Loading Stress Analysis of Cement Concrete Pavement in Mountainous Areas

The suitable cement concrete pavement for mountainous areas is a form of low-cost cement concrete pavement that uses unconventional graded stones in different proportions in ordinary concrete,allowing the concrete to fully contact the stones and form a stable and well-bonded slab with large particle stones.As large particle stones replace a certain volume of cement concrete,they have good economic performance and are a low-cost form of cement concrete pavement.This study researches the use of ANSYS tools to analyze the influence of geometric dimensions and material properties of rigid pavement structural layers on the mechanical properties of pavement structures.

Toughness improvement mechanism and evaluation of cement concrete for road pavement:A review

Traditional cement concrete has the disadvantages of low tensile strength,poor toughness,and rapid development of cracks while cracking,which causes a significantly negative influence on the safety and durability of concrete road pavement.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of toughness improvement mechanisms and evaluation methods of cement concrete for road pavement.The review indicates that(i)The performance of concrete material depends on its material composition and internal structure.Aggregate size,cement properties and admixtures are the main factors of concrete toughness.(ii)The incorporation of rubber or fiber in pavement concrete improves the toughness of concrete materials.However,these additions must be maintained within a reasonable range.The amount of rubber and fiber are encouraged not more than 30%of the volume of fine aggregate and 2%of the volume of concrete,respectively.(iii)The toughness of pavement concrete material includes the toughness regarding bending,impact and fracture.The toughness of cement concrete for highway and municipal pavement is generally evaluated by bending and fracture toughness,while the toughness of airfield pavement concrete is more focused on impact toughness.(iv)The toughening measures of cement concrete for road pavement are mainly mixed with rubber or fiber,while these two materials have their defects,and the application of hightoughness cement concrete in the actual road still faces many challenges.For example,the synergistic effect of rubber and fiber,the development and application of new flexible admixtures,and the formulation of the toughness index of pavement cement concrete materials need further research.

In-site health monitoring of cement concrete pavements based on optical fiber sensing technology

Premature stress of cement concrete pavements i the coupled action of construction technique,structural ma-terial and environmental action.It is quite diffiault to accurately get the actual stress distribution merely based on the theoretical or simulation analysis.Ther efore,in-situ health monitoring is particularly si gnificant to obtain the stress or strain information for the assessment on structural perfor mance of cement concrete pavements.To contribute this topic,different kinds of FBG based sensors have been specially designed to measure the tem-perature,pressure and deformation in cement concrete pavements.A relatively long-term monitoring has been aonducted to collect the effective data after the solidification of the pavement lasts for about 15 d.Data analysis indicates that the temperature variation inside the pavement was very stable,with maximum ampltude smaller than 2.25°C in Sep.2020.The longitudinal,transverse and ver tical deformations of the pavement behaved in non-umniform distribution,and partial me asuring points suffered from large tensile force.The concrete course had better deformation resi stance than that of the soil base,and local interfacial micro void defects existed in the soil base.The preliminary results can help to understand the actual structural performance of cement concrete pavements based on the optical fiber sensing sys tem.

Characterizing properties of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete pavement

The performance of magnesium oxychloride cement concrete(MOCC)in road engineering in the arid region in northwest China was investigated over a two-year period.Two categories of MOCC pavement,light-burnt magnesia concrete road(Road-L)and dolomite concrete road(Road-D),were prepared with light-burnt magnesia and a mixture of light-burnt magnesia and caustic dolomite(1:3 by mass),respectively.Variations in the properties of the MOCC pavement,such as compressive and flexural strength,mineralogical phase,and microstructure,after being exposed to two rainy seasons in the field were monitored.The compressive strength of the cored samples were conducted after being aged for 28 d,and the compressive and flexural strength were tested at ages of 1,2,3,28,90,180,270,360 and 720 d.The mineralogical phase and microstructure of the pavement were also analyzed by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and scanning electron microscopy(SEM).The results demonstrate that MOCC pavement obtained desirable compressive and flexural strengths after curing for 3 d for Road-L and 28 d for Road-D.Both of the compressive and flexural strength of Road-L and Road-D decreased slightly after experiencing two rainy seasons,with the major hydration products being 5Mg(OH)2 MgCl28H2O(Phase 5)and 3Mg(OH)2 MgCl28H2O(Phase 3).The decomposition of Phase 5 is mainly responsible for reducing the mechanical strength of the MOCC pavement.

