Steady state speed distribution analysis for a combined cellular automaton traffic model

Cellular Automaton （CA） based traffic flow models have been extensively studied due to their effectiveness and simplicity in recent years. This paper develops a discrete time Markov chain （DTMC） analytical framework for a Nagel-Schreckenberg and Fukui Ishibashi combined CA model （W^2H traffic flow model） from microscopic point of view to capture the macroscopic steady state speed distributions. The inter-vehicle spacing Maxkov chain and the steady state speed Markov chain are proved to be irreducible and ergodic. The theoretical speed probability distributions depending on the traffic density and stochastic delay probability are in good accordance with numerical simulations. The derived fundamental diagram of the average speed from theoretical speed distributions is equivalent to the results in the previous work.

A new cellular automaton model accounting for stochasticity in traffic flow induced by heterogeneity in driving behavior

A new reliable cellular automaon(CA) model designed to account for stochasticity in traffic flow induced by heterogeneity in driving behavior is presented.The proposed model differs from most existing CA models in that this new model focuses on describing traffic phenomena by coding into its rules the key idea that a vehicle's moving state is directly determined by a driver stepping on the accelerator or on the brake(the vehicle's acceleration).Acceleration obeys a deformed continuous distribution function when considering the heterogeneity in driving behavior and the safe distance, rather than equaling a fixed acceleration value with a probability, as is the rule in many existing CA models.Simulation results show that the new proposed model is capable of reproducing empirical findings in real traffic system.Moreover, this new model makes it possible to implement in-depth analysis of correlations between a vehicle's state parameters.

Simulation of traffic flow with traffic light strategies via a modified cellular automaton model

Traffic flows controlled by traffic light strategies were investigated via a cellular automaton model with anticipation, which is suitable for describing urban traffic. Three kinds of strategies, i. e., synchronized, green-wave and random switching lights, were designed, simulated and compared with each other. It is shown that the green-wave strategy is only valid at lower density and there is not an effective way with the three strategies to improve the efficiency of traffic flow at high density.

ONE-DIMENSIONAL CELLULAR AUTOMATON MODEL OFTRAFFIC FLOW BASED ON CAR-FOLLOWING IDEA

An improved one-dimensional CA ( Cellular Automaton) traffic model was proposed to describe the highway traffic under the periodic boundary conditions. This model was based on the idea of the car-following model, which claims that the motion of a vehicle at one time step depends on both its headway and the synchronous motion of the front vehicle, thus including indirectly the influence of its sub-neighboring vehicle. It? addition, the so-called safety distance was introduced to consider the deceleration behavior of vehicles and the stochastic factor was taken into account by introducing the deceleration probability. Meanwhile, the conditional deceleration in the model gives a better description of the phenomena observed on highways. It is found that there exists the metastability and hysteresis effect of traffic flow in the neighborhood of critical density under different initial conditions. Since this model gives a reasonable depiction of the motion of a single vehicle, it is easy to be extended to the case of traffic flow tinder the control of traffic lights in cities.

A Modified Cellular Automaton Model for Traffic Flow

A modified cellular automaton model for traffic flow was proposed. A novel concept about the changeable security gap was introduced and a parameter related to the variable security gap was determined. The fundamental diagram obtained by simulation shows that the maximum flow more approaches to the observed data than that of the NaSch model, indicating that the presented model is more reasonable and realistic.

Instantaneous information propagation in free flow,synchronized flow,stop-and-go waves in a cellular automaton model

Recently, a number of efforts are underway to investigate inter-vehicle communications （IVC）. This paper studies the instantaneous information propagation behaviours based on IVC in three different tragic situations （free flow, synchronized flow and stop-and-go waves） in a cellular automaton model. It is shown that different behaviours appear in stop-and-go waves from those in free flow and synchronized flow. While the distribution of Multi-hop Communication Distance （MhCD） is either exponential or uniform in free flow and synchronized flow, the distribution of MhCD is either exponential or with a single peak in stop-and-go waves.

Generalized Anticipation Effect Models for Traffic Flow

Taking into account the startup behaviour of following vehicles in the waiting area of urban traffic signal, we propose an extended Nagel-Schreckenberg model for single-lane traffic flow, in which the dynamic behavior of each vehicle depends on not only its own headway but also the headway of the immediately preceding one. The numerical simulation of the present model reproduces some complicated nonlinear phenomena observed in real traffic such as free flow, ghostly blockage, synchronized flow and so on. For specific parameter combinations the flow-density relation of this model shows two meta-stable branches near the transition density from free flow to wide moving traffic jam. Finally, the analytical results of the model under some specific parameters are given by using the mean field theory.

