Simulation of Dynamic Recrystallization in 7075 Aluminum Alloy Using Cellular Automaton

The evolution of microstructure during hot deformation is key to achieving good mechanical properties in aluminum alloys.We have developed a cellular automaton(CA) based model to simulate the microstructural evolution in 7075 aluminum alloy during hot deformation.Isothermal compression tests were conducted to obtain material parameters for 7075 aluminum alloy,leading to the establishment of models for dislocation density,nucleation of recrystallized grains,and grain growth.Integrating these aspects with grain topological deformation,our CA model effectively predicts flow stress,dynamic recrystallization(DRX) volume fraction,and average grain size under diverse deformation conditions.A systematic comparison was made between electron back scattered diffraction(EBSD) maps and CA model simulated under different deformation temperatures(573 to 723 K),strain rates(0.001 to 1 s^(-1)),and strain amounts(30% to 70%).These analyses indicate that large strain,high temperature,and low strain rate facilitate dynamic recrystallization and grain refinement.The results from the CA model show good accuracy and predictive capability,with experimental error within 10%.

Cellular Senescence and SENEX Gene on the Peripheral CD4+CD25+ Treg Cells Enhancement in Elderly

Cellular senescence is a signal transduction process which maintained genomic stability and stopped mammalian cell growth. Furthermore, cellular senescence induces a protective response to a variety of DNA damage. However, this process is also associated with apoptosis, upregulated secretion of inflammatory cytokine, and promoted surrounding tissue damage. When cellular senescence accumulates to a certain extent, it triggers geriatric diseases, such as chronic inflammation, immune senescence-associated tumors and incontrollable infections. Cellular senescence gene SENEX, which was cloned in 2004, has been demonstrated to play a unique gatekeeper function in human endothelial cells when stress-induced pre-mature senescence and apoptosis occurr. The phenomenon that CD4+CD25+ Treg cells accumulated in the aged population has been well studied in recent years. Now Treg accumulation related to immune-pathology has attracted more interest. CD4+CD25+ Treg did not decline and age, but accumulated and suppressed immunoreaction. The enhanced Treg number and function may be associated with stress-induced premature senescence-mediated unique cellular senescence protection mechanisms, and SENEX may play a critical role in this process. In this article, we summarize the cellular senescence and SENEX gene in the accumulation and functional activity of CD4+CD25+ Treg in the elderly.

Dynamics analysis and cryptographic implementation of a fractional-order memristive cellular neural network model

Due to the fact that a memristor with memory properties is an ideal electronic component for implementation of the artificial neural synaptic function,a brand-new tristable locally active memristor model is first proposed in this paper.Here,a novel four-dimensional fractional-order memristive cellular neural network(FO-MCNN)model with hidden attractors is constructed to enhance the engineering feasibility of the original CNN model and its performance.Then,its hardware circuit implementation and complicated dynamic properties are investigated on multi-simulation platforms.Subsequently,it is used toward secure communication application scenarios.Taking it as the pseudo-random number generator(PRNG),a new privacy image security scheme is designed based on the adaptive sampling rate compressive sensing(ASR-CS)model.Eventually,the simulation analysis and comparative experiments manifest that the proposed data encryption scheme possesses strong immunity against various security attack models and satisfactory compression performance.

Resource Allocation in Multi-User Cellular Networks:A Transformer-Based Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach

To meet the communication services with diverse requirements,dynamic resource allocation has shown increasing importance.In this paper,we consider the multi-slot and multi-user resource allocation(MSMU-RA)in a downlink cellular scenario with the aim of maximizing system spectral efficiency while guaranteeing user fairness.We first model the MSMURA problem as a dual-sequence decision-making process,and then solve it by a novel Transformerbased deep reinforcement learning(TDRL)approach.Specifically,the proposed TDRL approach can be achieved based on two aspects:1)To adapt to the dynamic wireless environment,the proximal policy optimization(PPO)algorithm is used to optimize the multi-slot RA strategy.2)To avoid co-channel interference,the Transformer-based PPO algorithm is presented to obtain the optimal multi-user RA scheme by exploring the mapping between user sequence and resource sequence.Experimental results show that:i)the proposed approach outperforms both the traditional and DRL methods in spectral efficiency and user fairness,ii)the proposed algorithm is superior to DRL approaches in terms of convergence speed and generalization performance.