Study of interfacial transition zones between magnesium phosphate cement and Portland cement concrete pavement

The Portland cement concrete pavement(PCCP)often suffers from different environmental distresses and vehicle load failure,resulting in slab corner fractures,potholes,and other diseases.Rapid repair has become one of the effective ways to open traffic rapidly.In this study,a novel type of rapid repair material,basalt fiber reinforced polymer modified magnesium phosphate cement(BFPMPC),is used to rapidly repair PCCP.Notably,the mechanical properties and characteristics of the repair interfaces which are named interfacial transition zones(ITZs)formed by BFPMPC and cement concrete are focused on as a decisive factor for the performance of the rapid repair.The changing trend of the elastic moduli was studied by nanoindentation experiments in the ITZs with the deconvolution analysis that the elastic moduli of certain kinds of substances can be determined.The experimental results show that the elastic modulus of ITZ-1 with a width of about20μm can be regarded as 0.098 times of the aggregate,and 0.51 times of the ordinary Portland cement(OPC)mortar.The BFPMPC-OPC mortar ITZ has roughly the same mechanical properties as the ITZ between aggregate and BFPMPC.A multi-scale representative two-dimensional model was established by random aggregate and a two-dimensional extended finite element method(XFEM)to study the mechanical properties of the repair interface.The simulation results show that the ITZ formed by the interface of BFPMPC and OPC mortar and basalt aggregate is the most vulnerable to failure,which is consistent with the nano-indentation experimental results.

Precast system and assembly connection of cement concrete slabs for road pavement: A review

Prefabricated pavement is increasingly applied worldwide due to the rapid construction on-site.This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of the precast systems and assembly connection of concrete slabs,as well as the precast pavement features.The previous research indicates that:(1)both super-slab and Michigan systems are recommended with the satisfied road performance close to the cast-in-place;(2)flexible base material is suggested for the fabricated pavement for the satisfied leveling and stress distribution;(3)to prevent the voiding phenomenon of the fabricated pavement,the sand cushion course,dry mixed mortar or self-leveling mortar,and other flowable materials could be used for the secondary leveling of the base after the pavement splicing;(4)two-direction dowel bars are recommended for slab connections of the fabricated pavement,which helps to improve the load transfer capacity of the joints and enhance the durability of the fabricated pavement structure;(5)the sealing treatment of precast slab joints needs strengthening to reduce the impact of surface runoff on the base course;(6)the further research focuses are designing with functional,composite,mechanized,intelligent,lightweight,and flexible pavement slabs.Besides,pavement mechanical properties induced by temperature overlapping traffic loads need to be revealed.

Test Study on the Recycled Aggregate and Concrete Regenerated from Worn Cement Concrete Pavement

Regenerate utilization of worn cement concrete is the key technical problem to be solved in traffic field while the cement concrete pavement built long ago durative disrepair. The study aimed at the worn cement concrete which can not be reused in site,get recycled aggregate according to the practically technics of regenerate,and then carry out test study on the aggregate and recycle aggregate cement concrete. Test results show recycled fine aggregate is about 26% of recycled aggregate,and substantive sand pulps are adhere on the surface of recycled while the distinct crackle appears on this sand pulp surface. relative to the natural aggregate,one of the remarkable characters of the recycled aggregate is that the inartificial water ratio is relatively low and the water-absorbing ratio can reach 4%～12%,and the water-absorbing ratio increased while the grain getting fine. the second remarkable characters of recycled coarse aggregate is that the weared stone value and crushed stone value of recycled coarse aggregate are both bigger,the Los-angeles weared stone value is 32.7,the crushed stone value is 26.5. So,the recycled aggregate can not meet the criterion,but after mixed into 40% natural aggregate,it can meet. The mixture ratio test results proved that based on the dosage of cement we can through reduce water cement ratio and augment water quantity to improve the working performance of recycled concrete. The destroy form of recycled concrete goes all the way with natural concrete,the recycled aggregate can absolutely used in cement concrete under C50.

