Experimental Study of Dynamic Characteristics on Composite Foundation with CFG Long Pile and Rammed Cement-Soil Short Pile

Based on the idea of optimization design of pile type, the two kinds of the typical pile type are selected, which containing flexibility pile (e.g. rammed cement-soil pile is for short RCSP), and rigid pile (e.g. cement-flyash-gravel pile is for short CFGP). The three kinds of the composite foundation are designed, which are CFGP, CFG long pile and CFG short pile (for short CFGLP-CFGSP), CFG long-short pile and rammed cement-soil short pile (for short CFGLP-RCSSP). Natural earthquake is simulated by using the engineering blasting;the dynamic characteristics and dynamic response of the composite foundation are studied through field test. CFGLP-RCSSP is closed to linear relation. The bearing capacity of the four composite foundation of the CFGP, CFGLP-CFGSP, and CFGLP-RCSSP in the site are 225 kPa, 179 kPa, and 197 kPa, separately increases 150%, 98.8% and 119% compared to the natural foundation. The vibration main frequency is mainly depended on properties of foundation soil and piles between vibration source and measuring point, pilling load value. Horizontal vibration main frequency greater than the vertical vibration main frequency and the vertical vibration main frequency close to the first-order natural frequency of composite foundation. With the pilling load increasing, the CFGLP-RCSSP pile composite foundation combined frequency decreased. Under the same blast energy, the acceleration peak on the CFG pile composite foundation is less than CFGLP-CFGSP the corresponding values, as the load increases, the peak acceleration gently. CFG pile composite foundation is favorable on seismic. The distribution of peak acceleration is consistent within 4 m from pile top in the CFGLP_RCSSP composite foundation. The maximum of the horizontal acceleration peak along the pile body occurs at a distance of pile top 4 m or the pile top, and that of vertical acceleration peak occurred at a pile top.

Experiments of Multi-element Composite Foundation with Steel Pipe Pile and Gravel Pile

A set of serf-developed apparatus for foundation physical model were utilized to conduct model tests of the multi-element composite foundation with a steel pipe pile and several gravel piles. Some load-bearing characteristics of the multi-element Composite foundation, including the curves of foundation settlement, stresses of piles, pile-soil stress ratio, and load-sharing ratio of piles and soil, were obtained to study its working performances in silty sand soil. The experimental results revealed that the multi-element composite foundation with steel pipe pile and gravel pile contributed more than the gravel pile composite foundation in improving the bearing capacity of the silty fine sand.

The Dynamic Characteristic Experimental Method on the Composite Foundation with Rigid-Flexible Compound Piles

Based on the idea of optimization design of pile type, the composite foundations, which include cememt-flyash-gaavel (for short CFG) long piles and cement-soil (for short CS) short piles, and CS piles with CFG core as well, are formed. The method of the site dynamic characteristic tests of the composite foundations is discussed. The test results show that fireworks bomb may replace demolitions as the vibration resource. Vibration time is about 0.1 sec. Horizontal vibration major frequency is at 22.476 - 56.436 Hz, and vertical vibration major frequency is at 15.538 - 55.884 Hz. The pile arrangements of the composite foundation in the same site have more effect on the acceleration peak value. From the point of vibration, the anti-seismic effect of the CS piles with CFG core is better than others.

Bearing capacity and mechanical behavior of CFG pile composite foundation

CFG pile (i.e., pile constructed by granular materials of cement, fly-ash and gravel) composite foundation is applied in subsoil treatment widely and successfully. In order to have a further study of this kind of subsoil treatment technology, the influencing factors and calculation methods of the vertical bearing capacity of single CFG pile and the CFG pile composite foundation were discussed respectively. And based on the obtained solutions, effects by the cushion and measurements to reduce negative friction area were analyzed. Moreover, the developing law of settlement and bearing capacity eigenvalue controlled by the material strength with the increase of load were given for the CFG composite foundation. The in-situ static load test was tested for CFG pile. The results of test show that the maximum test load or half of the ultimate load is used from all the points of test, the average bearing capacity eigenvalue of single pile is 390 kN, and slightly greater than the design value of bearing capacity. The bearing capacity eigenvalues of composite foundation for 3 piles are greater than 300 kPa, and the mechanical properties of CFG pile composite foundation are almost identical in the case of the same load and cushion thickness. The pile-soil stress ratio and the load-sharing ratio can be adjusted through setting up cushion thickness.