Misdiagnosis of synovial sarcoma-cellular myofibroma with SRFRELA gene fusion:A case report

BACKGROUND Cellular myofibroma is a rare subtype of myofibroma that was first described in 2017.Its diagnosis is often challenging because of its relative rarity,lack of known genetic abnormalities,and expression of muscle markers that can be confused with sarcomas that have myogenic differentiation.Currently,scholars have limited knowledge of this disease,and published cases are few.Further accumulation of diagnostic and treatment experiences is required.CASE SUMMARY A 16-year-old girl experienced left upper limb swelling for 3 years.She sought medical attention at a local hospital 10 months ago,where magnetic resonance imaging revealed a 5-cm soft tissue mass.Needle biopsy performed at a local hospital resulted in the diagnosis of a spindle cell soft tissue sarcoma.The patient was referred to our hospital for limb salvage surgery with endoprosthetic replacement.She was initially diagnosed with a synovial sarcoma.Consequently,clinical management with chemotherapy was continued for the malignant sarcoma.Our pathology department also performed fluorescence in situ hybridization for result validation,which returned negative for SS18 gene breaks,indicating that it was not a synovial sarcoma.Next-generation sequencing was used to identify the SRF-RELA rearrangement.The final pathological diagnosis was a cellular/myofibroblastic neoplasm with an SRF-RELA gene fusion.The patient had initially received two courses of chemotherapy;however,chemotherapy was discontinued after the final diagnosis.CONCLUSION This case was misdiagnosed because of its rare occurrence,benign biological behavior,and pathological similarity to soft tissue sarcoma.

Full-Scale Isogeometric Topology Optimization of Cellular Structures Based on Kirchhoff-Love Shells

Cellular thin-shell structures are widely applied in ultralightweight designs due to their high bearing capacity and strength-to-weight ratio.In this paper,a full-scale isogeometric topology optimization(ITO)method based on Kirchhoff-Love shells for designing cellular tshin-shell structures with excellent damage tolerance ability is proposed.This method utilizes high-order continuous nonuniform rational B-splines(NURBS)as basis functions for Kirchhoff-Love shell elements.The geometric and analysis models of thin shells are unified by isogeometric analysis(IGA)to avoid geometric approximation error and improve computational accuracy.The topological configurations of thin-shell structures are described by constructing the effective density field on the controlmesh.Local volume constraints are imposed in the proximity of each control point to obtain bone-like cellular structures.To facilitate numerical implementation,the p-norm function is used to aggregate local volume constraints into an equivalent global constraint.Several numerical examples are provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method.After simulation and comparative analysis,the results indicate that the cellular thin-shell structures optimized by the proposed method exhibit great load-carrying behavior and high damage robustness.

Cellular strategies to induce immune tolerance after liver transplantation:Clinical perspectives

Liver transplantation(LT)has become the most efficient treatment for pediatric and adult end-stage liver disease and the survival time after transplantation is becoming longer due to the development of surgical techniques and perioperative management.However,long-term side-effects of immunosuppressants,like infection,metabolic disorders and malignant tumor are gaining more attention.Immune tolerance is the status in which LT recipients no longer need to take any immunosuppressants,but the liver function and intrahepatic histology maintain normal.The approaches to achieve immune tolerance after transplantation include spontaneous,operational and induced tolerance.The first two means require no specific intervention but withdrawing immunosuppressant gradually during follow-up.No clinical factors or biomarkers so far could accurately predict who are suitable for immunosuppressant withdraw after transplantation.With the understanding to the underlying mechanisms of immune tolerance,many strategies have been developed to induce tolerance in LT recipients.Cellular strategy is one of the most promising methods for immune tolerance induction,including chimerism induced by hematopoietic stem cells and adoptive transfer of regulatory immune cells.The safety and efficacy of various cell products have been evaluated by prospective preclinical and clinical trials,while obstacles still exist before translating into clinical practice.Here,we will summarize the latest perspectives and concerns on the clinical application of cellular strategies in LT recipients.

Modeling and Performance Analysis of UAV-Aided Millimeter Wave Cellular Networks with Stochastic Geometry

UAV-aided cellular networks,millimeter wave(mm-wave)communications and multi-antenna techniques are viewed as promising components of the solution for beyond-5G(B5G)and even 6G communications.By leveraging the power of stochastic geometry,this paper aims at providing an effective framework for modeling and analyzing a UAV-aided heterogeneous cellular network,where the terrestrial base stations(TBSs)and the UAV base stations(UBSs)coexist,and the UBSs are provided with mm-wave and multi-antenna techniques.By modeling the TBSs as a PPP and the UBSs as a Matern hard-core point pro-´cess of type II(MPH-II),approximated but accurate analytical results for the average rate of the typical user of both tiers are derived through an approximation method based on the mean interference-to-signal ratio(MISR)gain.The influence of some relevant parameters is discussed in detail,and some insights into the network deployment and optimization are revealed.Numerical results show that some trade-offs are worthy of being considered,such as the antenna array size,the altitude of the UAVs and the power control factor of the UBSs.

