,CD + 4 and CD + 4/CD + 8 ratio after treatment also presented significant differences ( P <0.05) between BCG PSN group and routine treatment group. The level of IL 4 in serum declined ( P <0.05) after treatment in the BCG PSN group, and INF γ went up ( P <0 05). IL 4 and INF γ in serum showed significant differences ( P <0.05) between two groups after treatment. It is concluded that BCG PSN has a bi directional immunoregulating effect. It can bring CD + 4 and CD + 8 into homeostasis, thereby preventing the occurrence of anaphylaxis. At the same time, BCG PSN can restrain Th 2, decrease the synthesis of IL 4, switch the balance of Th l/Th 2 to Th 1 side, boost up the predominance of Th 1 relatively, which is propitious to perennial stabilization and recovery of vernal conjunctivitis.

CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 is responsible for LSC and correlated with imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML

Acute myeloid leukemia(AML)is regarded as a stem cell disease.However,no one unique marker is expressed on leukemia stem cells(LSC)but not on leukemic blasts nor normal hematopoietic stem cells(HSC).CD34^(+)CD38^(-)with or without CD123 or CD44 subpopulations are immunophenotypically defined as putative LSC fractions in AML.Nevertheless,markers that can be effectively and simply held responsible for the intrinsical heterogeneity of LSC is still unclear.In the present study,we examined the frequency of three different LSC subtypes(CD34^(+)CD38^(-),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD123^(+),CD34^(+)CD38^(-)CD44^(+))in AML at diagnosis.We then validated their prognostic significance on the relevance of spectral features for diagnostic stratification,immune status,induction therapy response,treatment effect maintenance,and long^(-)term survival.In our findings,high proportions of the above three different LSC subtypes were all significantly characterized with low complete remission(CR)rate,high relapse/refractory rate,poor overall survival(OS),frequent FLT3^(-)ITD mutation,the high level of regulatory T cells(Treg)and monocytic myeloid^(-)derived suppressor cells(M^(-)MDSC).However,there was no significant statistical difference in all kinds of other clinical performance among the three different LSC groups.It was demonstrated that CD34^(+)CD38^(-)subpopulation without CD123 and CD44 might be held responsible for LSC and correlated with an imbalance of immune cell subsets in AML.

In vitro incubation of cytokine-induced killer cells from patients with and without hepatitis B virus and a cell subset analysis

Objective The aim of the study was to explore the difference between immune cell subsets during the incubation of cytokine-induced kill cells （CIKs） from patients with and without hepatitis B virus （HBV）. Methods Peripheral blood samples were extracted from 50 tumor patients, and were divided into two groups according to the presence or absence of HBV. The proliferation rate and activity of CIK cells were examined based on counts on days 1, 5, 7, 9, 11, 13, and 15 of culture. Additionally, the CD3＋, CD4＋, CD8＋, CD3＋CD8＋, C＋）3＋CD4＋, and CD3＋CD56＋ T cell populations were analyzed by flow cytometry on days 5, 7, 10, 13, and 15 of culture. Results Proliferation over a 15-day period was higher in the HBV-positive group than in the negative group （280-fold vs. 180-fold increase, respectively）, but there was no significant difference between the two groups at each time point. The frequencies of CD3＋, CD8＋ T, CD3＋CD8＋, and CD3＋CD56＋T cells increased over time, while those of CD4＋ and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells decreased over time, and these changes were greater in the positive group than in the negative group. The differences in CD8＋ T cells and CD3＋CD4＋ T cells between the two groups were significant （P 〈 0.05）. Conclusion The proliferative capacity of CIK cells was higher for patients in the HBV-positive group than those in the HBV-negative group, and immune cell subsets were more favorable in the HBV-positive group than the neaative arouD.