饱和地基水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的BEM-FEM耦合分析

人工振动污染是当前城市发展过程中面临的一个难题,单排或多排桩是人工振动污染防治的一种重要方式。传统基桩施工容易造成泥浆污染、振动等各种负面环境问题,而水泥土复合桩是一种低振动、低噪声、无挤土、少排泥浆的新型基桩,特别适合在城区构建排桩屏障。针对饱和地基中单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振问题,建立了动力机器基础环境振动影响的半解析BEM方程;在此基础上,分别采用半解析BEM对饱和地基、FEM对水泥土复合桩进行建模,根据饱和地基-水泥土桩接触面的平衡和相容条件,建立了水泥土复合桩近场主动隔振的半解析BEM-FEM耦合方程,给出了耦合方程稀疏矩阵的存储策略,并对单排水泥土复合桩的近场主动隔振效果进行了计算分析。研究结果表明:单排水泥土复合桩能够有效地对动力机器基础引起环境振动进行隔振;等长芯桩复合桩的隔振效果要优于短芯桩。单排水泥土复合桩的隔振效果随着桩数的增加而逐渐提高;较小桩间距并不一定取得更好的隔振效果,建议相邻桩桩间净距取2.0~2.5λ_(R)(Rayleigh波波长)。随着单排水泥土复合桩距振源距离的增加,屏障隔振效果逐渐降低,但降低幅度相对较小。此外,对水泥土复合桩而言,当内插预制桩的外轮廓尺寸相同时,预制芯桩型式对水泥土复合桩隔振效果影响相对较小,可根据实际工程条件选择合适的芯桩类型。

Settlement mechanism of piled-raft foundation due to cyclic train loads and its countermeasure

In this paper, numerical simulation with soil-water coupling finite element-finite difference（FE-FD） analysis is conducted to investigate the settlement and the excess pore water pressure（EPWP） of a piled-raft foundation due to cyclic high-speed（speed： 300km/h） train loading. To demonstrate the performance of this numerical simulation, the settlement and EPWP in the ground under the train loading within one month was calculated and confirmed by monitoring data, which shows that the change of the settlement and EPWP can be simulated well on the whole. In order to ensure the safety of train operation, countermeasure by the fracturing grouting is proposed. Two cases are analyzed, namely, grouting in No-4 softest layer and No-9 pile bearing layer respectively. It is found that fracturing grouting in the pile bearing layer（No-9 layer） has better effect on reducing the settlement.

上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础V-H承载特性

海上风机基础不仅受自重等竖向力V作用,也因水流、波浪和风等影响而承受水平荷载H。为探讨上砂下黏地层中一种由单桩和吸力筒组成的新型海上风机桩-筒复合基础受V-H组合作用时的承载特性,自主设计完成了一系列室内桩-筒复合基础V-H组合加载模型试验,获得不同组合参数下桩-筒复合基础的荷载-位移曲线和桩身弯矩分布曲线,并绘制出V-H承载力包络线。在此基础上,采用ABAQUS建立了上砂下黏地层中桩-筒复合基础三维数值分析模型,经模型验证与参数分析,进一步讨论了砂土厚度、筒径、筒高以及加载高度等参数对桩-筒复合基础承载特性的影响曲线,并拟合出桩-筒复合基础承载力简化计算公式,分析结果表明:桩-筒复合基础能显著提高桩身水平承载力,增幅达30%~90%,且增加筒径比增加筒高更有利于提高基础水平承载力;上部砂土层较厚时,桩-筒复合基础存在一个使复合基础水平承载力达到最大的预加竖向荷载最佳值,其值随不同载荷工况在(0.4~0.7)Vult范围内变化。