Patient-derived induced pluripotent stem cells with a MERTK mutation exhibit cell junction abnormalities and aberrant cellular differentiation potential

BACKGROUND Human induced pluripotent stem cell(hiPSC)technology is a valuable tool for generating patient-specific stem cells,facilitating disease modeling,and invest-igating disease mechanisms.However,iPSCs carrying specific mutations may limit their clinical applications due to certain inherent characteristics.AIM To investigate the impact of MERTK mutations on hiPSCs and determine whether hiPSC-derived extracellular vesicles(EVs)influence anomalous cell junction and differentiation potential.METHODS We employed a non-integrating reprogramming technique to generate peripheral blood-derived hiPSCs with and hiPSCs without a MERTK mutation.Chromo-somal karyotype analysis,flow cytometry,and immunofluorescent staining were utilized for hiPSC identification.Transcriptomics and proteomics were employed to elucidate the expression patterns associated with cell junction abnormalities and cellular differentiation potential.Additionally,EVs were isolated from the supernatant,and their RNA and protein cargos were examined to investigate the involvement of hiPSC-derived EVs in stem cell junction and differentiation.RESULTS The generated hiPSCs,both with and without a MERTK mutation,exhibited normal karyotype and expressed pluripotency markers;however,hiPSCs with a MERTK mutation demonstrated anomalous adhesion capability and differentiation potential,as confirmed by transcriptomic and proteomic profiling.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs were involved in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.CONCLUSION HiPSCs with a MERTK mutation displayed altered junction characteristics and aberrant differentiation potential.Furthermore,hiPSC-derived EVs played a regulatory role in various biological processes,including cell junction and differentiation.

Correlative factors of poor prognosis and abnormal cellular immune function in patients with Alzheimer’s disease

BACKGROUND Alzheimer’s disease(AD)is a serious disease causing human dementia and social problems.The quality of life and prognosis of AD patients have attracted much attention.The role of chronic immune inflammation in the pathogenesis of AD is becoming more and more important.AIM To study the relationship among cognitive dysfunction,abnormal cellular immune function,neuroimaging results and poor prognostic factors in patients.METHODS A retrospective analysis of 62 hospitalized patients clinical diagnosed with AD who were admitted to our hospital from November 2015 to November 2020.Collect cognitive dysfunction performance characteristics,laboratory test data and neuroimaging data from medical records within 24 h of admission,including Mini Mental State Examination Scale score,drawing clock test,blood T lymphocyte subsets,and neutrophils and lymphocyte ratio(NLR),disturbance of consciousness,extrapyramidal symptoms,electroencephalogram(EEG)and head nucleus magnetic spectroscopy(MRS)and other data.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine independent prog-nostic factors.the modified Rankin scale(mRS)was used to determine whether the prognosis was good.The correlation between drug treatment and prognostic mRS score was tested by the rank sum test.RESULTS Univariate analysis showed that abnormal cellular immune function,extrapyramidal symptoms,obvious disturbance of consciousness,abnormal EEG,increased NLR,abnormal MRS,and complicated pneumonia were related to the poor prognosis of AD patients.Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the decrease in the proportion of T lym-phocytes in the blood after abnormal cellular immune function(odd ratio:2.078,95%confidence interval:1.156-3.986,P<0.05)was an independent risk factor for predicting the poor prognosis of AD.The number of days of donepezil treatment to improve cognitive function was negatively correlated with mRS score(r=0.578,P<0.05).CONCLUSION The decrease in the proportion of T lymphocytes may have predictive value for the poor prognosis of AD.It is recommended that the proportion of T lymphocytes<55%is used as the cut-off threshold for predicting the poor prog-nosis of AD.The early and continuous drug treatment is associated with a good prognosis.

