[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for high-efficiency biological degradation microbial inoculums. [Method] under the 60℃ temperature the cellulolytic microbes in pig manure were isolated and determ...[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for high-efficiency biological degradation microbial inoculums. [Method] under the 60℃ temperature the cellulolytic microbes in pig manure were isolated and determined the CMCase and Fpase,then proceeded the 16S rRNA gene analysis. [Result]The results showed that:BC1 and BC3 strains characterized higher carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme activity and higher filter paper activity,but their difference was small,then the 16S rDNA sequence of BC1 and BC3 strains were related to pseudomonas sp. (98% and 99% similarities,respectively).[Conclusion] the experiment laid foundation for high-efficiency biological heating agent.展开更多
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding formic acid and corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages on the nutritional quality of these silages,growth,digestion,rumen fermentation...The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding formic acid and corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages on the nutritional quality of these silages,growth,digestion,rumen fermentation and cellulolytic bacterial community of Nubian black goats fed these silages.Banana pseudostem silage was prepared either conventionally without any additives(CON)or mixed with 0.6% formic acid(F),10% corn flour(C),or both(F+C).Four experimental diets containing 40% of the corresponding silages were designed with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50(dry matter(DM)basis).A total of 48 Nubian black castrated goats(body weight(BW),(22.64±1.82)kg;4-mon-old)were randomized into one of the four treatment groups with 12 replicates of one castrated goat per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design.Each group was fed on one of the four experimental diets for 40 days.A factorial arrangement of treatments of 2(formic acid levels:0 and 0.6%)×2(corn flour:0 and 10%)was adopted.Formic acid supplementation increased(P<0.05)average daily gain,as well as lactic acid,propionate and butyric acid and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations,but decreased(P<0.05)the feed conversion rate,pH value,acetate/propionate ratio,and butyric acid concentration relative to the CON group.Corn flour supplementation increased(P<0.05)the apparent digestibility of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,and non-fibrous carbohydrate and Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus albus,and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations,but decreased(P<0.05)the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population relative to the CON group.There were no F×C treatment interactions(P>0.05)for any of the other indices except for the apparent digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrate(NFC)(P<0.05).The results demonstrated that adding 0.6% formic acid and 10% corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages improved the nutritional quality of these silages and enhanced the growth performance of Nubian black castrated goats by improving apparent nutrient digestibility,and regulating ruminal fermentation and bacteria populations.展开更多
This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under st...This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 ℃ for 4 to 7 d. The identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. Forty-two species, including2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulation in the cellulose medium. Most of the isolated species were from genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis showed highest occurrence frequency （45% and 36% respectively）, as these species were collected from about 80% of soil samples. Being agar free and cheaper, the new fungal medium designed showed results equivalent to Sabouraud medium.展开更多
Studies have provided indirect evidence that cellulolytic activity of some anaerobic bacteria is repressed by carbohydrates, such as glucose. This effect is known as carbon catabolite repression （CCR）. Previous work...Studies have provided indirect evidence that cellulolytic activity of some anaerobic bacteria is repressed by carbohydrates, such as glucose. This effect is known as carbon catabolite repression （CCR）. Previous work has found that cellulolytic activity of Clostridium cellulovorans and Eubacterium cellulosolvens are regulated. Many cellulolytic systems of these organisms are expressed only in the presence of cellulose or cellobiose （the disaccharide of cellulose）. Some of these cellulose-induced systems also appear subject to CCR when more soluble substrates, such as glucose, are also available. To determine if such repression directly effects cellulolytic activity of C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens, these organisms were cultivated in media containing a glucose analog. We then measured the ability of low levels of analog to inhibit growth of the organisms when cellobiose or cellulose were the energy substrates. Our results found that growth of both C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens in cellobiose-containing medium are strongly inhibited by glucose analogs. In addition, both organisms exhibited delayed and slower growth in cellulose-containing medium when a glucose analog was added. These results provide direct demonstration that these cellulolytic bacteria are subject to CCR. This repression of cellulolysis may affect both of these organisms＇ ability to serve as industrial platforms for biomass degradation, and may interfere with the contribution of E. cellulosolvens toward animal digestion of cellulose. These results were also in sharp contrast to what has been reported regarding CCR activity in Clostridium cellulolyticum, which actively expresses cellulases in the presence of low levels of glucose.展开更多