Texturing and evaluation of concrete pavement surface:A state-of-the-art review

Concrete pavement is accompanied by two major functional properties,namely noise emission and friction,which are closely related to pavement surface texture.While several technologies have been developed to mitigate tirepavement noise and improve driving friction by surface texturization,limited information is available to compare the advantages and disadvantages of different surface textures.In this study,a state-of-the-art and state-of-thepractice review is conducted to investigate the noise reduction and friction improvement technologies for concrete pavement surfaces.The commonly used tests for characterizing the surface texture,skid resistance,and noise emission of concrete pavement were first summarized.Then,the texturing methods for both fresh and hardened concrete pavement surfaces were discussed,and the friction,noise emission and durability performances of various surface textures were compared.It is found that the next generation concrete surface(NGCS)texture generally provides the best noise emission performance and excellent friction properties.The exposed aggregate concrete(EAC)and optimized diamond grinding textures are also promising alternatives.Lastly,the technical parameters for the application of both diamond grinding and diamond grinding&grooving textures were recommended based on the authors'research and practical experience in Germany and the US.This study offers a convenient reference to the pavement researchers and engineers who seek to quickly understand relevant knowledge and choose the most appropriate surface textures for concrete pavements.

Theoretical Development and Engineering Practice of Pavements in China

This paper presents a comprehensive review of historical theory development and current construction practice of pavement engineering in China. Mechanical models, design guides, construction techniques, evaluation methods and maintenance standards are elaborated for Portland cement concrete （PCC） pavements methodology among pavements of rural highways, urban roads and asphalt concrete （AC） pavements. Differences in design and airport fields are discussed based on service requirements. Lessons and experiences based on the past 20 years＇ construction practice and pavement performance are summarized. Current research areas in pavement engineering associated with unconventional geological and/or landscaping in China＇s highway construction and national strategic plan for pavement engineering are also covered.

A critical review of carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete and its potential applications

Carbon materials engineered electrically conductive cement concrete(ECCC)is typically prepared by directly adding carbon-based conductive filler into the cement matrix and then mixing cement with aggregates.With such a strategy,ECCC possesses a high conductivity and strain/stress sensitivity and thus can be used for snow and ice melting,ohmic heating,cathodic protection system,electromagnetic shielding,structural health monitoring,and traffic detection.This paper aims to provide a systematic review on the development and applications of ECCC,especially the progress made in the past decade(from 2012 to 2022).The composition and manufacture of ECCC are first introduced.Then,the electrical performance of ECCC and its potential applications are reviewed.Finally,the remaining challenges for future work are discussed.

Noise emission of concrete pavement surfaces produced by diamond grinding

In Germany, diamond grinding is frequently used to improve the evenness and skid resistance of concrete pavement surfaces. Since diamond grinding has been observed to affect tyre/pavement noise emission favourably, the relationship among surface texture, concrete composition and noise emission of concrete pavement surfaces has been sys- tematically investigated. The simulation program SPERoN was used in a parameter study to investigate the main factors which affect noise emission. Based on the results of the simulations, textured concrete surfaces were produced by using a laboratory grinding machine. As well as the composition of the concrete, the thickness and spacing of the diamond blades were varied. The ability of the textured surfaces to reduce noise emission was assessed from the texture characteristics and air flow resistance of textured surfaces measured in the laboratory. It was found that concrete composition and, in particular, the spacing of the blades affected the reduction in noise emission considerably. The noise emission behaviour of numerous road sections was also considered in field investigations. The pavement surfaces had been textured by diamond grinding during the last years or decades. The results show that diamond grinding is able to provide good, durable noise- reducing properties. Several new pavement sections were investigated using thicknesses and spacings of the blades similar to those used in the laboratory to optimize noise emission reduction. It is concluded that diamond grinding is a good alternative to exposed aggregate concrete for the production of low-noise pavement surfaces.