Global research trends and prospects of cellular metabolism in colorectal cancer

BACKGROUND An increasing number of studies have focused on the role of cellular metabolism in the development of colorectal cancer(CRC).However,no work is currently available to synthesize the field through bibliometrics.AIM To analyze the development in the field of“glucose metabolism”(GM),“amino acid metabolism”(AM),“lipid metabolism”(LM),and“nucleotide metabolism”(NM)in CRC by visualization.METHODS Articles within the abovementioned areas of GM,AM,LM and NM in CRC,which were published from January 1,1991,to December 31,2022,are retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and analyzed by CiteSpace 6.2.R4 and VOSviewer 1.6.19.RESULTS The field of LM in CRC presented the largest number of annual publications and the fastest increase in the last decade compared with the other three fields.Meanwhile,China and the United States were two of the most prominent contri-butors in these four areas.In addition,Gang Wang,Wei Jia,Maria Notar-nicola,and Cornelia Ulrich ranked first in publication numbers,while Jing-Yuan Fang,Senji Hirasawa,Wei Jia,and Charles Fuchs were the most cited authors on average in these four fields,respectively.“Gut microbiota”and“epithelial-mesenchymal transition”emerged as the newest burst words in GM,“gut microbiota”was the latest outburst word in AM,“metastasis”,“tumor microenvironment”,“fatty acid metabolism”,and“metabolic reprogramming”were the up-to-date outbreaking words in LM,while“epithelial-mesenchymal transition”and“apoptosis”were the most recently occurring words in NM.CONCLUSION Research in“cellular metabolism in CRC”is all the rage at the moment,and researchers are particularly interested in exploring the mechanism to explain the metabolic alterations in CRC.Targeting metabolic vulnerability appears to be a promising direction in CRC therapy.

Shi-pi-xiao-ji formula suppresses hepatocellular carcinoma by reducing cellular stiffness through upregulation of acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1

BACKGROUND Previous studies have shown that the Shi-pi-xiao-ji(SPXJ)herbal decoction formula is effective in suppressing hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC),but the underlying mechanisms are not known.Therefore,this study investigated whether the antitumor effects of the SPXJ formula in treating HCC were mediated by acetyl-coA acetyltransferase 1(ACAT1)-regulated cellular stiffness.Through a series of experiments,we concluded that SPXJ inhibits the progression of HCC by upregulating the expression level of ACAT1,lowering the level of cholesterol in the cell membrane,and altering the cellular stiffness,which provides a new idea for the research of traditional Chinese medicine against HCC.AIM To investigate the anti-tumor effects of the SPXJ formula on the malignant progression of HCC.METHODS HCC cells were cultured in vitro with SPXJ-containing serum prepared by injecting SPXJ formula into wild-type mice.The apoptotic rate and proliferative,invasive,and migratory abilities of control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells were compared.Atomic force microscopy was used to determine the cell surface morphology and the Young’s modulus values of the control and SPXJ-treated HCC cells.Plasma membrane cholesterol levels in HCC cells were detected using the Amplex Red cholesterol detection kit.ACAT1 protein levels were estimated using western blotting.RESULTS Compared with the vehicle group,SPXJ serum considerably reduced proliferation of HCC cells,increased stiffness and apoptosis of HCC cells,inhibited migration and invasion of HCC cells,decreased plasma membrane cholesterol levels,and upregulated ACAT1 protein levels.However,treatment of HCC cells with the water-soluble cholesterol promoted proliferation,migration,and invasion of HCC cells as well as decreased cell stiffness and plasma membrane cholesterol levels,but did not alter the apoptotic rate and ACAT1 protein expression levels compared with the vehicle control.CONCLUSION SPXJ formula inhibited proliferation,invasion,and migration of HCC cells by decreasing plasma membrane cholesterol levels and altering cellular stiffness through upregulation of ACAT1 protein expression.

Urban growth scenario projection using heuristic cellular automata in arid areas considering the drought impact