A weighted mean velocity feedback strategy in intelligent two-route traffic systems

Information feedback strategies can influence the traffic efficiency of intelligent traffic systems greatly.Based on the more practical symmetrical two-route scenario with one entrance and one exit,an improved weighted mean velocity feedback strategy（WMVFS） is proposed,which is not sensitive to the precision of global position system（GPS） devices.The applicability of WMVFS to different weight factors,aggressive probabilities,densities of dynamic vehicles,and different two-route scenarios（symmetrical scenario and asymmetrical scenario with a speed limit bottleneck） is analyzed.Results show that WMVFS achieves the best performance compared with three other information feedback strategies when considering the traffic flux and stability.

Traffic flow of a roundabout crossing with an open boundary condition

This paper presents a cellular automaton traffic flow model with an open boundary condition to describe the traffic flow at a roundabout crossing with an inner roundabout lane and an outer roundabout lane. The simulation results show that the boundary condition, bottlenecks and the self-organization affect the traffic flow at the roundabout crossing. Because of the effect of bottlenecks, jams easily appear on the inner roundabout lane. To improve the capacity of the roundabout system, proper values of the enter probability α and the out probability βcan be chosen.

Traffic dynamical characteristics and nonlinear density waves with consideration of navigation

In this dissertation, based on the existing macroscopic and microscopic models for traffic flow, several improved mathematical models in accordance with the rapid development of intelligent transportation system （ITS） are proposed, and the corresponding theoretical analysis and numerical simulation are performed. In addition, the relationships between macroscopic and microscopic traffic models are examined, in which emphasis is particularly laid on the investigation of the various nonlinear density waves in traffic flows. The contents of the dissertation are as follows.

考虑CAV与公交车比的混合交通流特性

为探究网联环境下汽车和公交车组成的混合交通流特性,考虑驾驶员行为改进Gipps安全距离规则,结合美国path实验室提出的自适应巡航(Adaptive Cruise Control,ACC)、协同自适应巡航(Cooperative Adaptive Cruise Control,CACC)跟驰模型加速度定义,构建异质流元胞自动机模型。通过数值仿真实验,分析网联自动驾驶车辆(Connected Autonomous Vehicles,CAV)与公交车辆混入比例对交通流通行能力、行驶速度、道路拥堵的影响。结果表明:随着CAV比例的提高,道路通行能力增大,临界密度增大;当道路上车辆组成仅为CAV车辆时,通行能力提升2.45倍、临界密度提高2.84倍;当CAV比例为0.5,随着公交车比例的增加,道路随机多发的轻微拥堵明显减少,通行能力、平均行驶速度略微减小。网联车能有效提高道路通行能力和行驶速度、减少拥堵,且随着公交车比例的提高,网联公交车更易形成队列,使道路拥堵得到明显改善。

地铁车站步行障碍行人避让行为建模与进出站仿真

为向步行障碍人群提供更精细化的出行服务,本文研究步行障碍行人微观出行行为,解析不同个体属性行人间的冲突避让行为机理。从行人的生理差异角度出发,扩展传统元胞自动机模型场域,同时改进场强模型和模型更新规则,建立步行障碍行人运动及避让行为的元胞自动机模型。通过构建行人运动场地实验,提取普通行人和步行障碍行人轨迹,分析其运动速度、运动偏移角度和横向移动距离等冲突避让特征参数,标定元胞自动机模型中的相关参数。场地实验结果表明,步行障碍行人的运动能力较差,自由度较低,其在冲突避让过程中的偏移角度和偏移距离均明显小于普通行人,主要通过降低行走速度进行被动避让。仿真结果显示,行人速度及普通行人、轮椅行人和婴儿车行人的横向偏移距离与实测数据的误差分别为2.74%、3.35%、6.71%、6.16%。最后,基于改进模型对上海地铁迪士尼站站台层乘客出站场景进行仿真,进一步验证了模型的有效性,并提出无障碍电梯布设的优化方案。步行障碍行人仿真模型的有效建立,可为地铁无障碍电梯等无障碍设施的规划和设计提供理论支持。

基于跟车思想的一维元胞自动机交通流模型

提出一个改进的一维元胞自动机模型来模拟周期性边界条件下高速公路上车流运动· 基于跟车模型的思想 ,根据所研究车辆与其前方紧邻车辆之间的间距和相对速度来确定该车的运动 ,间接地反映了次近邻车辆的影响· 通过引入安全间距来描述高速运动车辆接近前方缓行车辆时的减速行为 ,并利用随机减速概率来反映减速行为中的随机因素· 由于安全间距的引入 ,当减速概率大于零时在较高密度下就出现完全的阻塞相· 同时在本模型中采用的是有条件减速 ,因而可以较好描述交通实测中观察到的现象· 在临界密度附近 ,车流运动处于亚稳态并呈现出滞后现象· 由于本模型对于车辆微观运动的合理描述 。