Does East Meet West?—The Association between Oriental Tongue Inspection and Western Clinical Assays of White Blood Cell Subsets

The autonomic nervous system (ANS) controls white blood cell (WBC) subsets;therefore, the status of ANS can be assessed by assaying WBCs. However, this requires invasive blood sampling, time, cost, and training. Therefore, this study focused on a traditional technique, tongue inspection, which is a simpler method. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there is an association between the traditional method of tongue inspection and clinical assay of WBC subsets. Twenty-one female alopecia areata patients were divided into two age-matched groups: 1) alopecia areata totalis (AT);and 2) alopecia areata multiplex (AM). Images of patient tongues were captured by a digital camera and categorized before blood sampling. Finally, patients were divided into five groups (normal, Yin+, Yang–, Yin– and Yang+) based on the Eight Principles of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Concurrently, venous blood was obtained for WBC subsets. The absolute numbers of WBCs and granulocytes of the AT group were higher than those of the AM group. The AT group was Yin+ but not Yang+, whereas the AM group was Yang+ but not Yin+. Thus, the AT group showed more elements of “cold” (Yin > Yang) compared with the AM group with elements of “hot” (Yin < Yang). Tongue inspection suggested a possibility of consistence with those of WBCs although statistical significance was not obtained. Moreover, some Yin+ and Yang+ subjects showed some trend in similarities between tongue inspection and WBC subsets although this was not statistically significant. Therefore, traditional techniques (such as tongue inspection) acupuncture must be studied further to detect whether subtle effects are induced by acupuncture treatment. As this study is underpowered, a larger scale study including males is required in the future.

Dendritic cell subsets in cancer immunity and tumor antigen sensing

Dendritic cells(DCs)exhibit a specialized antigen-presenting function and play crucial roles in both innate and adaptive immune responses.Due to their ability to cross-present tumor cell-associated antigens to naïve T cells,DCs are instrumental in the generation of specific T-cell-mediated antitumor effector responses in the control of tumor growth and tumor cell dissemination.Within an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment,DC antitumor functions can,however,be severely impaired.In this review,we focus on the mechanisms of DC capture and activation by tumor cell antigens and the role of the tumor microenvironment in shaping DC functions,taking advantage of recent studies showing the phenotype acquisition,transcriptional state and functional programs revealed by scRNA-seq analysis.The therapeutic potential of DC-mediated tumor antigen sensing in priming antitumor immunity is also discussed.

Polarization and Apoptosis of T Cell Subsets in Idiopathic Thrombocytopenic Purpura

It is well-known that idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura （ITP） is an acquired organ-specific autoimmune hemorrhagic disease and dysfunctional cellular immunity is considered important in the pathophysiology of ITP. However, polarization patterns and apoptosis profiles of T lymphocytes remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the polarization of T cell subsets, the expressions of apoptotic proteins Fas/FasL on the subsets and the level of anti-apoptotic gene bcl-2 and bax mRNA. It was demonstrated that the ratios of Thl/Th2 and Tcl/Tc2 in ITP children were increased obviously and that the average percentages were increased clearly for Thl and Th2, but not for Tcl and Tc2. In ITP children, the enhancing expressions were detected for FasL on Thl and Tcl and for Fas on Th2 and Tc2. With increasing level of bcl-2 mRNA and decreasing expression of bax mRNA in ITP children, the ratio of bcl-2/bax mRNA was improved obviously, which was positive correlated with the ratio of Thl/Th2. Taken together, our findings indicate that ITP is a Thl predominant disease. This polarization pattern of T cell subsets might be related to the high ratio of bcl-2/bax mRNA and the abnormal expressions of Fas and FasL on T cell subsets.

Relationship between Various Chinese Medicine Types and T-cell Subsets in Patients with Ulcerative Colitis

Objective:To investigate the relationship between various Chinese medicine(CM) types and T-cell subsets(CD4^+ and CD8^+) in the colonic mucous membranes of patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).Methods: Fifty UC patients were enrolled,after differentiation into four types by CM syndromes,i.e.,the internal heat-damp accumulation type(IHDA),the qi-stagnancy with blood stasis type(QSBS),the Pi(脾)-Shen(肾) yang-deficiency type(PSYD) and the yin-blood deficiency type(YBD).From every patient,3-5 pieces of intestina...