Arid areas with low precipitation and sparse vegetation typically yield compact urban pattern,and drought directly impacts urban site selection,growth processes,and future scenarios.Spatial simulation and projection based on cellular automata(CA)models is important to achieve sustainable urban development in arid areas.We developed a new CA model using bat algorithm(BA)named bat algorithm-probability-of-occurrence-cellular automata(BA-POO-CA)model by considering drought constraint to accurately delineate urban growth patterns and project future scenarios of Urumqi City and its surrounding areas,located in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region,China.We calibrated the BA-POO-CA model for the drought-prone study area with 2000 and 2010 data and validated the model with 2010 and 2020 data,and finally projected its urban scenarios in 2030.The results showed that BA-POO-CA model yielded overall accuracy of 97.70%and figure-of-merits(FOMs)of 35.50%in 2010,and 97.70%and 26.70%in 2020,respectively.The inclusion of drought intensity factor improved the performance of BA-POO-CA model in terms of FOMs,with increases of 5.50%in 2010 and 7.90%in 2020 than the model excluding drought intensity factor.This suggested that the urban growth of Urumqi City was affected by drought,and therefore taking drought intensity factor into account would contribute to simulation accuracy.The BA-POO-CA model including drought intensity factor was used to project two possible scenarios(i.e.,business-as-usual(BAU)scenario and ecological scenario)in 2030.In the BAU scenario,the urban growth dominated mainly in urban fringe areas,especially in the northern part of Toutunhe District,Xinshi District,and Midong District.Using exceptional and extreme drought areas as a spatial constraint,the urban growth was mainly concentrated in the"main urban areas-Changji-Hutubi"corridor urban pattern in the ecological scenario.The results of this research can help to adjust urban planning and development policies.Our model is readily applicable to simulating urban growth and future scenarios in global arid areas such as Northwest China and Africa.

Outage Probability Analysis for D2D-Enabled Heterogeneous Cellular Networks with Exclusion Zone:A Stochastic Geometry Approach

Interference management is one of the most important issues in the device-to-device(D2D)-enabled heterogeneous cellular networks(HetCNets)due to the coexistence of massive cellular and D2D devices in which D2D devices reuse the cellular spectrum.To alleviate the interference,an efficient interference management way is to set exclusion zones around the cellular receivers.In this paper,we adopt a stochastic geometry approach to analyze the outage probabilities of cellular and D2D users in the D2D-enabled HetCNets.The main difficulties contain three aspects:1)how to model the location randomness of base stations,cellular and D2D users in practical networks;2)how to capture the randomness and interrelation of cellular and D2D transmissions due to the existence of random exclusion zones;3)how to characterize the different types of interference and their impacts on the outage probabilities of cellular and D2D users.We then run extensive Monte-Carlo simulations which manifest that our theoretical model is very accurate.

Gold Standard for Skin Cancer Treatment: Surgery (Mohs) or Microscopic Molecular-Cellular Therapy (Curaderm)?

Non-melanoma skin cancers or keratinocyte cancers such as basal cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma make up approximately 80% and 20% respectively, of skin cancers with the 6 million people that are treated annually in the United States. 1 in 5 Americans and 2 in 3 Australians develop skin cancer by the age of 70 years and in Australia it is the most expensive, amassing $1.5 billion, to treat cancers. Non-melanoma skin cancers are often self-detected and are usually removed by various means in doctors’ surgeries. Mohs micrographic surgery is acclaimed to be the gold standard for the treatment of skin cancer. However, a novel microscopic molecular-cellular non-invasive topical therapy described in this article, challenges the status of Mohs procedure for being the acclaimed gold standard.

Dynamic response of a three-beam system with intermediate elastic connections under a moving load/mass-spring

The objective of this research is to study the dynamic response characteristics of a three-beam system with intermediate elastic connections under a moving load/mass-spring.In this study,the finite Sine-Fourier transform was performed for the dynamic partial differential equations of a simply supported three-beam system(SSTBS)under a moving load and a moving mass-spring,respectively.The dynamic partial differential equations were transformed into dynamic ordinary differential equations relative to the time coordinates,and the equations were solved and the displacement Fourier amplitude spectral expressions were obtained.Finally,based on finite Sine-Fourier inverse transform,the expressions for dynamic response of SSTBS under the moving load and moving mass-spring were obtained.The proposed method,along with ANSYS,was used to calculate the dynamic response of the SSTBS under a moving load/mass-spring at different speeds.The results obtained herein were consistent with the ANSYS numerical calculation results,verifying the accuracy of the proposed method.The influence of the load/mass-spring’s moving speed on the dynamic deflections of SSTBS were analyzed.SSTBS has several critical speeds under a moving load/mass-spring.The vertical acceleration incurred by a change in the vertical speed of SSTBS due to the movement of mass-spring and the centrifugal acceleration produced by the movement of massspring on the vertical curve generated by SSTBS vibration could not be neglected.

