A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with differe...A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.展开更多
Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary ce...Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form plasma-membrane bound rosette complexes that are functional during cellulose production. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been possible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the possible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidopsis and aspen via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong positive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidopsis and aspen, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidopsis and aspen CesAs were weak. Moreover, in aspen, three primary wall associated CesA ZnBDs positively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either primary or secondary CesAs, and even from different plant species could interact but are perhaps insufficient for specificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more specific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also possible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in plants for assembling the rosette complexes with different compositions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct impact on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production.展开更多
Leucaena leucocephala is fast growing leguminous tree species, acclimatized to variety of soil and climatic conditions. It is widely used for pulp production in India. Pulp mainly consists of cellulose, which is a sim...Leucaena leucocephala is fast growing leguminous tree species, acclimatized to variety of soil and climatic conditions. It is widely used for pulp production in India. Pulp mainly consists of cellulose, which is a simple polymer of unbranched β-1, 4-linked glucan chains. The polymerization of glucose residues into a β-1, 4-linked backbone is catalysed by the enzyme cellulose synthase (CesA). Here, cDNAs encoding CesA genes from Leucaena were isolated and characterized. The two complete cDNAs of 3.228 kb and 3.222 kb encoding CesA gene from L. leucocephala were designated as Ll-7CesA (FJ871987) and Ll-8CesA (GQ267555) respectively. In-silico studies showed that Ll-7CesA has 95.2% identities and Ll- 8CesA has 95.8% identities with Acacia mangium CesA2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant similarity with known dicot CesA genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of both CesA genes contained the conserved D, D, D, QxxRW motif, eight membrane spanning regions and a putative zinc binding domain, which are characteristic of glycosyltransferases. DNA blot analysis suggested, CesA gene to be in multiple copies in Leucaena genome. Semi quantitative and quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis of Ll-7CesA gene showed more expression in stem than leaf and not detected in root where as Ll-8CesA gene was expressed more in stem than leaf and root. Overall Ll-8CesA was expressed in all tested tissues and could be involved in active cellulose biosynthesis.展开更多
The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes...The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes are vital for abiotic stress resistance and shoot tenderness regulation of tea plants(Camellia sinensis).However,the CesA/Csl gene family has not been extensively studied in tea plants.Here,we identified 53 CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants.These genes were grouped into five subfamilies(CsCesA,CsCslB,CsCslD,CsCslE,CsCslG)based on the phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis and rice.The analysis of chromosome distribution,gene structure,protein domain and motif revealed that most genes in CsCesA,CsCslD and CsCslE subfamilies were conserved,whereas CsCslB and CsCslG subfamily members are highly diverged.The transcriptome analysis showed that most CsCesA/Csl genes displayed tissue-specific expression pattern.In addition,members of CsCslB4,CsCesA1/3/6,CsCslB3/4,CsCslD3,CsCslE1 and CsCslG2/3 subfamilies