黄土区楔形桩-网复合地基承载特性

[目的]针对黄土地区中楔形桩-网复合地基的承载性能进行探究.[方法]开展以几何相似常数为第一基本量、重度相似常数为第二基本量的土工模型试验,研究了不同受荷区域基桩承载能力,并通过有限元计算方法进一步分析其承载特性.比较模型试验结果与有限元计算结果,揭示了黄土区楔形桩-网复合地基的荷载沉降、桩身轴力、侧摩阻力、桩土应力比及荷载分担比等分布与变化规律.[结果]复合地基沉降变化总体趋于均匀,荷载-沉降曲线为缓变型;不同受荷区域基桩的桩身轴力、侧摩阻力呈现明显差异性;楔形桩-土相互作用与荷载和深度呈现正相关关系,但存在一定上限;复合地基中楔形桩随荷载增大能有效分散桩身应力,并将荷载由桩体向桩周土传递、由地基中心向外围扩散.[结论]楔形桩-网复合地基表现出良好的承载能力,直接受荷区桩能更高效地发挥楔形桩承载特性,楔形桩在复合地基中很好地实现桩-网-土协同作用.

深基坑斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙数值模拟分析

依托福建某医院的基坑工程实例,采用数值模拟方法,研究斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护结构的变形特征及其稳定性。结果表明:坡面水平位移最大变形出现在基坑“腰部”,设计时应适当加强此位置的变形控制;斜直交替钢管桩复合土钉墙支护体系安全可行,其较双排直立钢管桩复合土钉墙及单一土钉墙有更好的变形控制能力和更高的稳定性。

双向增强复合地基桩土应力比计算方法研究

研究目的:桩土应力比是反映双向增强复合地基工作特性的重要指标。由于路堤荷载下双向增强复合地基承载变形机理复杂,本文以双桩范围内的路堤与双向复合地基为研究对象,考虑路堤土拱效应、加筋层网兜效应、应力扩散效应等多重效应的共同作用,建立路堤-水平加筋垫层-竖向桩体-桩间土协调变形的二维理论分析模型,探究各影响因素对桩土应力比的影响规律。研究结论:(1)桩土应力比随填土重度、桩间距的增加而减小,随填料内摩擦角的增大呈先增加后减小趋势,随路堤填筑高度、格栅层数、填料黏聚力的增加而增大;(2)桩土应力比对各参数的敏感性由高到低排序为:桩间距、路堤填筑高度、路堤填土重度、路堤填料黏聚力、格栅层数及路堤填料内摩擦角;(3)本研究成果可为类似工程的桩土应力比计算提供理论依据及工程借鉴。

厚软土层下高层建筑长短桩复合地基承载性能研究

为了提升厚软土层下高层建筑地基的承载力,提出长短桩复合地基承载性能研究。基于地质勘测结果设计长短桩复合地基,分析其承载性状及沉降情况;利用Mohr-Coulomb模型,完成承载性能模拟。实验结果显示:在短桩和长桩桩体的单桩承载载荷最大时,沉降结果均在5.00 cm左右;楼体层高为30.00 m时,单位载荷沉降平均值为0.51 cm。所提方法能够可靠分析厚软土层的高层建筑长短桩复合地基承载性能,为厚软土层的高层建筑长短桩复合地基设计提供可靠依据。

混凝土芯水泥土复合桩竖向承载特性分析方法

基于Euler梁理论和状态空间法,建立了综合考虑非线性芯桩-水泥土-桩周土界面作用的双层叠合直梁分析模型及其状态方程,推导了成层土中不同组合形式的复合桩截面内力与变形的统一解析解,有效地考虑了复合桩分析中土与结构相互作用、结构局部参数发生变化等难点。通过与已有文献中现场试验和数值计算结果对比,验证了该方法的有效性,并讨论了桩径比、芯长比和水泥土弹性模量对桩承载特性的影响。研究结果表明:(1)桩径比增大,可提供的桩侧摩阻力和桩端阻力增大,复合桩竖向承载力基本呈线性增长;(2)芯长比增大,复合桩竖向承载力的增长幅度逐渐增大;(3)水泥土弹性模量对于桩竖向承载力影响较小。