Human γδT-cell subsets and their involvement in tumor mmunity

γδT cells are a conserved population of innate lymphocytes with diverse structural and functional heterogeneity that participate in various immune responses during tumor progression. γδT cells perform potent immunosurveillance by exerting direct cytotoxicity, strong cytokine production and indirect antitumor immune responses. However, certain γδT-cell subsets also contribute to tumor progression by facilitating cancer-related inflammation and immunosuppression. Here, we review recent observations regarding the antitumor and protumor roles of major structural and functional subsets of human γδT cells, describing how these subsets are activated and polarized, and how these events relate to subsequent function in tumor immunity. These studies provide insights into the manipulation of γδT-cell function to facilitate more targeted approaches for tumor therapy.

Distribution of natural killer cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood,gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue

BACKGROUND: The patient with malignant tumor always show immunologic function drawback and ingravescent with tumor development, especially in the aspect of cell-mediated immunity. This study was undertaken to define the relationship between the immune function of local cells and cancer development by investigating the distribution of natural killer (NK) cells and T-lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood, the cancer tissue and the tissue surrounding gallbladder carcinoma. METHODS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-lymphocytes and NK cells were measured by flow cytometry in samples taken from gallbladder cancer tissue, the surrounding tissues and peripheral blood of 38 patients, and compared with the numbers in the peripheral blood and gallbladder tissue of 30 patients with cholecystitis as controls. RESULTS: The numbers of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in gallbladder cancer tissues were significantly higher than those in the surrounding tissue and gallbladder with gallstone. However, the ratio of CD4(+)/CD8(+) was lower in the cancer tissue than that in the surrounding tissue and tissue from gallbladders with gallstones. The distribution of CD4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and NK cells in mucous membrane of cholecystitis gallbladder and that in the tissue surrounding gallbladder cancer were significantly different. CONCLUSIONS: Disproportionate and imbalanced distribution of NK cells and subsets of T-lymphocytes occurs in the mucous membrane proper of gallbladder cancer and surrounding tissue. Although gallbladder cancer tissue has higher expressions of CD4(+), CD8(+) and NK cells, the immune function is low or in an inhibited state. In gallbladder cancer immunization therapy, local cellular immunological function should be enhanced and the protective barrier improved.

Effects of Intraoperative Administration of Dexmedetomidine on the Percentage of T-Lymphocyte Subsets and Natural Killer Cells in Patients with Colorectal Cancer

Study Objective: To observe the effect of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on T-lymphocyte subsets and natural killer (NK) cells in the peripheral blood of perioperative patients with colorectal cancer. Design: A random double-blind control clinical study. Setting: A university hospital. Patients: Forty patients with colorectal cancer, ASA I-П. Interventions: All patients were randomly divided into a DEX group (n = 20) and a control group (n = 20). Before induction of anesthesia, epidural catheters were placed in the L1-L2 or T12-L1 intervertebral spaces. The DEX group received 1 μg/kg of DEX (200 μg/50 ml) intravenously for 15 min prior to the surgery, which was then infused at a rate of 0.5 μg/kg/h until 30 min before the end of the surgery. The control group received an intravenous infusion of saline (50 ml) instead of DEX during the same periods as the DEX group. All patients received routine anesthesia and postoperative analgesia. Measurements: Blood samples from all patients were collected at the following time points: before anesthesia (T0), 24 h after surgery (T1), 48 h after surgery (T2) and 72 h after surgery (T3). Changes in T-lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+, CD4+/CD8+) and NK cells were determined by flow cytometry. Main Results: Compared with the control group, the percentages of CD3+ and CD4+ cells and the CD4+/CD8+ ratio in the DEX group increased significantly from T1 to T3

Detection of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia and its clinical significance

Objective To study the changes of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells in peripheral blood of patients with acute leukemia(AL) and its clinical significance.Methods The different levels of peripheral blood lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells of 60 AL patients and 40 normal controls were detected with flow cytometry.Results Compared with the normal controls,the percentages of CD3+ T cells,CD4+ T cells,CD16+CD56+ NK cells and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ obviously decreased in newly diagnosed AL group(P <0.05),while their percentages of CD8+ T cells and CD19+ B cells significantly increased(P <0.01).The percentage of CD4+ T cells and the ratio of CD4+ /CD8+ in acute lymphoblastic leukemia(ALL) group were much lower than those in acute myelogenous leukemia(AML) group(P <0.01).Compared with these in control group,the proportions of CD4+ CD25high Treg cells and CD4+ CD25+ T cells in newly diagnosed AL group were significantly increased(P <0.01).Conclusion Cellular immune function is significantly abnormal in patients with AL.Compared with AML patients,ALL patients had poorer cellular immune function.The increased CD4 + CD25high Treg cells might be one of the important reasons of immunosuppression in AL.Detection of lymphocyte subsets and regulatory T cells is of clinical value on the evaluation of therapeutic effect and prognosis in AL patients.