People at Susupu, North Moluccas prepare the sago （Metroxylon sago） in traditionally way for consumption. The residue of processed sago usually thrown away on the ground, so it was caused pollution. Some amylolytic ...People at Susupu, North Moluccas prepare the sago （Metroxylon sago） in traditionally way for consumption. The residue of processed sago usually thrown away on the ground, so it was caused pollution. Some amylolytic bacteria species and cellulolytic bacteria species could be founded in sago waste product. The purpose of this research are：1 ） to identify the indigenous amylolytic bacteria species in sago waste product; 2） to identify the indigenous cellulolytic bacteria species in sago waste product; 3） to test the amylum hydrolysis ability of each amylolytic bacteria species; 4） to test the cellulose hydrolysis ability of each cellulolytic bacteria species. This research was conduct at the Microbiology laboratory, Biology Department-FMIPA-State University of Malang and the Microbiology laboratory-Faculty of Medicine-Brawijaya University. The research samples are sago waste product from Susupu, North Moluccas. The samples were grinded and diluted in nutrient broth, and then the suspension was diluted gradually until 10^-10. The suspension was inoculated 0.1 mL each on nutrient agar medium in 37℃ during 1 × 24 h. Each bacteria colony that grows on the medium were isolated and determined to know which one were the amyloliytic bacteria and the cellulolytic bacteria. The amylum hydrolysis index of each amylolytic bacteria species were counted as well as the cellulose hydrolysis index of each cellulolytic bacteria species. Each amylolytic bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria species were identified. This research result shows that： 1） there are 5 indigenous amylolytic bacteria species, i.e., Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus alvei and Serratia liquefaciens; 2） there are 4 indigenous cellulolytic bacteria species, i.e., Serratia liquefaciens, Acinetobacter iwofii, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus; 3） Serratia liquefaciens has the highest amylum hydrolysis index, i.e., 3.08; 4） Acinetobacter iwoffii has the highest cellulose hydrolysis index, i.e., 2.01.展开更多
The purpose of the paper was to study the effects of cellulolytic bacteria(CB)mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)on fermentation in vitro.Nine CB strains and seven NFB strains were isolated from numen fluid of th...The purpose of the paper was to study the effects of cellulolytic bacteria(CB)mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)on fermentation in vitro.Nine CB strains and seven NFB strains were isolated from numen fluid of three Holstein cows.Based onhigher activity of cellulose or nitrogenase,three CB types[CB-2(KT725624),CB-5(KT725623)and CB-6(KT725622)]and one NFB type[NFB-3(KT735054)]were screened out,respectively.Two parts were included in this study.The first part explored the optimal mixed ratio of CB to NFB through inoculating filter paper medium with the bacteria of 2×10^5 cfu·mL^-1.According to CMCase and FPase activities in the medium,the ratio of 4 to 1 was proven to be more effective.In the second part,rumen fermentation in vitro was conducted at 4:1 of CB to NFB,aiming at studying the effects of mixed bacteria.Six groups were classified,namely,control group(no bacteria),Group 1(CB-2+NFB-3),Group 2(CB-5+NFB-3),Group 3(CB-6+NFB-3),Group 4(NFB-3)and Group 5(CB-6).All the experimental groups had the same amount of bacteria(4×10^6 cfu·mL^-1)in the fermentation liquid.Samples were collected at 2,4,8,12 and 24 h of incubation.Compared with the groups with CB or NFB alone,gas production,dry matter degradability and bacterial protein expressions in the mixed groups increased.However,NH3-N concentration decreased and p H was stable.Meanwhile,related values among three mixed groups were significantly different;values in Group 2 were the best.展开更多
The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator...The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs;with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.展开更多
Mangrove （Sonneratia spp.） could be found at Waai seashore, Ambon island. The remainder of the mangrove stem will be decayed and become the waste product. Some indigenous bacteria species that live in the decayed ma...Mangrove （Sonneratia spp.） could be found at Waai seashore, Ambon island. The remainder of the mangrove stem will be decayed and become the waste product. Some indigenous bacteria species that live in the decayed mangrove stem waste product have cellulolytic and amylolytic characters. This research was done to： （1） identify and determine the cellulolytic bacteria species; （2） identify and determine the amylolytic bacteria species; （3） determine the cellulolytic bacteria species that have the highest cellulase activity; （4） determine the amylolytic bacteria species that have the highest amylase activity. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Malang, Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University and Chemistry Laboratory, Muhammadiyah Malang University. In the experiment, 25 g sample were grinded and diluted in 225 mL nutrient broth to get 101 suspension. Then the suspension was diluted gradually until 101~. The suspension was inoculated on nutrient agar medium with 0.1 mL each, and incubated in 37 ~C during 24 h. Each bacteria colony was isolated and identified to know whether it was cellulolytic or amylolytic bacteria. Afterward, the cellulase activity as well as the amylase activity was analyzed. The research results show that： （1） there are four cellulolytic bacteria species, i.e., Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus pumilus, Planococcus citreus and Bacillus cereus; （2） there are four amylolytic bacteria species, i.e., Bacillus firmus, Nitrobacter sp., Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; （3） Bacillus cereus has the highest cellulase activity; （4） Nitrobacter sp. has the highest amylase activity.展开更多
An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory w...An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory waste composting. The performance of the composting process was monitored as a function of carbon and organic matter decomposition rate, temperature and moisture content. The results indicate that the rubber factory waste is best composted with water hyacinth and sludge than composted alone. In addition, the CMA is more aft^ctive when mixed with the rubber factory waste, water hyacinth and sludge since a good fertilizer is achieved. When adding CMA into the rubber factory waste composted alone, the finished product does not achieve a standard of fertilizer, especially the C/N ratio. The finished products （both CMA and without CMA）, can be an environmental friendly alternative to solve the disposal problems of rubber factory waste, Since the C/N ratio, pH, moisture content, temperature, and nutrients of the finished products are acceptable for agriculture use.展开更多
基金Supported by Foundation of Henan Educational Committee(2010B530001)~~
文摘[Objective] The research aimed to lay the foundation for high-efficiency biological degradation microbial inoculums. [Method] under the 60℃ temperature the cellulolytic microbes in pig manure were isolated and determined the CMCase and Fpase,then proceeded the 16S rRNA gene analysis. [Result]The results showed that:BC1 and BC3 strains characterized higher carboxymethyl cellulose enzyme activity and higher filter paper activity,but their difference was small,then the 16S rDNA sequence of BC1 and BC3 strains were related to pseudomonas sp. (98% and 99% similarities,respectively).[Conclusion] the experiment laid foundation for high-efficiency biological heating agent.
基金This research was supported by the China Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(Investigation on strategies of fattening and high-quality meat productive techniques for herbivores based on resources of unconventional roughage in Southern China)(201303144)the Top Talents Award Plan of Yangzhou University,China(2016,2020)+4 种基金the Cyanine Project of Yangzhou University(2020)the Technology Specialty Fund for Cooperation between Jilin Province and the Chinese Academy of Sciences,2016SYHZ0022)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0700201)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31902180)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province Research Project,China(BK20170488).
文摘The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of adding formic acid and corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages on the nutritional quality of these silages,growth,digestion,rumen fermentation and cellulolytic bacterial community of Nubian black goats fed these silages.Banana pseudostem silage was prepared either conventionally without any additives(CON)or mixed with 0.6% formic acid(F),10% corn flour(C),or both(F+C).Four experimental diets containing 40% of the corresponding silages were designed with roughage to concentrate ratio of 50:50(dry matter(DM)basis).A total of 48 Nubian black castrated goats(body weight(BW),(22.64±1.82)kg;4-mon-old)were randomized into one of the four treatment groups with 12 replicates of one castrated goat per replicate for each treatment in a completely randomized design.Each group was fed on one of the four experimental diets for 40 days.A factorial arrangement of treatments of 2(formic acid levels:0 and 0.6%)×2(corn flour:0 and 10%)was adopted.Formic acid supplementation increased(P<0.05)average daily gain,as well as lactic acid,propionate and butyric acid and water-soluble carbohydrate concentrations,but decreased(P<0.05)the feed conversion rate,pH value,acetate/propionate ratio,and butyric acid concentration relative to the CON group.Corn flour supplementation increased(P<0.05)the apparent digestibility of crude protein,neutral detergent fiber,and non-fibrous carbohydrate and Fibrobacter succinogenes,Ruminococcus albus,and Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens populations,but decreased(P<0.05)the Ruminococcus flavefaciens population relative to the CON group.There were no F×C treatment interactions(P>0.05)for any of the other indices except for the apparent digestibility of non-fibrous carbohydrate(NFC)(P<0.05).The results demonstrated that adding 0.6% formic acid and 10% corn flour supplementation to banana pseudostem silages improved the nutritional quality of these silages and enhanced the growth performance of Nubian black castrated goats by improving apparent nutrient digestibility,and regulating ruminal fermentation and bacteria populations.