重载码头堆场CFG桩网复合地基离心模型试验研究

CFG桩网复合地基广泛应用于处理软土地基。采用土工离心模型试验研究某码头堆场超大荷载下CFG桩网复合地基的变形和桩土应力特性,试验模拟了地基、CFG桩、树根桩、加筋垫层、防尘网和轨道梁基础、矿石堆载等,分析了超大荷载作用下复合地基表面变形、桩顶轴力、桩间土压力、桩土应力比的变化规律。试验结果表明,复合地基的沉降速率在稳定控制标准之内,沉降量满足堆场使用要求,防尘网基础和轨道梁基础水平位移和沉降均很小,桩土应力比为25.2~43.8,CFG桩网复合地基在350 kPa荷载作用下是稳定安全的,达到了预期加固效果。

桩网复合地基离心模型试验中桩顶轴力测试方法研究

桩网复合地基是常见的软土加固措施。在开展桩网复合地基离心模型试验时,为了分析桩土应力比,需要测量桩顶轴力和桩间土压力。微型土压力计在离心模型试验中已经得到广泛应用,但尚无成熟的微型桩顶轴力测试传感器。利用模型桩的桩帽,开发了一种离心模型试验专用桩顶轴力测试方法,标定结果显示该方法测试线性度好。通过某桩网复合地基离心模型试验和数值分析的桩土应力比结果对比分析,验证了该方法的测试效果。

非对称路堤填筑对邻近桥桩影响分析

针对在高架桥下新建公路出现的单侧路堤填筑施工工况,以珠三角地区某一级公路路桥共线工程为例,对不同软基处理方案进行有限元计算,根据土层性质选用不同本构模型。分析结果表明:就地固化结合水泥土搅拌桩复合地基方案比水泥土搅拌桩复合地基方案能更好地控制桩身位移;根据挠曲线近似微分方程和数值计算得到的桩身位移或转角可以求出桩身弯矩,在桩身弯矩较大位置范围内应加强配筋。

填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性数值分析

目前建筑倾斜事故频繁发生,但对于大底盘建筑倾斜全过程的变形力学行为受到了较少的关注。因此,研究了填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程的沉降变形特性及受力特性。基于数值模拟,探讨了填方灰土桩复合地基大底盘建筑倾斜特性相应变化规律,分析填方灰土桩复合地基倾斜过程中沉降变形及大底盘基础变形受力特性,研究了填方区地基处理优化方案。研究结果表明:建筑倾斜过程中,基础边缘处剪切变形最大,剪切变形值与倾斜值呈正相关;大底盘建筑倾斜过程中基础顶板混凝土首先开裂,其弯曲点不断变化;基础底板尚未开裂但底板南半段出现隆起现象,在靠近倾斜建筑0.2 L(L为底板长度)位置处存在开裂风险,倾斜过程弯曲点基本不变;水泥粉煤灰碎石桩(cement fly-ash gravel,CFG)桩地基处理方案剪应变最大值比原有方案剪应变最大值降低了67.08%,沉降值和倾斜值分别降低了67.52%、73.83%,达到此类建筑倾斜率不应超过3‰的规范要求;研究结果为类似复合地基大底盘建筑纠偏加固提供了借鉴和参考。