were up-regulated under drought and cold stresses,indicating their potential roles in regulating stress tolerance in tea plants.Furthermore,the expression levels of CsCslG2_6 and CsCslD3_5 in different tissues and cultivars,respectively,were positively correlated with the cellulose content that is negatively related with shoot tenderness.Thus,these two genes were speculated to be involved in the regulation of shoot tenderness in tea plants.Our findings may help elucidate the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants,and provide more candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance and tenderness regulation in tea plants for future functional research.展开更多
The mechanistic basis of cellulose biosynthesis in plants has gained ground during last decade or so.The isolation of plant cDNA clones encoding cotton homologs of the bacterial cellulose
以亚麻快速生长期茎部组织总RNA为模板,通过反转录PCR克隆纤维素合酶基因Lu Ce s A8(基因ID:Lus10029245)全长开放读码框序列。序列分析结果表明,开放读码框全长2 967 bp,共编码988个氨基酸。通过多氨基酸序列比对发现,该蛋白与麻风树Ce...以亚麻快速生长期茎部组织总RNA为模板,通过反转录PCR克隆纤维素合酶基因Lu Ce s A8(基因ID:Lus10029245)全长开放读码框序列。序列分析结果表明,开放读码框全长2 967 bp,共编码988个氨基酸。通过多氨基酸序列比对发现,该蛋白与麻风树Ces A8蛋白亲缘关系最近,相似度达87%,与胡杨、可可树、雷蒙德氏棉及芝麻Ces A8蛋白氨基酸序列相似性分别为86%、85%、85%、81%。荧光定量PCR结果表明,该基因在亚麻不同发育阶段表达水平存在显著差异,快速生长期表达量最高,花期和绿熟期次之,苗期最低。研究为揭示Lu Ce s A8基因在次生细胞壁纤维素合成中的作用奠定基础。展开更多
基金Supported by the Hi-Tech Research and Development Program of China (863) (2001AA244060 and 2003AA244020) and National Basic Research Program of China (973) (J1999016003)
文摘A 3 125 bp cellulose synthase gene, PtoCesA1, which has a 98% identity to PtrCesA1 from Populus tremuloides, was cloned from cDNA prepared from secondary xylem of P tomentosa. Four anti-expression vectors with different fragments of PtoCesAl, named as pBIPF, pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR, were constructed. Some traits of transformed tobacco of pBICC1, pBIPR and pBIBR differed from wild types, such as small leaves, ＂dwarf＂ phenotype and thinner xylem and fiber cell walls than wild plants consistent with a loss of cellulose. It indicated that the growth of transgenic tobacco was restrained by the expression of anti-PtoCesA1. Transgenic tobacco was obtained and the contents of cellulose and lignin were analyzed as well as the width and length of fiber cells, and xylem thickness for both transgenic and control plants. Transformed tobacco showed a different phenotype from control plants and it implied that PtoCesA1 was essential for the cellulose biosynthesis in poplar stems.
文摘Plant cellulose synthases (CesAs) are the key enzymes necessary for cellulose biosynthesis. In Arabidopsis, two distinct groups of three CesAs each are necessary for cellulose synthesis during primary and secondary cell wall formation. It has also been suggested that such three CesAs interact with each other to form plasma-membrane bound rosette complexes that are functional during cellulose production. However, in vivo demonstration of such assemblies of three CesAs into rosettes has not been possible. We used yeast two-hybrid assays to demonstrate the possible interactions among several CesAs from Arabidopsis and aspen via their N-terminal zinc-binding domains (ZnBDs). While strong positive interactions were detected among ZnBDs from secondary wall associated CesAs of both Arabidopsis and aspen, the intergeneric interactions between Arabidopsis and aspen CesAs were weak. Moreover, in aspen, three primary wall associated CesA ZnBDs positively interacted with each other as well as with secondary CesAs. These results suggest that ZnBDs from either primary or secondary CesAs, and even from different plant species could interact but are perhaps insufficient for specificities of such interactions among CesAs. These observations suggest that some other more specific interacting regions might exist within CesAs. It is also possible that some hitherto unknown mechanism exists in plants for assembling the rosette complexes with different compositions of CesAs. Understanding how cellulose is synthesized will have a direct impact on utilization of lignocellulosic biomass for bioenergy production.
