Combined bottleneck effect of on-ramp and bus stop in a cellular automaton model

The combined bottleneck effect is investigated by modeling traffic systems with an on-ramp and a nearby bus stop in a two-lane cellular automaton model. Two cases, i.e. the bus stop locates in the downstream section of the on-ramp and the bus stop locates in the upstream section of the on-ramp, are considered separately. The upstream flux and downstream flux of the main road, as well as the on-ramp flux are analysed in detail, with respect to the entering probabilities and the distance between the on-ramp and the bus stop. It is found that the combination of the two bottlenecks causes the capacity to drop off, because the vehicles entering the main road from the on-ramp would interweave with the stopping （pulling-out） buses in the downstream （upstream） case. The traffic conflict in the former case is much heavier than that in the latter, causing the downstream main road to be utilized inefficiently. This suggests that the bus stop should be set in the upstream section of the on-ramp to enhance the capacity. The fluxes both on the main road and on the on-ramp vary with the distance between the two bottlenecks in both cases. However, the effects of distance disappear gradually at large distances. These findings might give some guidance to traffic optimization and management.

一种考虑能见度影响的元胞自动机交通流模型

本文建立一种考虑能见度影响的元胞自动机交通流模型,研究了产生概率、消失概率及能见度对交通流的影响。计算机模拟结果表明,产生概率和消失概率均只在一定范围内影响系统流量的变化;能见度影响的路段为系统的瓶颈,为避免其上游路段出现严重堵塞,应根据能见度大小,对产生概率和消失概率进行合理调节;当能见度很低时,瓶颈路段及其上游路段出现严重堵塞。

Traffic flow of a roundabout crossing with an open boundary condition

This paper presents a cellular automaton traffic flow model with an open boundary condition to describe the traffic flow at a roundabout crossing with an inner roundabout lane and an outer roundabout lane. The simulation results show that the boundary condition, bottlenecks and the self-organization affect the traffic flow at the roundabout crossing. Because of the effect of bottlenecks, jams easily appear on the inner roundabout lane. To improve the capacity of the roundabout system, proper values of the enter probability α and the out probability βcan be chosen.

Traffic Congestion Mechanism in Two Ramp Systems

The aim of this paper is to study traffic properties in an on/off-ramp system with a bus stop close to the on/off ramp. The location of the bus stop in the on/off-ramp （thereafter downstream or upstream case） is discussed. The simulation results show that in the two ramp systems, the reasons for traffic congestions are different. In the on-ramp system, buses and cars coming from on-ramp interweave each other, while in the off-ramp system, buses interweave with cars exiting to off-ramp. Thus, in the on-ramp （off-ramp） system, the upstream （downstream） bus stop is helpful to reduce the interweaving situation. Moreover, the negative effect will disappear when the distance between the bus stop and the on/off-ramp is more than 20 cells （i.e. 150 m）. These qualitative findings may provide some suggestions on traffic management and optimization.

基于元胞自动机的高原林火蔓延三维可视化模拟

森林火灾威胁森林安全,导致生命财产与环境损失,动态模拟森林火灾对于预判森林火灾发展趋势,减少森林火灾危害,科学开展森林火灾灭火工作具有重要理论与现实意义。为更加形象、直观地展示林火三维可视化,将地理信息系统(geographic information system,GIS)三维可视化与元胞自动机模拟功能相结合来模拟林火蔓延,并借助王正非与毛贤敏模型,定义元胞状态转换规则函数,计算中心燃烧元胞单元在8邻域方向上的蔓延速度分量,最后以云南省安宁市温泉镇为案例区域,针对云南省“3·29”火灾,选择温泉镇地形、气象和植被等数据,模拟了“3·29”火灾林火蔓延三维可视化过程,在森林火灾实时动态监测方面具有重要指导意义。

地铁站内交织行人流的简化模型和数值模拟

地铁站内多方向行人流以不同方式通过瓶颈时具有不同的效率,发生拥堵的机制也有所不同.本文将地铁站内行人流的交织运动简化为连通双通道内两股行人通过瓶颈的情形.采用推广的格子气模型,通过引入背景场,使改进的模型可以刻画地铁站内行人流的运动特征,通过数值模拟研究了两股行人以两种不同方式经过研究区域的清空时间以及瓶颈宽度的影响.研究发现,在模型中考虑行人沿对角线的运动可以更加准确地描述真实行人运动.当瓶颈宽度小于临界宽度时,逆向交织的行人经过研究区域具有更高的效率,验证了行人流实验的结果.此外还详细讨论了在瓶颈处发生拥堵的机理.

平面环行交叉路口交通流的研究

从道路结构出发,对具有内、外环道的平面环形交叉路口建立了具有多个道路瓶颈的元胞自动机模型,对平面环行交叉路口的交通流进行研究.计算机模拟结果表明,环形交叉路口的内环道中与入环车道接壤处是最容易发生阻塞的地方,内环道中车辆之间的非线性相互作用的效应随刹车概率的增大而增强,流量随之减小;而转向概率的增加有助于提高系统交通流量.

一种高速公路隧道交通流元胞自动机模型

针对高速公路隧道交通瓶颈,通过分析高速公路隧道区域通行环境特性,研究车辆行驶在高速公路隧道路段时的换车道、加速、减速等微观交通现象,在双车道元胞自动机模型STCA模型基础上,引入车辆速度控制条件和车道控制条件,提出了一种高速公路隧道交通瓶颈元胞自动机模型,分析了不同长度高速公路隧道对区域路段交通流的影响。研究结果表明:建立的模型能够模拟车辆在高速公路隧道区域的时空变化特征;高速公路隧道瓶颈会对紧邻瓶颈下游的特定长度路段的交通流产生缓冲作用;隧道路段区域的最大流量以及平均车速与无隧道路段区域相比,将会随着隧道长度的增加而逐渐降低。

开放边界条件下平面环行交叉路口交通流的相图研究

运用具有内、外环车道的平面环形交叉路口元胞自动机模型,对开放边界条件下平面环行交叉路口的交通流进行研究.计算机模拟结果表明:边界条件和道路瓶颈影响着平面环形交叉路口交通流的性质,产生概率和消失概率均只在一定范围内影响系统流量的变化.根据系统流量与产生概率和消失概率的关系,将系统分为三个相区,并对相图进行研究,为实际交通控制提供参考.