Influence of polyolefin fibers on the strength and deformability properties of road pavement concrete

Influence of the type and quantity of polyolefin fibers on the strength properties(compression strength, tensile strength in bending, strength in uniaxial tension), the deformation properties(elastic modulus, Poisson’s coefficient) and the abrasion resistance of cement concrete with water-to-cement ratio within 0.31 e0.55 were stated in the paper.The ways of fibers introduction into fresh concrete were investigated. It was shown that the fibers introduction method and procedure of mixing are the ways to improve the fibers uniform distribution in fresh concrete. The increase of the bending tensile strength and the uniaxial tensile strength of concrete with fibers reinforcement in comparison with the reference concrete was observed with the water-to-cement ratio decrease. The increase of uniaxial tensile strength at age of 28 days for concrete with macrofibers in amount of4.5 kg/m^3 was 23% and 29%;for macrofibers in quantity of 3 kg/m^3 was 19% and 26% with water-cement ratio equal to 0.49 and 0.31, respectively. The maximum reduction of abrasion in the range of 7.5%e10% was observed in concrete with water-to-cement ratio within0.44 e0.55 for all investigated types of fibers. The influence of fibers on the concrete abrasion with lower W/C ratio was negligible. The results can contribute to the rational use of modified polyolefin fibers in road pavement concrete.

面向自动化检测的水泥混凝土道面损坏状况评价方法

针对现有道面评价方法不能完全适用于自动化检测技术的问题,对目前机场道面自动化检测特征进行了分析,重新划分了水泥混凝土道面病害类型。根据我国32个机场的道面损坏数据统计结果,对现行道面评价规范中各病害的扣分值进行加权合并,确定了新病害类型的扣分值,在此基础上形成了机场水泥混凝土道面表观破损、隐蔽病害和综合损坏状况评价指标,并通过与道面状况指数(PCI)的对比分析和指标值分布特征确定了各指标的等级阈值。锡林浩特机场跑道区块道面损坏状况人工巡检和自动化检测结果评价指标对比表明,新构建的水泥混凝土道面损坏状况评价方法所得安全等级与PCI的评价等级一致。

快通水泥混凝土路面与水泥稳定基层建造新技术

文中针对水泥混凝土路面与基层快速建造、提早通车运营的难题,将其他建筑混凝土工程中的早强混凝土应用于公路水泥混凝土路面工程,并参照美国ACPA水泥混凝土路面协会相关技术,提出了我国快通水泥混凝土路面的定义、建造技术和基本技术要求,以期实现我国公路水泥混凝土路面工程在建造和养生中少堵车、不堵车、快速畅通的目的,为我国公路交通建设及路面建造、养生、运营做出贡献。

装配式水泥路面夹环连接式传力杆接缝设计及验证

面向可拆卸装配式水泥路面,提出了一种夹环连接式传力杆接缝,在阐述其特征和基本参数的基础上,选取挠度传荷系数和弯沉差作为指标,使用有限元方法分析了下开口槽、传力杆、夹环构件等参数对夹环连接式传力杆接缝传荷能力的影响,同时分析了夹环连接式传力杆接缝的构件及界面应力的变化规律,得到了合理的接缝参数;此外,通过室内足尺试验评价了夹环连接式传力杆接缝的传荷性能。结果表明,提出的夹环连接式传力杆接缝的传荷能力满足要求,具有一定的工程应用价值。

水泥混凝土道面可靠性设计指标计算方法

基于水泥混凝土道面可靠性设计指标的计算方法,分析目前计算方法存在的问题与不足,并提出算法的改进。我国工程结构设计标准提供的可靠指标基本采用安全系数换算、分项系数基本采用安全系数或可靠指标换算,该算法可能存在不同设计状况的设计结果不符合可靠性宏观规律、不同设计指标的设计结果不具有一致性的问题,原因在于可靠性设计指标的计算忽视了设计变量之间的相关性;将变量间相关性纳入工程整体可靠度考虑,改进得到的可靠指标与分项系数计算式具有更好的适用性;应用到水泥混凝土道面工程,通过抗力性质判断变量之间是否具有相关性,再分别定量统计相关系数值,最后通过改进算法计算可靠性指标的适宜值。