Study on T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with Graves' disease combined with type 2 diabetes

Objective To investigate changes in T lymphocyte subsets and NK cells in patients with simple Graves’ disease(GD)and Graves’ disease combined with type 2 diabetes mellitus(GD/T2DM).Methods Fifteen cases of GD/T2DM were selected from our hospital from November 2001 to November 2004.Before and after therapy thyroid function,thyroglobulin antibody(TGA),thyroid microsomal antibody(TMA)and blood glucose level were measured,and T lymphocyte subsets(CD3,CD4,CD8,CD4/CD8)and NK cells(CD56)were measured by immunofluorescence double labeling monoclonal antibody and flow cytometry,respectively.At the same time,comparison was made with simple GD(15 cases),T2DM(15 cases)and healthy control(20 cases).Results Before therapy,CD4/CD8,CD4 and NK cells in GD/T2DM were less than normal,and there was no significant difference in comparison with simple GD(P<0.05).In T2DM group,only CD4/CD8 and CD4 were less than those of healthy controls(P<0.05).When thyroid function recovered after 1 to 3 months of methimazole treatment in both GD/T2DM and simple GD groups,various indexes recovered,which were more obvious in simple GD.Conclusion Immune hypofunction of GD may be the key to the immune abnormality of GD/T2DM,which is more significant than that of simple GD or T2DM.The recovery of thyroid function and immune abnormality is not consistent,and the recovery of GD is more significant than that of GD/T2DM.

Expression of Snail in bladder urothelial carcinoma and its relationship with E-cadherin and a subset of T cell groups

Objective To investigate the expression of Snail in bladder urothelial carcinoma and evaluate its relationship with E-cadherin and a subset of T cell groups. Methods Immunohistochemical method was used to detect the expression of Snail and E-cadherin proteins in tissue

Advanced Glycation End Products Promote Differentiation of CD4^+ T Helper Cells toward Pro-inflammatory Response

This study investigated the effect of advanced glycation end products（AGEs） on differentiation of na ve CD4＋T cells and the role of the receptor of AGEs（RAGE） and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors（PPARs） activity in the process in order to gain insight into the mechanism of immunological disorders in diabetes. AGEs were prepared by the reaction of bovine serum albumin（BSA） with glucose. Human na ve CD4＋T cells, enriched from blood of healthy adult volunteers with negative selection assay, were cultured in vitro and treated with various agents including AGEs, BSA, high glucose, PGJ2 and PD68235 for indicated time. In short hairpin（sh） RNA knock-down experiment, na ve CD4＋T cells were transduced with media containing shRNA-lentivirus generated from lentiviral packaging cell line, Lent-XTM293 T cells. Surface and intracellular cytokine stainings were used for examination of CD4＋T cell phenotypes, and real-time PCR and Western blotting for detection of transcription factor mRNA and protein expression, respectively. The suppressive function of regulatory T（Treg） cells was determined by a [3H]-thymidine incorporation assay. The results showed that AGEs induced higher pro-inflammatory Th1/Th17 cells differentiated from na ve CD4＋T cells than the controls, whereas did not affect anti-inflammatory Treg cells. However, AGEs eliminated suppressive function of Treg cells. In addition, AGEs increased RAGE mRNA expression in na ve CD4＋T cells, and RAGE knock-down by shRNA eliminated the effect of AGEs on the differentiation of CD4＋T cells and the reduction of suppressive function of Treg cells. Furthermore, AGEs inhibited the mRNA expression of PPARγ, not PPARα; PPARγ agonist, PGJ2, inhibited the effect of AGEs on na ve CD4＋T cell differentiation and reversed the AGE-reduced suppressive function of Treg cells; on the other hand, PPARγ antagonist, PD68235, attenuated the blocking effect of RAGE shRNA on the role of AGEs. It was concluded that AGEs may promote CD4＋T cells development toward pro-inflammatory state, which is associated with increased RAGE mRNA expression and reduced PPARγ activity. ＋