文摘This study is aimed at identifying and determining the percentage of occurrence frequency of cellulose decomposing soil fungi. The soil samples were inoculated into culture plates prepared in Sabouraud medium under sterilized conditions and incubated at 30 ℃ for 4 to 7 d. The identified fungal species were incubated in self-designed cellulose medium for testing their cellulolytic ability. Forty-two species, including2 nova species, representing sixteen genera showed growth and sporulation in the cellulose medium. Most of the isolated species were from genus Aspergillus and Penicillium. Aspergillus niger and Mucor hiemalis showed highest occurrence frequency （45% and 36% respectively）, as these species were collected from about 80% of soil samples. Being agar free and cheaper, the new fungal medium designed showed results equivalent to Sabouraud medium.
文摘Studies have provided indirect evidence that cellulolytic activity of some anaerobic bacteria is repressed by carbohydrates, such as glucose. This effect is known as carbon catabolite repression （CCR）. Previous work has found that cellulolytic activity of Clostridium cellulovorans and Eubacterium cellulosolvens are regulated. Many cellulolytic systems of these organisms are expressed only in the presence of cellulose or cellobiose （the disaccharide of cellulose）. Some of these cellulose-induced systems also appear subject to CCR when more soluble substrates, such as glucose, are also available. To determine if such repression directly effects cellulolytic activity of C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens, these organisms were cultivated in media containing a glucose analog. We then measured the ability of low levels of analog to inhibit growth of the organisms when cellobiose or cellulose were the energy substrates. Our results found that growth of both C. cellulovorans and E. cellulosolvens in cellobiose-containing medium are strongly inhibited by glucose analogs. In addition, both organisms exhibited delayed and slower growth in cellulose-containing medium when a glucose analog was added. These results provide direct demonstration that these cellulolytic bacteria are subject to CCR. This repression of cellulolysis may affect both of these organisms＇ ability to serve as industrial platforms for biomass degradation, and may interfere with the contribution of E. cellulosolvens toward animal digestion of cellulose. These results were also in sharp contrast to what has been reported regarding CCR activity in Clostridium cellulolyticum, which actively expresses cellulases in the presence of low levels of glucose.
文摘People at Susupu, North Moluccas prepare the sago （Metroxylon sago） in traditionally way for consumption. The residue of processed sago usually thrown away on the ground, so it was caused pollution. Some amylolytic bacteria species and cellulolytic bacteria species could be founded in sago waste product. The purpose of this research are：1 ） to identify the indigenous amylolytic bacteria species in sago waste product; 2） to identify the indigenous cellulolytic bacteria species in sago waste product; 3） to test the amylum hydrolysis ability of each amylolytic bacteria species; 4） to test the cellulose hydrolysis ability of each cellulolytic bacteria species. This research was conduct at the Microbiology laboratory, Biology Department-FMIPA-State University of Malang and the Microbiology laboratory-Faculty of Medicine-Brawijaya University. The research samples are sago waste product from Susupu, North Moluccas. The samples were grinded and diluted in nutrient broth, and then the suspension was diluted gradually until 10^-10. The suspension was inoculated 0.1 mL each on nutrient agar medium in 37℃ during 1 × 24 h. Each bacteria colony that grows on the medium were isolated and determined to know which one were the amyloliytic bacteria and the cellulolytic bacteria. The amylum hydrolysis index of each amylolytic bacteria species were counted as well as the cellulose hydrolysis index of each cellulolytic bacteria species. Each amylolytic bacteria and cellulolytic bacteria species were identified. This research result shows that： 1） there are 5 indigenous amylolytic bacteria species, i.e., Bacillus mycoides, Bacillus cereus, Bacillus licheniformis, Bacillus alvei and Serratia liquefaciens; 2） there are 4 indigenous cellulolytic bacteria species, i.e., Serratia liquefaciens, Acinetobacter iwofii, Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus cereus; 3） Serratia liquefaciens has the highest amylum hydrolysis index, i.e., 3.08; 4） Acinetobacter iwoffii has the highest cellulose hydrolysis index, i.e., 2.01.