水泥土搅拌桩加固铁路饱和黄土地基承载特性试验及分析

针对兰州西至中川机场城际铁路沿线分布着大量饱和黄土,天然承载力低,无法满足工程建设要求这一问题,依据复合地基理论,提出用水泥土搅拌桩加固饱和黄土地基。通过FLAC 3D软件建立柔性荷载作用下水泥土搅拌桩复合地基模型,进行承载特性分析。得出以下结论:复合地基承载力为150 kPa,较原位地基土的承载力100.24 kPa有明显的提高;随着上部荷载的增加,沉降量也增大,中桩沉降量最大,边桩次之,角桩最小;桩身轴应力沿深度变化曲线存在一个中性点,此处桩身轴应力达到最大值;桩顶应力、桩间土应力随着荷载增加而增大,荷载为180 kPa是增长幅度发生变化的转折点。

基于现场试验的CFG桩复合地基桩帽与垫层效应分析

【目的】柔性垫层和桩帽对CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降均有较大影响,但目前柔性垫层与桩帽在现场试验中如何共同影响复合地基特性仍有待进一步的研究。【方法】以CFG桩复合地基软基处理的某路段作为工程背景,在土工格栅层数不变的情况下,对垫层厚度为100 mm、200 mm、300 mm,桩帽尺寸为0.8 m、1.0 m、1.2 m组合下的形式进行了现场原位试验,研究了CFG桩复合地基的桩土应力比、荷载分担比和沉降特性。【结果】现场试验表明:随着垫层厚度由100 mm增大到300 mm,桩土荷载比减小了51.5%,桩土应力比减小了52.5%,总沉降量增大了7.9%;随着桩帽直径由0.8 m增大到1.2 m,桩土荷载比增大了29.0%,桩土应力比减小了29.2%,总沉降量10.4%.本文区域地质条件,宜选用垫层厚度100 mm、桩帽直径为1.2 m的CFG桩复合地基形式。

基于离散元方法的卵砾石地层条件下水泥土搅拌桩机钻头结构参数研究

卵砾石地层可压缩性低、抗剪强度大,水泥土搅拌桩工法在应用于卵砾石地层时存钻进困难、钻具磨损大等问题。为确定卵砾石地层条件下钻头形式的最优布置,基于离散元法(DEM),对不同切削叶片数量、切削叶片角度、截齿布置形式、钻头中心底部布置形式、机械压力工况下,搅拌桩机钻头钻进卵砾石地层的物理过程进行三维动态仿真模拟,并分析研究了不同钻头布置形式对钻进效果的影响。计算结果表明:钻头切削叶片数量的增加会提高钻进阻转矩,但是会增强钻头的定心能力。设置截齿的钻头钻进阻力矩并无明显提高,但钻进速度有一定程度的提高。钻头切削叶片角度的提高会增加钻进阻力矩,但过低或者过高的切削叶片角度均会降低钻进速度。适当提高钻进压力可提高钻进速度,但须考虑动力装置的功率及扭矩输出能力。三切削叶片、高切削叶片角度、设置三截齿的高效率钻头在应用于北京市某项目卵砾石地层时效果良好,文章提出的方法可以为其他工程的施工机械选型提供参照依据。

深中通道沉管隧道深层水泥搅拌桩复合地基沉降计算分析

基于深中通道沉管隧道深层水泥搅拌(DCM)桩复合地基现场试验结果,考虑厚垫层和高置换率DCM桩对复合地基荷载传递机理及沉降特性的影响,将碎石垫层、DCM桩复合地基和桩端下卧层作为协同作用的系统,考虑系统各部分在接触面上的应力与变形协调,通过分析典型单元体,推导海底DCM桩复合地基桩土应力比和沉降的理论计算公式.将理论计算得到的DCM桩复合地基荷载-位移曲线和桩土应力比变化曲线与现场静载试验实测曲线进行对比,相对误差均不超过±10%,验证了所提理论计算公式的合理性.分析置换率和垫层柔度系数对海底DCM桩复合地基的荷载传递机理及沉降特性的影响规律,结果表明:复合地基沉降随垫层柔度系数的增大而增大,随置换率的增大而减小;复合地基桩土应力比随置换率的增大而增大,随垫层柔度系数的增大而减小;置换率对复合地基沉降和桩土应力比的影响较垫层柔度系数更大.