文摘Leucaena leucocephala is fast growing leguminous tree species, acclimatized to variety of soil and climatic conditions. It is widely used for pulp production in India. Pulp mainly consists of cellulose, which is a simple polymer of unbranched β-1, 4-linked glucan chains. The polymerization of glucose residues into a β-1, 4-linked backbone is catalysed by the enzyme cellulose synthase (CesA). Here, cDNAs encoding CesA genes from Leucaena were isolated and characterized. The two complete cDNAs of 3.228 kb and 3.222 kb encoding CesA gene from L. leucocephala were designated as Ll-7CesA (FJ871987) and Ll-8CesA (GQ267555) respectively. In-silico studies showed that Ll-7CesA has 95.2% identities and Ll- 8CesA has 95.8% identities with Acacia mangium CesA2. Phylogenetic analysis revealed significant similarity with known dicot CesA genes. The deduced amino acid sequence of both CesA genes contained the conserved D, D, D, QxxRW motif, eight membrane spanning regions and a putative zinc binding domain, which are characteristic of glycosyltransferases. DNA blot analysis suggested, CesA gene to be in multiple copies in Leucaena genome. Semi quantitative and quantitative real-time PCR expression analysis of Ll-7CesA gene showed more expression in stem than leaf and not detected in root where as Ll-8CesA gene was expressed more in stem than leaf and root. Overall Ll-8CesA was expressed in all tested tissues and could be involved in active cellulose biosynthesis.
基金the Technology Creation Center of Guizhou Tea Industrialization(Qiankezhongyindi[2017]4005)Training Project for Guizhou Excellent Young Scientific and Technological Talents(Qiankehe Platform Talent[2019]5651)Guizhou Science and Technology Planning Project(Qiankehe Support[2021]General 111)to Litang Lu,and Research Funds for Introduced Talents of Guizhou University to Qi Zhao.
文摘The cellulose synthase gene superfamily,including Cellulose synthase A(CesA)and cellulose synthase-like(Csl)gene families,is responsible for the synthesis of cellulose and hemicellulose,respectively.The CesA/Csl genes are vital for abiotic stress resistance and shoot tenderness regulation of tea plants(Camellia sinensis).However,the CesA/Csl gene family has not been extensively studied in tea plants.Here,we identified 53 CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants.These genes were grouped into five subfamilies(CsCesA,CsCslB,CsCslD,CsCslE,CsCslG)based on the phylogenetic relationships with Arabidopsis and rice.The analysis of chromosome distribution,gene structure,protein domain and motif revealed that most genes in CsCesA,CsCslD and CsCslE subfamilies were conserved,whereas CsCslB and CsCslG subfamily members are highly diverged.The transcriptome analysis showed that most CsCesA/Csl genes displayed tissue-specific expression pattern.In addition,members of CsCslB4,CsCesA1/3/6,CsCslB3/4,CsCslD3,CsCslE1 and CsCslG2/3 subfamilies were up-regulated under drought and cold stresses,indicating their potential roles in regulating stress tolerance in tea plants.Furthermore,the expression levels of CsCslG2_6 and CsCslD3_5 in different tissues and cultivars,respectively,were positively correlated with the cellulose content that is negatively related with shoot tenderness.Thus,these two genes were speculated to be involved in the regulation of shoot tenderness in tea plants.Our findings may help elucidate the evolutionary relationships and expression patterns of the CsCesA/Csl genes in tea plants,and provide more candidate genes responsible for stress tolerance and tenderness regulation in tea plants for future functional research.
文摘The mechanistic basis of cellulose biosynthesis in plants has gained ground during last decade or so.The isolation of plant cDNA clones encoding cotton homologs of the bacterial cellulose
文摘以亚麻快速生长期茎部组织总RNA为模板,通过反转录PCR克隆纤维素合酶基因Lu Ce s A8(基因ID:Lus10029245)全长开放读码框序列。序列分析结果表明,开放读码框全长2 967 bp,共编码988个氨基酸。通过多氨基酸序列比对发现,该蛋白与麻风树Ces A8蛋白亲缘关系最近,相似度达87%,与胡杨、可可树、雷蒙德氏棉及芝麻Ces A8蛋白氨基酸序列相似性分别为86%、85%、85%、81%。荧光定量PCR结果表明,该基因在亚麻不同发育阶段表达水平存在显著差异,快速生长期表达量最高,花期和绿熟期次之,苗期最低。研究为揭示Lu Ce s A8基因在次生细胞壁纤维素合成中的作用奠定基础。
