Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells ...Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells either extra-or intracellularly,and they have already been widely used to control cellular functions.The future exploration of nanomaterials in cellular engineering may reveal numerous opportunities in both fundamental bioelectric studies and clinic applications.In this review,we highlight several nanomaterials-enabled non-genetic approaches to fabricating engineered cells.First,we briefly review the latest progress in engineered or synthetic cells,such as protocells that create cell-like behaviors from nonliving building blocks,and cells made by genetic or chemical modifications.Next,we illustrate the need for non-genetic cellular engineering with semiconductors and present some examples where chemical synthesis yields complex morphology or functions needed for biointerfaces.We then provide discussions in detail about the semiconductor nanostructure-enabled neural,cardiac,and microbial modulations.We also suggest the need to integrate tissue engineering with semiconductor devices to carry out more complex functions.We end this review by providing our perspectives for future development in non-genetic cellular engineering.展开更多
The outer blood-retina barrier(oBRB),crucial for the survival and the proper functioning of the overlying retinal layers,is disrupted in numerous diseases affecting the retina,leading to the loss of the photoreceptors...The outer blood-retina barrier(oBRB),crucial for the survival and the proper functioning of the overlying retinal layers,is disrupted in numerous diseases affecting the retina,leading to the loss of the photoreceptors and ultimately of vision.To study the oBRB and/or its degeneration,many in vitro oBRB models have been developed,notably to investigate potential therapeutic strategies against retinal diseases.Indeed,to this day,most of these pathologies are untreatable,especially once the first signs of degeneration are observed.To cure those patients,a current strategy is to cultivate in vitro a mature oBRB epithelium on a custom membrane that is further implanted to replace the damaged native tissue.After a description of the oBRB and the related diseases,this review presents an overview of the oBRB models,from the simplest to the most complex.Then,we propose a discussion over the used cell types,for their relevance to study or treat the oBRB.Models designed for in vitro applications are then examined,by paying particular attention to the design evolution in the last years,the development of pathological models and the benefits of co-culture models,including both the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid.Lastly,this review focuses on the models developed for in vivo implantation,with special emphasis on the choice of the material,its processing and its characterization,before discussing the reported pre-clinical and clinical trials.展开更多
As an attractive alternative to plasmid DNA, messenger RNA （mRNA） has recently emerged as a promising class of nucleic acid therapeutics for biomedical applications. Advances in addressing the inherent shortcomings ...As an attractive alternative to plasmid DNA, messenger RNA （mRNA） has recently emerged as a promising class of nucleic acid therapeutics for biomedical applications. Advances in addressing the inherent shortcomings of mRNA and in the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems have prompted the development and clinical translation of mRNA-based medicines. In this review, we discuss the chemical modification strategies of mRNA to improve its stability, minimize immune responses, and enhance translational efficacy. We also highlight recent progress in nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery. Considerable attention is given to the increasingly widespread applications of mRNA nanomedicine in the biomedical fields of vaccination, protein-replacement therapy, gene editing, and cellular reprogramming and engineering.展开更多
基金B.Z.T acknowledges a primary support from the University of Chicago Materials Research Science and Engineering Center,which is funded by the National Science Foundation under award number DMR-1420709.B.Z.T also acknowledges support from the National Institutes of Health(No.NIH1DP2NS101488).
文摘Engineered cells have opened up a new avenue for scientists and engineers to achieve specialized biological functions.Nanomaterials,such as silicon nanowires and quantum dots,can establish tight interfaces with cells either extra-or intracellularly,and they have already been widely used to control cellular functions.The future exploration of nanomaterials in cellular engineering may reveal numerous opportunities in both fundamental bioelectric studies and clinic applications.In this review,we highlight several nanomaterials-enabled non-genetic approaches to fabricating engineered cells.First,we briefly review the latest progress in engineered or synthetic cells,such as protocells that create cell-like behaviors from nonliving building blocks,and cells made by genetic or chemical modifications.Next,we illustrate the need for non-genetic cellular engineering with semiconductors and present some examples where chemical synthesis yields complex morphology or functions needed for biointerfaces.We then provide discussions in detail about the semiconductor nanostructure-enabled neural,cardiac,and microbial modulations.We also suggest the need to integrate tissue engineering with semiconductor devices to carry out more complex functions.We end this review by providing our perspectives for future development in non-genetic cellular engineering.
文摘The outer blood-retina barrier(oBRB),crucial for the survival and the proper functioning of the overlying retinal layers,is disrupted in numerous diseases affecting the retina,leading to the loss of the photoreceptors and ultimately of vision.To study the oBRB and/or its degeneration,many in vitro oBRB models have been developed,notably to investigate potential therapeutic strategies against retinal diseases.Indeed,to this day,most of these pathologies are untreatable,especially once the first signs of degeneration are observed.To cure those patients,a current strategy is to cultivate in vitro a mature oBRB epithelium on a custom membrane that is further implanted to replace the damaged native tissue.After a description of the oBRB and the related diseases,this review presents an overview of the oBRB models,from the simplest to the most complex.Then,we propose a discussion over the used cell types,for their relevance to study or treat the oBRB.Models designed for in vitro applications are then examined,by paying particular attention to the design evolution in the last years,the development of pathological models and the benefits of co-culture models,including both the retinal pigment epithelium and the choroid.Lastly,this review focuses on the models developed for in vivo implantation,with special emphasis on the choice of the material,its processing and its characterization,before discussing the reported pre-clinical and clinical trials.
文摘As an attractive alternative to plasmid DNA, messenger RNA （mRNA） has recently emerged as a promising class of nucleic acid therapeutics for biomedical applications. Advances in addressing the inherent shortcomings of mRNA and in the development of nanoparticle-based delivery systems have prompted the development and clinical translation of mRNA-based medicines. In this review, we discuss the chemical modification strategies of mRNA to improve its stability, minimize immune responses, and enhance translational efficacy. We also highlight recent progress in nanoparticle-based mRNA delivery. Considerable attention is given to the increasingly widespread applications of mRNA nanomedicine in the biomedical fields of vaccination, protein-replacement therapy, gene editing, and cellular reprogramming and engineering.