Dynamic Behavior and Deformation Analysis of the Fish Cage System Using Mass-Spring Model

Fish cage systems are influenced by various oceanic conditions, and the movements and deformation of the system by the external forces can affect the safety of the system itself, as well as the species of fish being cultivated. Structural durability of the system against environmental factors has been major concern for the marine aquaculture system. In this research, a mathematical model and a simulation method were presented for analyzing the performance of the large-scale fish cage system influenced by current and waves. The cage system consisted of netting, mooring ropes, floats, sinkers and floating collar. All the elements were modeled by use of the mass-spring model. The structures were divided into finite elements and mass points were placed at the mid-point of each element, and mass points were connected by springs without mass. Each mass point was applied to external and internal forces, and total force was calculated in every integration step. The computation method was applied to the dynamic simulation of the actual fish cage systems rigged with synthetic fiber and copper wire simultaneously influenced by current and waves. Here, we also tried to find a relevant ratio between buoyancy and sinking force of the fish cages. The simulation results provide improved understanding of the behavior of the structure and valuable information concerning optimum ratio of the buoyancy to sinking force according to current speeds.

A Three-Stage Cutting Simulation System Based on Mass-Spring Model

The cutting simulation of soft tissue is important in virtual surgery.It includes three major challenges in computation:Soft tissue simulation,collision detection,and handling,as well as soft tissue models.In order to address the earlier challenges,we propose a virtual cutting system based on the mass-spring model.In this system,MSM is utilized to simulate the soft tissue model.Residual stress is introduced to the model for simulating the shrinking effect of soft tissue in cutting.Second,a cylinder-based collision detection method is used to supervise the collision between surgical tools and soft tissue.Third,we simulate the cutting operation with a three-stage cutting method with swept volume,B´ezier curve,and an algorithm named shortest distance nodes matching method.In order to verify the system performance,we carry out three validation experiments on the proposed system:Cutting accuracy experiment,collision detection validation,and practical cutting evaluation.Experiments indicate that our system can well perform the shrinking effect of soft tissue in cutting.The system has fast and accurate collision detection.Moreover,the system can reconstruct smooth incisions vividly.

A Soft Tissue Acupuncture Model Based on Mass-Spring Force Ne

In the simulation of acupuncture manipulation,it is necessary to accurately capture the information of acupuncture points and particles around them.Therefore,a soft tissue modeling method that can accurately track model particles is needed.In this paper,a soft tissue acupuncture model based on the mass-spring force net is designed.MSM is used as the auxiliary model and the SHF model is combined.SHF is used to establish a three-layer soft tissue model of skin,fat,and muscle,and a layer of the MSM based force network is covered on the surface of soft tissue to realize the complementary advantages and disadvantages of spherical harmonic function and MSM.In addition,a springback algorithm is designed to simulate the springback phenomenon of soft tissue skin during acupuncture.The evaluation results show that the soft tissue acupuncture modeling method based on mass-spring force net can effectively simulate the springback phenomenon of soft tissue surface during acupuncture surgery,and has good comprehensive performance in the application of virtual acupuncture surgery simulation.

A quick and reliable image-based AI algorithm for evaluating cellular senescence of gastric organoids

Objective:Organoids are a powerful tool with broad application prospects in biomedicine.Notably,they provide alternatives to animal models for testing potential drugs before clinical trials.However,the number of passages for which organoids maintain cellular vitality ex vivo remains unclear.Methods:Herein,we constructed 55 gastric organoids from 35 individuals,serially passaged the organoids,and captured microscopic images for phenotypic evaluation.Senescence-associatedβ-galactosidase(SA-β-Gal),cell diameter in suspension,and gene expression reflecting cell cycle regulation were examined.The YOLOv3 object detection algorithm integrated with a convolutional block attention module(CBAM)was used to evaluate organoid vitality.Results:SA-β-Gal staining intensity;single-cell diameter;and expression of p15,p16,p21,CCNA2,CCNE2,and LMNB1 reflected the progression of aging in organoids during passaging.The CBAM-YOLOv3 algorithm precisely evaluated aging organoids on the basis of organoid average diameter,organoid number,and number×diameter,and the findings positively correlated with SA-β-Gal staining and single-cell diameter.Organoids derived from normal gastric mucosa had limited passaging ability(passages 1–5),before aging,whereas tumor organoids showed unlimited passaging potential for more than 45 passages(511 days)without showing clear senescence.Conclusions:Given the lack of indicators for evaluating organoid growth status,we established a reliable approach for integrated analysis of phenotypic parameters that uses an artificial intelligence algorithm to indicate organoid vitality.This method enables precise evaluation of organoid status in biomedical studies and monitoring of living biobanks.