基金Supported by China Agriculture Research System(CARS-37)Northeast Agricultural University Innovation Funding for Postgraduate(yjscx14007)。
文摘The purpose of the paper was to study the effects of cellulolytic bacteria(CB)mixed with nitrogen-fixing bacteria(NFB)on fermentation in vitro.Nine CB strains and seven NFB strains were isolated from numen fluid of three Holstein cows.Based onhigher activity of cellulose or nitrogenase,three CB types[CB-2(KT725624),CB-5(KT725623)and CB-6(KT725622)]and one NFB type[NFB-3(KT735054)]were screened out,respectively.Two parts were included in this study.The first part explored the optimal mixed ratio of CB to NFB through inoculating filter paper medium with the bacteria of 2×10^5 cfu·mL^-1.According to CMCase and FPase activities in the medium,the ratio of 4 to 1 was proven to be more effective.In the second part,rumen fermentation in vitro was conducted at 4:1 of CB to NFB,aiming at studying the effects of mixed bacteria.Six groups were classified,namely,control group(no bacteria),Group 1(CB-2+NFB-3),Group 2(CB-5+NFB-3),Group 3(CB-6+NFB-3),Group 4(NFB-3)and Group 5(CB-6).All the experimental groups had the same amount of bacteria(4×10^6 cfu·mL^-1)in the fermentation liquid.Samples were collected at 2,4,8,12 and 24 h of incubation.Compared with the groups with CB or NFB alone,gas production,dry matter degradability and bacterial protein expressions in the mixed groups increased.However,NH3-N concentration decreased and p H was stable.Meanwhile,related values among three mixed groups were significantly different;values in Group 2 were the best.
文摘The current study has been undertaken to examine the beneficial effect in the power output of a microbial fuel cell (MFC) by adding cellulolytic bacteria Ruminococcus albus (R. albus) into the anodic chamber. Mediator-less H-type MFCs were set up where the anode chamber contained anaerobic digester microorganisms as inocula on finely ground pine tree (Avicel) at 2% (w/v) and the cathode chamber of 10mM phosphate buffered saline conductive solution, both separated by a cation exchange membrane. The functioning of the MFCs for generation of electrical power and the amounts of gaseous byproducts was monitored over a 9-day period. The addition of cellulolytic bacteria caused an increase of average power density from 7.9 m W/m2 to19.5 m W/m2, about 245% increase over a 9-day period. For both groups of MFCs;with R. albus and the control, the head space gases collected were methane and CO2. While the methane: CO2 ratios were found unchanged at 1.7:1 throughout the 9 days of operation, the total gas production increased from 248 mL to 319 mL due to the presence of R. albus addition. This study confirms that whereas the biocatalytic activity of anode microbial population determines the energy production, the addition of external cellulolytic bacteria into anode microbial population can improve and extend the biomass utilization.
文摘Mangrove （Sonneratia spp.） could be found at Waai seashore, Ambon island. The remainder of the mangrove stem will be decayed and become the waste product. Some indigenous bacteria species that live in the decayed mangrove stem waste product have cellulolytic and amylolytic characters. This research was done to： （1） identify and determine the cellulolytic bacteria species; （2） identify and determine the amylolytic bacteria species; （3） determine the cellulolytic bacteria species that have the highest cellulase activity; （4） determine the amylolytic bacteria species that have the highest amylase activity. This research was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Department of Biology, State University of Malang, Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Medicine, Brawijaya University and Chemistry Laboratory, Muhammadiyah Malang University. In the experiment, 25 g sample were grinded and diluted in 225 mL nutrient broth to get 101 suspension. Then the suspension was diluted gradually until 101~. The suspension was inoculated on nutrient agar medium with 0.1 mL each, and incubated in 37 ~C during 24 h. Each bacteria colony was isolated and identified to know whether it was cellulolytic or amylolytic bacteria. Afterward, the cellulase activity as well as the amylase activity was analyzed. The research results show that： （1） there are four cellulolytic bacteria species, i.e., Micrococcus luteus, Bacillus pumilus, Planococcus citreus and Bacillus cereus; （2） there are four amylolytic bacteria species, i.e., Bacillus firmus, Nitrobacter sp., Bacillus mycoides and Pseudomonas aeruginosa; （3） Bacillus cereus has the highest cellulase activity; （4） Nitrobacter sp. has the highest amylase activity.
文摘An aerobic composting method is studied to reuse organic waste from rubb er factory waste as soil fertilizer and to study the effect of cellulolytic microbial activator （CMA） as the activator in the rubber factory waste composting. The performance of the composting process was monitored as a function of carbon and organic matter decomposition rate, temperature and moisture content. The results indicate that the rubber factory waste is best composted with water hyacinth and sludge than composted alone. In addition, the CMA is more aft^ctive when mixed with the rubber factory waste, water hyacinth and sludge since a good fertilizer is achieved. When adding CMA into the rubber factory waste composted alone, the finished product does not achieve a standard of fertilizer, especially the C/N ratio. The finished products （both CMA and without CMA）, can be an environmental friendly alternative to solve the disposal problems of rubber factory waste, Since the C/N ratio, pH, moisture content, temperature, and nutrients of the finished products are acceptable for agriculture use.