基于元胞自动机交通流模型的车辆换道规则

将元胞自动机模型应用于周期性边界条件下的高速公路交通的换道规则模拟,并对不同条件下交通流的平均速度和流量进行仿真。基于驾驶员的性格差异,提出了更灵活的弹性换道规则,并探讨了不同换道规则对交通流流量等参数的影响。在计算机仿真过程中,通过变换交通流密度,得出了与不同换道规则对应的交通流基本图。结果表明:相对于以前的模型,遵循2种新规则的模型均可不同程度地改善道路的通行能力,提高道路资源的利用效能;从安全性角度进行对比分析,可得出较优的换道规则。

基于元胞自动机的车辆换道行为研究

为进一步完善微观交通仿真中的车辆换道行为模型,运用元胞自动机理论,以换道过程中目标车道跟随车为研究对象,对跟随车与换道车之间的交互行为进行了分析,给出了自由换道、强制换道、协作换道的换道规则。在改变交通流密度的情况下进行了数值模拟分析,对3种模型进行了仿真对比。结果表明:协作换道模型得到的平均速度高于其他换道模型,说明车辆之间的信息交互提高了换道成功率,使道路资源得到充分利用;协作换道在提高交通流速度和减缓交通堵塞方面比原有的STCA模型有更好的效果。

浓雾环境下车车通信对交通事故的影响分析

雾天环境下驾驶员会表现出和正常天气不同的驾驶行为,给行车安全带来威胁.为保证交通安全,交通管理部门在浓雾环境下关闭高速公路,给人们出行带来不便.分析浓雾环境下基于传统目视和基于车车通信的驾驶行为,建立了交通流元胞自动机模型.模拟结果表明:车车通信能够有效减少车辆分布的'局部聚集效应',从而大大降低交通事故率;当车辆密度较小时,交通事故率的降低效应尤其明显.本文的研究为高速公路在浓雾环境下采用车车通信技术实现车辆连续放行提供参考.

一维DCA交通流模型分析

利用 DCA交通流模型模拟了单线路单速的交通情况 ,利用演化规则表达式推导出速度及流量的解析表达式 ,并分析了二粒子最近邻关联随密度的变化情况 .

元胞自动机FI和NS交通流混合模型的研究

考虑车辆的驾驶员具有其不同的驾驶特点,建立了单车道开放边界条件下元胞自动机F I模型和N S模型混合的交通流模型.通过计算机模拟,研究了混合交通流的密度、速度和流量受边界、N S型车辆的随机减速概率PNS、F I型车辆的随机减速概率PF I和N S型车辆的产生概率α′的影响.结果表明,PNS和α′是决定混合交通流的主要因素,它们的值越大,混合交通流的密度、速度和流量就越小,混合模型的密度、速度和流量都比N S模型的大.

VDR混合交通流模型的研究

在交通流VDR模型的基础上,考虑不同类型车辆之间存在的性能差异,其启动、刹车时的随机延迟概率是不同的,从而提出了VDR混合交通流模型.通过计算机数值模拟,得到了混合车辆在不同参数下交通流模型的基本图,并对混合交通流的特性进行了分析和讨论.

信号控制交叉口交通流建模与通行能力分析

交叉口通行能力往往是城市路网承载能力的瓶颈。在考虑信号控制交叉口车流冲突的基础上,研究了信号控制交叉口的车辆优先权规则和信号周期内不同时刻的车辆更新规则,构建了一个平面十字信号控制交叉口元胞自动机模型,用于交叉口通行能力的模拟与分析,并以武汉市某交叉口为例,将模型仿真结果与停止线法计算结果进行了对比,验证了模型的有效性,利用该模型研究了交叉口转向比例对交叉口通行能力的影响。研究结果表明,交叉口流量随着车辆到达率的增加而增加,仿真结果与停止线法计算结果基本吻合,所建立的模型能够有效地模拟交叉口交通流运行,再现交通流的动态演化过程,当交叉口车道数和车道功能等道路条件确定时,转向比例和信号配时等交通条件对交叉口通行能力具有较大影响。当右转车转向比例不变时,交叉口通行能力随着左转车比例的增加先上升后下降,存在一个最佳的转向比例,使得交叉口通行能力达到最大。当右转车受信号控制时,交叉口通行能力随着右转车比例的增加先上升后下降,同样存在一个最佳的转向比例。当右转车不受信号控制时,交叉口通行能力随着右转车比例的增加而上升。当右转车比例高于某一固定值时,右转车不受信号控制能够显著提高交叉口通行能力,最高可达100%。