Immunohistochem ical Study of T Lym phocyte Subsets onFrozen Substituted Plastic Em bedding Section of the BoneMarrow from Patients with Myelodysplastic Syndrom e andIts ClinicalIm plication

An immunohistochemical study of T lymphocyte subsets on frozen substituted plastic embedding bone marrow sections obtained from 10 patients with myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) was presented. The results of qualitative and quantitative immunohistochemical analysis are as follows: (1) Labile antigens of T lymphocytes were well preserved, thus allowing analysis of distribution of T lymphocyte subsets in situ ; (2) the average number of T 3, T 4 and T 8 lymphocyte of the diffuse infiltrate was about 2 %, 0.4 %, 0.5 %, respectively, of all nucleated cells in bone marrow, and T 4/T 8 of T cells were below 1.0 in patients with MDS; (3) there were cases of RAS showing T lymphocyte aggregation in bone marrow, but no patient exhibited progressive refractory anemia with excess of blasts(RAEB) and RAEB in transformation (RAEBT). These findings indicated that the immunological abnormalities are of importance in the evaluation of pathogenesis and prognosis of MDS.

Increased CD4^+CD45RA^-FoxP3^(low) cells alter the balance between Treg and Th17 cells in colitis mice

AIM To investigate the role of regulatory T cell(Treg) subsets in the balance between Treg and T helper 17(Th17) cells in various tissues from mice with dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis.METHODS T r e g c e l l s, T r e g c e l l s u b s e t s, T h 1 7 c e l l s, a n d CD4+CD25+FoxP 3+IL-17+ cells from the lamina propria of colon(LPC) and other ulcerative colitis(UC) mouse tissues were evaluated by flow cytometry. Forkhead box protein 3(FoxP 3), interleukin 17A(IL-17A), and RORC m RNA levels were assessed by real-time PCR, while interleukin-10(IL-10) and IL-17 A levels were detected with a Cytometric Beads Array.RESULTS In peripheral blood monocytes(PBMC), mesenteric lymphnode(MLN), lamina propria of jejunum(LPJ) and LPC from UC mice, Treg cell numbers were increased(P < 0.05), and FoxP 3 and IL-10 mR NA levels were decreased. Th17 cell numbers were also increased in PBMC and LPC, as were IL-17 A levels in PBMC, LPJ, and serum. The number of FrI subset cells(CD4+CD45RA+FoxP 3low) was increased in the spleen, MLN, LPJ, and LPC. FrI I subset cells(CD4+CD45RA-Fox P3high) were decreased among PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC, but the number of Fr III cells(CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low) and CD4+CD25+FoxP 3+IL-17A+ cells was increased. Fox P3 m RNA levels in CD4+CD45RA-Fox P3 low cells decreased in PBMC, MLN, LPJ, and LPC in UC mice, while IL-17 A and RORC mR NA increased. In UC mice the distribution of Treg, Th17 cells, CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3high, and CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low cells was higher in LPC relative to other tissues.CONCLUSION Increased numbers of CD4+CD45RA-FoxP 3low cells may cause an imbalance between Treg and Th17 cells that is mainly localized to the LPC rather than secondary lymphoid tissues.

Recovery of natural killer cells is mainly in post-treatment period in chronic hepatitis C patients treated with sofosbuvir plus ledipasvir