改性聚酯纤维对机场水泥混凝土的增韧阻裂效果分析

为增强机场水泥混凝土的韧性,提升道面结构的抗开裂能力,制备了聚酯纤维(FC)、聚乙烯醇纤维(PVA)和聚丙烯粗纤维(PP)混凝土。以砂率、FC纤维掺量和减水剂掺量为影响因素,28 d抗折强度为响应值,采用响应面法确定了FC纤维混凝土的最佳配比。采用三点弯曲韧性试验和三点弯曲断裂试验,分析了纤维的增韧阻裂机理。结果表明:砂率、FC纤维掺量和减水剂掺量之间存在交互作用,三者对混凝土28 d抗折强度的影响程度排序为FC纤维掺量>减水剂掺量>砂率,最佳配比为砂率34%、FC纤维掺量1.4 kg/m^(3)、减水剂掺量2%。三种纤维P-δ曲线拐点处的荷载峰值和挠度显著提高,拐点尖锐程度下降。相较于素混凝土,FC、PVA和PP纤维混凝土的断裂韧性分别提高了125.8%、118.4%和87.1%,起裂韧度分别提升了38.7%、33.9%和25.2%,断裂韧度分别提升了87.1%、73.2%和55.6%。此外,FC、PVA和PP纤维混凝土开裂过程中所需的断裂能分别提升了216.2%、193.2%和162.9%。结合能量平衡理论,纤维通过能量传递的方式在混凝土中起到增韧阻裂作用,FC纤维的增韧阻裂效果相对显著。

基于振动传递率函数的水泥混凝土铺面脱空识别方法

为提高水泥混凝土铺面脱空识别的准确性和便捷性,提出一种基于振动传递率函数的板底脱空识别方法。首先,建立了九块板全尺寸铺面结构三维有限元模型,获取冲击荷载作用下铺面板的多点加速度响应;其次,在2个振动传递方向上,分别计算相邻2个测点间的振动传递率函数,分析特定频段内传递率函数的差异,并提出传递率损伤指标(transmissibility-damage indicator,TDI)及其矩阵表达式;最后,计算分析11种不同脱空形式、程度下TDI矩阵的差异,并分析测点布设方式、信号噪声水平对TDI矩阵的影响。结果表明:该脱空判定指标能较好识别定位板角和板边局部脱空。所得TDI矩阵在板角脱空的2个传递方向均十分显著,在板边脱空的垂直脱空边方向较为显著;对于板中脱空,2个传递方向上的TDI矩阵均无法有效识别。板中脱空的分布与TDI矩阵的分布一致性较差;对于多区域脱空,其计算得到的TDI矩阵与单区域脱空类似,对于板角和板边局部脱空均能有效识别;测点布设越密,TDI矩阵的分布与脱空分布的一致性越高。然而,该识别方法对噪声水平较为敏感,噪声水平越高,识别精度越低,需要较高精度的传感器或设备予以支撑。

花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土干缩及耐久性研究

为了明确花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土的干缩性与耐久性,通过干缩试验、抗氯离子渗透试验和抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能试验,结合花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土的各项性能,研究了不同水胶比、粉煤灰掺量及砂率对其干缩及耐久性的影响,并建立了花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土干缩收缩预测模型,全面分析了各因素对路面混凝土各性能的影响作用及劣化机制。结果表明:花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土干缩性能受水胶比与粉煤灰掺量的影响较为显著,水胶比在0.34~0.42时,混凝土龄期在3、28、60 d,收缩率最大增加41.6%、115.2%、122.9%,粉煤灰质量分数为20%较15%对抑制干缩性能更明显,在一定范围内掺量越多,抑制效果越显著,受砂率影响不明显;花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土抗渗性能对水胶比变化较敏感,受粉煤灰掺量影响明显,砂率对其抗渗性能的影响较小;花岗岩机制砂路面混凝土抗侵蚀性能受水胶比影响较大,砂率影响较小,粉煤灰的掺入可以改善花岗岩机制砂混凝土抗硫酸盐侵蚀性能。

水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层病害分析及预防性养护技术研究

随着运营年限增长,水泥混凝土路面会出现不同程度的破损,工程中常采用加铺沥青面层的方式对破损水泥混凝土路面进行修补。依托某水泥混凝土路面沥青加铺层养护工程,对沥青加铺层常见病害及其成因进行分析,并对预防性养护技术在沥青加铺层中的应用进行研究。结果表明:反射裂缝与车辙是沥青加铺层中最常见的病害,采用裂缝填补及微表处技术能够很好地控制沥青加铺层病害发展。