AIM To investigate how natural killer(NK) cells are affected in the elimination of hepatitis C virus(HCV) by sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, two highly effective direct-acting antivirals(DAAs). METHODS Thirteen treatment-na?ve and treatment-experienced chronic hepatitis C(CHC) patients were treated with sofosbuvir/ledipasvir, and NK cells were detected at baseline, weeks 2, 4, 8 and 12 during therapy, and week post of treatment(Pt)-12 and 24 after the end of therapy by multicolor flow cytometry and compared with those from 13 healthy controls. RESULTS All patients achieved sustained virological response. There was a significant decline in CD56^(bright) NK cell frequencies at week 8(P = 0.002) and week 12(P = 0.003), which were altered to the level comparable to healthy controls at week Pt-12, but no difference was observed in the frequency of CD56^(dim) NK cells. Compared with healthy controls, the expression levels of NKG2A, NKp30 and CD94 on NK cells from CHC patients at baseline were higher. NKG2A, NKp30 and CD94 started to recover at week 12 and reached the levels similar to those of healthy controls at week Pt-12 or Pt-24. Before treatment, patients have higher interferon(IFN)-γ and perforin levels than healthy controls, and IFN-γ started to recover at week 8 and reached the normalized level at week Pt-12. CONCLUSION NK cells of CHC patients can be affected by DAAs, and phenotypes and function of NK cells recover not at early stage but mainly after the end of sofosbuvir/ledipasvir treatment.

A novel microfluidic flow-cytometry for counting numbers of single-cell β-actins

As a house keeping protein with stable expressions, β-actin is used as a loading control in normalization of western blotting. However, the actual numbers of β-actins at the single-cell level remain elusive. Based on a homedeveloped flow cytometry, single-cell numbers of β-actin from 8 cell types(subtypes) and 2 tumour patient samples were quantified as 9.62 ± 4.29 × 105(A549, Ncell= 14,242), 6.46 ± 3.34 × 105(Hep G2, Ncell= 35,932),1.58 ± 0.90 × 106(MCF 10 A, N6 cell= 16,650), 1.08 ± 0.48 × 10(HeLa, Ncell= 26,151), 7.60 ± 4.34 × 105(PC3, Ncell= 11,922), 1.10 ± 0.72 × 106(SACC-83, Ncell= 13,616), 8.58 ± 4.54 × 105(CAL 27, Ncell= 7271),9.00 ± 4.69 × 105(CAL 27-LN2, Ncell= 6222), 8.26 ± 4.48 × 105(Oral Tumour Patient I, Ncell= 359), and8.19 ± 5.12 × 105(Oral Tumour Patient II, Ncell= 175), and were analyzed by statistical approaches including one-way analysis of variance, neural network based pattern recognition and Bayesian estimation, with varied expressions of β-actins among different cell types located. The dataset reported in this study may serve as a reference in future studies of quantitative protein analysis.

肠道菌群情况与发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍患儿神经递质、神经功能及T细胞亚群的相关性分析

目的探讨发声和多种运动联合抽动障碍(又称抽动症)患儿肠道菌群分布情况与其神经递质、神经功能及T细胞亚群的相关性。方法以2020年5月—2023年5月南京中医药大学附属南京市中西医结合医院收治的97例抽动症患儿作为研究对象,通过耶鲁抽动症整体严重度量表(YGTSS)将所有患儿分为轻度组23例、中度组42例和重度组32例。采集所有患儿粪便样本,采用16S rRNA测序技术和Qiime软件进行肠道菌群α多样性分析[Chao1指数、observed species(Sobs)指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数];测定T淋巴细胞亚群(CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))和神经递质[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、多巴胺(DA)、γ-氨基丁酸(GABA)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)]水平;评估两组儿童神经功能;采用Pearson相关性分析探讨患儿肠道菌群与神经递质、神经功能及T细胞亚群的关系。结果与轻度组相比,中度组和重度组的YGTSS评分的运动性抽动、发声性抽动、总分更高(P<0.05);轻度组、中度组和重度组患儿的Chao1、Sobs、Shannon和Simpson指数比较,经方差分析,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与轻度组相比,中度组和重度组的α多样性更低(P<0.05);轻度组、中度组和重度组患儿的CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)比较,经方差分析,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05);与轻度组相比,中度组和重度组的CD4^(+)和CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)更低,CD8^(+)更高(P<0.05);与轻度组相比,中度组和重度组的5-HT和DA更高,GABA、NE、神经功能评分更低(P<0.05)。根据Pearson相关性分析结果,患儿Chao1、Sobs、Shannon和Simpson指数与5-HT、DA呈负相关(P<0.05),与CD4^(+)、GABA、NE和神经功能评分呈正相关(P<0.05)。结论肠道菌群与抽动症患儿的神经递质、神经功能和T细胞亚群密切相关。